Turismo virtual y experiencia turística: el caso de la zona de monumentos arqueológicos de Teotihuacán

Tesis de licenciaturaLa realidad virtual y la realidad aumentada aplicadas al turismo han tenido varios avances notorios a lo largo de los años, pues gracias a estas herramientas se han podido recrear espacios y escenarios de diversas etapas históricas ajenas a la que se están viviendo hoy en día. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer la experiencia que los visitantes a la Zona de Monumentos Arqueológicos de Teotihuacán, Estado de México, tienen en dicha zona a partir del uso de la realidad virtual. El estudio reveló que el uso de la herramienta “Teotihuacan 3D” es asumida como un complemento de la visita, y por tanto de la experiencia turística, en un sitio cultural arqueológico

La restauración como oportunidad para redescubrir el arte mudéjar aragonés

Los procesos de restauración son una magnífica oportunidad para redescubrir los bienes sobre los que se interviene, en nuestro caso, tendremos ocasión de constatarlo tomando como modelo las iglesias de Santa Tecla en Cervera de la Cañada, Santa María en Tobed, y San Félix en Torralba de Ribota, representativos ejemplos del mudéjar aragonés y objeto de importantes restauraciones, en éste último caso a falta de realizarse de manera integral. Con el uso de nuestros dispositivos móviles, teléfonos inteligentes o tabletas, a través de la tecnología de Códigos QR, tendremos acceso al corpus fotográfico que se genera en estos procesos, y forma parte de las Memorias y Proyectos de restauración, a los que debemos sumar imágenes de archivos, estudios y monografías, que en ocasiones éstos también incluyen. A partir de todo el material fotográfico con el que contamos, se ha realizado una selección y elaborado una serie de propuestas para cada una de las iglesias, en función de diferentes criterios. El visitante podrá acceder a toda esta información, alojada en una página web diseñada para este fin, de una manera casi instantánea, permitiéndole conocer entre otros ejemplos los estados de conservación previos a la intervención, procesos de consolidación, limpieza o reintegración, imágenes comparativas…, además de reconocer estos mismos espacios a través de la mirada especial de las imágenes antiguas

Porous Titanium Cylinders Obtained by the Freeze-Casting Technique: Influence of Process Parameters on Porosity and Mechanical Behavior

 The discrepancy between the stiffness of commercially pure titanium and cortical bone  tissue compromises its success as a biomaterial. The use of porous titanium has been widely studied,  however, it is still challenging to obtain materials able to replicate the porous structure of the bones  (content, size, morphology and distribution). In this work, the freeze‐casting technique is used to  manufacture cylinders with elongated porosity, using a home‐made and economical device. The  relationship between the processing parameters (diameter and material of the mold, temperature  gradient), microstructural features and mechanical properties is established and discussed, in terms  of ensuring biomechanical and biofunctional balance. The cylinders have a gradient porosity  suitable for use in dentistry, presenting higher Young’s modulus at the bottom, near the cold spot  and, therefore better mechanical resistance (it would be in contact with a prosthetic crown), while  the opposite side, the hot spot, has bigger, elongated pores and walls.  Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain  grant  MAT2015‐71284‐P  FEDER‐Junta de Andalucía Research  Project (Modeling and implementation of the freeze casting technique: gradients of porosity with a tribomechanical equilibrium and electro‐stimulated cellular behavior).

Porous titanium substrates coated with a bilayer of bioactive glasses

Porous titanium substrates coated by dripping-sedimentation technique with a novel bilayer of (45S5 / 1393) bioactive glasses are proposed to overcome some limitations of the use of titanium for implants, such as the stress shielding and the poor osseointegration. Composition, thickness, roughness and micromechanical behavior (P-h curves) of the coating and the influence of the porous titanium substrates have been characterized. Best results were found for the substrate with 30 vol.% of porosity and a range size of 355 ‒ 500 μm, since it enhanced the mechanical and biofunctional behavior, due to the good adhesion of the 1393 bioglass to the substrate and the greater bioactivity of the 45S5 bioglass, which would be in contact with the bone.Junta de Andalucía–FEDER (Spain) US-1259771M.E.C. (Spain) 2004/00001203 (RYC-2004-001497

Biofunctional and Tribo-mechanical Behavior of Porous Titanium Substrates Coated with a Bioactive Glass Bilayer (45S5 ‒ 1393)

Porous substrates of commercially pure titanium have been coated with a novel bilayer of bioactive glasses, 45S5 and 1393, to improve the osseointegration and solve the stress-shielding phenomenon of titanium partial implants. The porosity of the substrates, the scratch resistance and bioactivity of the coating have been evaluated. Results are discussed in terms of stiffness and yield strength of the substrates, as well as the chemical composition, thickness and design of the bioglass coating (monolithic vs. bilayer). The role of the pores was a crucial issue in the anchoring of the coating, both in porosity percentage (30 and 60 vol. %) and pore range size (100 – 200 and 355 ‒ 500 μm). The study was focused on the adhesion and infiltration of a 1393 bioglass layer (in contact with a porous titanium substrate), in combination with the biofunctionality of the 45S5 bioglass layer (surrounded by the host bone tissue), as 1393 bioglass enhances the adherence, while 45S5 bioglass promotes higher bioactivity. This bioactivity of the raw powder was initially estimated by nuclear magnetic resonance, through the evaluation of the chemical environments, and confirmed by the formation of hydroxyapatite, when immersed in simulated body fluid. Results revealed that the substrate with 30 vol. % of porosity and a range of 355 ‒ 500 μm pore size, coated with this novel bioactive glass bilayer, presented the best combination in terms of mechanical and biofunctional properties.Junta de Andalucía–FEDER (Spain) Project Ref. US-1259771Ministerio de Ciencia y Educación (Spain) Project 2004/00001203 (RYC-2004-001497

Physical education and school bullying: a systematic review

Objectives: To evaluate the associations of physical education (PE) with school violence and bullying. Design: Systematic review. Method: Using a systematic search in Medline, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus, relevant studies with a quantitative and qualitative design were identified that met previously established eligibility criteria. Quality was assessed (bias risk analysis) and data were extracted from a previously elaborated template. Results: The systematic review finally included 16 studies, of which 10 had a quantitative design (n = 12795), 5 a qualitative design (n = 79) and 1 a mixed design (n = 86). The high heterogeneity presented by the measures used in the included studies hindered the comparison of the outcomes and prevented meta-analysis of the data. Although there is insufficient evidence about the positive impact of PE on bullying prevention, the results of this review indicate that some aspects of PE programs could improve students’ skills to cope with these situations. Conclusions: The results of this review suggest the importance of PE in the prevention of bullying. Secondly, it is emphasized that bullying situations have a negative impact on students’ enjoyment of PE, leading to detrimental consequences for their physical and psychological health. Thirdly, the figure of the PE teacher as a key element to prevent and/or encourage bullying was obvious

Porous Titanium surfaces to control bacteria growth: mechanical properties and sulfonated polyetheretherketone coating as antibiofounling approaches

Here, titanium porous substrates were fabricated by a space holder technique. The relationship between microstructural characteristics (pore equivalent diameter, mean free-path between pores, roughness and contact surface), mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, yield strength and dynamic micro-hardness) and bacterial behavior are discussed. The bacterial strains evaluated are often found on dental implants: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The colony-forming units increased with the size of the spacer for both types of studied strains. An antibiofouling synthetic coating based on a sulfonated polyetheretherketone polymer revealed an effective chemical surface modification for inhibiting MRSA adhesion and growth. These findings collectively suggest that porous titanium implants designed with a pore size of 100–200 µm can be considered most suitable, assuring the best biomechanical and bifunctional anti-bacterial properties.University of Seville VI Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia—US 2018, I.3A

Balancing porosity and mechanical properties of titanium samples to favor cellular growth against bacteria

Two main problems limit the success of titanium implants: bacterial infection, which restricts their osseointegration capacity; and the stiffness mismatch between the implant and the host cortical bone, which promotes bone resorption and risk of fracture. Porosity incorporation may reduce this difference in stiffness but compromise biomechanical behavior. In this work, the relationship between the microstructure (content, size, and shape of pores) and the antibacterial and cellular behavior of samples fabricated by the space-holder technique (50 vol % NH4HCO3 and three ranges of particle sizes) is established. Results are discussed in terms of the best biomechanical properties and biofunctional activity balance (cell biocompatibility and antibacterial behavior). All substrates achieved suitable cell biocompatibility of premioblast and osteoblast in adhesion and proliferation processes. It is worth to highlighting that samples fabricated with the 100–200 μm space-holder present better mechanical behavior—in terms of stiffness, microhardness, and yield strength—which make them a very suitable material to replace cortical bone tissues. Those results exposed the relationship between the surface properties and the race of bacteria and mammalian cells for the surface with the aim to promote cellular growth over bacteria.University of Seville (Spain) VI Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia—US 2018, I.3A

Efecto de la adición de concentrados de pescado sobre las propiedades físicas y tecnológicas de la pasta

En el presente trabajo se estudió el efecto de la incorporación de concentrados de pescado sobre la calidad de pastas alimenticias con el objetivo de evaluar su viabilidad tecnológica y comercial. A tales efectos, se analizaron dos formulaciones de pasta suplementadas con concentrados de pescado (D. labrax) tanto secas como frescas, en las cuales también se ensayó el uso o no de un antioxidante natural (R. officinalis). Con el fin de realizar una comparación y establecer la influencia de la adición de pescado sobre las pastas, se analizaron dos formulaciones análogas de pasta estándar (trigo duro y espelta). En primer lugar, se estimaron los tiempos de cocción óptimos para todas las pastas consideradas. A continuación, se realizaron en todas las pastas, previamente sometidas a sus tiempos de cocción óptimos, evaluaciones instrumentales del color, un análisis de perfil de textura y la determinación de propiedades de calidad tecnológica de interés. Los hallazgos obtenidos en el estudio indicaron que las pastas con pescado mostraron una disminución en la mayoría de sus propiedades texturales, a excepción de la adhesividad que fue notablemente más elevada con respecto a las pastas tradicionales. La adición de pescado también provocó ligeros cambios en el color de la pasta, aunque poco relevantes desde el punto de vista comercial. En cuanto a la calidad tecnológica de las pastas, se vio moderadamente afectada como consecuencia de la adición de pescado, presentando unas mayores pérdidas por cocción y menores ganancias en peso e hidratación. A pesar del efecto del concentrado de pescado sobre las propiedades físicas y tecnológicas, la pasta con pescado supone una buena alternativa para ofrecer un alimento con un perfil nutricional mejorado con una baja repercusión en la calidad del producto.<br /

Influence of the porosity and type of bioglass on the micro-mechanical and bioactive behavior of coated porous titanium substrates

In this study, the best equilibrium among adherence, micro-mechanical properties and coating bioactivity of bioactive glasses (45S5 and 1393) on porous titanium substrates has been explored and their potential uses for bone tissue implants. Porous titanium discs with different porosities (30 and 60 vol.%) and pore size distributions (100–200 and 355–500 µm) were utilized to rationalize their influence on both properties and performance. It was corroborated that porous samples produced a reduction in micro-hardness (~ 2000–4000 N/mm2) and the elastic modulus (~25–50 GPa), obtaining values closer to those of human bones, as well as induced a beneficial role to integrate the coatings. On one hand, bioglass 1393 presented greater capacity for pore infiltration while 45S5 was more bioactive. The results explained the better adherence and microhardness for bioglass 1393 and the significant formation of hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphates of bioglass 45S5, confirmed by 29Si MAS NMR.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2019-109371GB-I00Junta de Andalucía US-125977