Comfort in Closed Spaces According to Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality

In general the comfort of closed spaces means the thermal sensation, the air quality, the acoustic and lighting characteristics of the room. When designing the air-conditioning of a so called comfort room, the primary goal is to provide a pleasant microclimate for the people staying inside. Basically this means that the required thermal comfort of the people has to be satisfied. A person has pleasant thermal comfort if he/she feels that the temperature, the humidity and velocity of the surrounding air, as well as the mean radiating temperature is optimal. In this case the person staying in the room does not wish the surrounding air to be warmer, colder, more or less humid. Furthermore, considering the necessity of satisfying the thermal comfort, foreign regulations and standards take the quality of the air also into consideration. The good quality of the air inside the room can be maintained by letting in clean fresh air in a sufficient amount for the people staying inside. The technical regulations concerning this respect have not yet been properly prepared. The frequently heard complaints of people working in air- conditioned rooms are in connection with all this. They find that the air has an unpleasant smell, they feel a lack of air, or they might have a headache

„1 + 1 = 3” : Amikor az építészet találkozik a szolgáltatástervezéssel = “1 + 1 = 3” When Architecture Meets Service Design

Based in Barcelona, this international network of designers-turned-activists seek to transform our world on a local and global level by examining how design can impact empathy skills, optimistic mindsets and solution-orientated approaches to improve the built environment. What tools, techniques and practices are required to improve care in society? How to define shared processes and capabilities? The office’s approach is based upon values established by its founding members Lekshmy Parameswaran and László Herczeg

Garden Heritage – new perspectives in Hungarian Tourism Strategy

Garden visitation has been a tourism motivator for many years on international context, and can now be enjoyed in many different forms. According to international researches, garden tourism is the second largest tourism sector after food tourism, with a third of tourists globally including at least one garden visit in their travel itinerary. Garden tourism encompasses botanical gardens, arboreta, zoological gardens, city parks, flower shows, garden centres and increasingly tours of historic gardens and estates. Garden tourists to these types of attractions and events significantly give local economies a boost in many ways. Beside their economic and health benefits, garden tourism contribute to the environmental and cultural education of visitors, enhancing the importance of gardens in everyday life. In this context the historic gardens, and especially the castle garden ensembles, plays a leading role. The study shows the possible contribution of the Hungarian castle garden ensembles to the national tourism development strategies. The high number of castle gardens with heritage values, their compositional diversity and geographical location makes the castle gardens to be the main target garden group used by the garden tourism. The study give an overview of a comprehensive garden inventory methodology - with historic survey, investigation of current conditions, analyzis of garden values and attractions and formulation of strategic recommendations. The conclusions drawn from the historical review and survey provide a good basis for the protection and to dissemination of this complex heritage and to use it as a cultural basis and background for future touristic developments, with an emphasis on their current and future educational role

Substance p immunoreactivity exhibits frequent colocalization with kisspeptin and neurokinin B in the human infundibular region.

Neurons synthesizing neurokinin B (NKB) and kisspeptin (KP) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus represent important upstream regulators of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurosecretion. In search of neuropeptides co-expressed in analogous neurons of the human infundibular nucleus (Inf), we have carried out immunohistochemical studies of the tachykinin peptide Substance P (SP) in autopsy samples from men (21-78 years) and postmenopausal (53-83 years) women. Significantly higher numbers of SP-immunoreactive (IR) neurons and darker labeling were observed in the Inf of postmenopausal women than in age-matched men. Triple-immunofluorescent studies localized SP immunoreactivity to considerable subsets of KP-IR and NKB-IR axons and perikarya in the infundibular region. In postmenopausal women, 25.1% of NKB-IR and 30.6% of KP-IR perikarya contained SP and 16.5% of all immunolabeled cell bodies were triple-labeled. Triple-, double- and single-labeled SP-IR axons innervated densely the portal capillaries of the infundibular stalk. In quadruple-labeled sections, these axons formed occasional contacts with GnRH-IR axons. Presence of SP in NKB and KP neurons increases the functional complexity of the putative pulse generator network. First, it is possible that SP modulates the effects of KP and NKB in axo-somatic and axo-dendritic afferents to GnRH neurons. Intrinsic SP may also affect the activity and/or neuropeptide release of NKB and KP neurons via autocrine/paracrine actions. In the infundibular stalk, SP may influence the KP and NKB secretory output via additional autocrine/paracrine mechanisms or regulate GnRH neurosecretion directly. Finally, possible co-release of SP with KP and NKB into the portal circulation could underlie further actions on adenohypophysial gonadotrophs

An ALMA Survey of faint disks in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region: Why are some Class II disks so faint?

ALMA surveys of nearby star-forming regions have shown that the dust mass in the disk is correlated with the stellar mass, but with a large scatter. This scatter could indicate either different evolutionary paths of disks or different initial conditions within a single cluster. We present ALMA Cycle 3 follow-up observations for 14 Class II disks that were low S/N detections or non-detections in our Cycle 2 survey of the $\sim 2$ Myr-old Chamaeleon I star-forming region. With 5 times better sensitivity, we detect millimeter dust continuum emission from six more sources and increase the detection rate to 94\% (51/54) for Chamaeleon I disks around stars earlier than M3. The stellar-disk mass scaling relation reported in \citet{pascucci2016} is confirmed with these updated measurements. Faint outliers in the $F_{mm}$--$M_*$ plane include three non-detections (CHXR71, CHXR30A, and T54) with dust mass upper limits of 0.2 M$_\oplus$ and three very faint disks (CHXR20, ISO91, and T51) with dust masses $\sim 0.5$ M$_\oplus$. By investigating the SED morphology, accretion property and stellar multiplicity, we suggest for the three millimeter non-detections that tidal interaction by a close companion ($<$100 AU) and internal photoevaporation may play a role in hastening the overall disk evolution. The presence of a disk around only the secondary star in a binary system may explain the observed stellar SEDs and low disk masses for some systems.Comment: ApJ accepte