Sportspsykologi under OL: En dansk sejler-besætning i modvind

At præstere til De Olympiske Lege (OL) er en unik udfordring for både atleter, trænere og sportspsykologer. Denne artikel er en personlig beskrivelse af og refleksion over en konkret sports-psykologisk intervention. Interventionen havde til formål at hjælpe en sejlerbesætning til at præstere ved OL, den ultimative sportsbegivenhed. Artiklen beskriver de specifikke strategier, som sportspsy-kologen anvendte til at hjælpe to sejlere med at forberede sig, præstere og håndtere livet efter OL. Be-sætningen oplevede, at forberedelserne frem mod OL gik godt, men under OL oplevede de en betyde-lig modvind (metafor for modgang). Denne case er et eksempel på tæt sammenhæng mellem forsk-ning og praksis. Interventionen var et eksempel på evidensbaseret praksis og den efterfølgende evalu-ering fik betydning for fremtidig praksis. Efter OL blev interventionen evalueret og på baggrund af denne evaluering (samt mange flere) besluttede Team Danmarks sportspsykologiske team at integrere mindfulness og mere acceptbaserede tilgange i deres praksis og i teamets professionelle filosofi. Nog-le af nøgleelementerne i denne tilgang er; at være tilstede i nuet; at acceptere at tanker og følelser kommer uden nødvendigvis at handle på dem; samt at afklare sine personlige værdier og leve efter dem. Disse processer er vigtige for atleter, men lige så vigtige for sportspsykologen, som også for-ventes at være rolig, fokuseret og stå fast – selv i den stærkeste vind.   Nøgleord: Olympiske Lege, sejlads, sportspsykologisk service, kognitiv adfærdsterapi i sport mindfulness og acceptbaserede tilgangeAt præstere til De Olympiske Lege (OL) er en unik udfordring for både atleter, trænere og sportspsykologer. Denne artikel er en personlig beskrivelse af og refleksion over en konkret sports-psykologisk intervention. Interventionen havde til formål at hjælpe en sejlerbesætning til at præstere ved OL, den ultimative sportsbegivenhed. Artiklen beskriver de specifikke strategier, som sportspsy-kologen anvendte til at hjælpe to sejlere med at forberede sig, præstere og håndtere livet efter OL. Be-sætningen oplevede, at forberedelserne frem mod OL gik godt, men under OL oplevede de en betyde-lig modvind (metafor for modgang). Denne case er et eksempel på tæt sammenhæng mellem forsk-ning og praksis. Interventionen var et eksempel på evidensbaseret praksis og den efterfølgende evalu-ering fik betydning for fremtidig praksis. Efter OL blev interventionen evalueret og på baggrund af denne evaluering (samt mange flere) besluttede Team Danmarks sportspsykologiske team at integrere mindfulness og mere acceptbaserede tilgange i deres praksis og i teamets professionelle filosofi. Nog-le af nøgleelementerne i denne tilgang er; at være tilstede i nuet; at acceptere at tanker og følelser kommer uden nødvendigvis at handle på dem; samt at afklare sine personlige værdier og leve efter dem. Disse processer er vigtige for atleter, men lige så vigtige for sportspsykologen, som også for-ventes at være rolig, fokuseret og stå fast – selv i den stærkeste vind.   Nøgleord: Olympiske Lege, sejlads, sportspsykologisk service, kognitiv adfærdsterapi i sport mindfulness og acceptbaserede tilgang

Team Denmark’s sport psychology professional philosophy 2.0

In 2008, Team Denmark established a sport psychology team with the aim to enhance the quality and consistency of applied sport psychology services in Danish sport. The team began their work by creating a professional philosophy (Henriksen, Hansen, & Diment, 2011). Since this publication, the team has worked closely with Danish athletes, coaches and sport federations in consultations, training and competitions, including at numerous World and Europeans Championships as well as several Olympic Games. Lessons learnt on the job, the introduction to new theoretical perspectives, insights from supervision, and formal professional education have resulted in the continual development of the team’s professional philosophy. The purpose of this article is to present a revised version of Team Denmark’s professional philosophy; including: (1) the vision for the team; (2) basic beliefs and values; (3) the psychological theories that interventions are based upon; (4) Team Denmark’s Sports Psychological model which describes the content and focus of the team’s work; and (5) the concrete psychological services that delivered. High quality service requires coherence across all five levels of the philosophy.In 2008, Team Denmark established a sport psychology team with the aim to enhance the quality and consistency of applied sport psychology services in Danish sport. The team began their work by creating a professional philosophy (Henriksen, Hansen, & Diment, 2011). Since this publication, the team has worked closely with Danish athletes, coaches and sport federations in consultations, training and competitions, including at numerous World and Europeans Championships as well as several Olympic Games. Lessons learnt on the job, the introduction to new theoretical perspectives, insights from supervision, and formal professional education have resulted in the continual development of the team’s professional philosophy. The purpose of this article is to present a revised version of Team Denmark’s professional philosophy; including: (1) the vision for the team; (2) basic beliefs and values; (3) the psychological theories that interventions are based upon; (4) Team Denmark’s Sports Psychological model which describes the content and focus of the team’s work; and (5) the concrete psychological services that delivered. High quality service requires coherence across all five levels of the philosophy

Udvikling- og testning af Det Danske Talentudviklingsmiljø-Spørgeskema (DTS) - et Redskab til at Måle Kvalitet og Karakteristika af Lokale Talentmiljøer

Introduktion: Der er efterspørgsel efter et håndgribeligt forskningsbaseret redskab til at guide forskere og praktikere i arbejdet med kompleksiteten i hele talentmiljøet. Formålet med dette studie er derfor at udvikle og teste et atlet-rapporteret redskab til at måle kendetegn og kvalitet af talentudviklingsmiljøer fra et holistisk-økologisk perspektiv. Metode: Henriksens (2010) feltstudier, britiske TDEQ (Martindale et al., 2010), øvrig litteratur og nationale anbefalinger dannede udgangspunktet for en række items til måling af psykologiske og psykosociale aspekter ved et talentudviklingsmiljø. Indholdsvalideringen bestod af ekspert- og atletinterviews hvorefter DTS blev administreret til 15-19-årige atleter fra forskellige idrætter. Eksplorativ faktoranalyse (EFA) (N = 111) og en kvalitativ vurdering blev anvendt til at reducere antallet af items og fastlægge faktorstrukturen. Efterfølgende blev en konfirmatorisk faktoranalyse (N = 357) anvendt til at evaluere og bekræfte skalaens faktorstruktur. Resultater: 33 items fordelt på otte faktorer viste acceptable model fit værdier, undtaget CFI (.851) og TLI (.83) der lå lige under cut-off værdien, og items viste generelt god konvergent validitet. Items mellem faktorerne viste signifikante moderate Spearman korrelationer (r = .16 - .62, p < .001) og en acceptabel Cronbach Alpha reliabilitet for syv faktorer (0.67-0.89) samt én faktor med lav reliabilitet (0.52). Konklusion: Første udgave af Det Danske Talentudviklingsmiljø-Spørgeskema (DTS) er et skridt på vejen mod et redskab til at evaluere kvaliteten af et talentmiljø og tilvejebringe vigtige anbefalinger til forskning og praksis. Testningen er foregået ved en lille stikprøve, hvorfor fremtidige studier bør undersøge DTS ved en større stikprøve, og undersøge for discriminant validitet samt for forskelle på tværs af idrætsgrene. Nøgleord: spørgeskema, holistisk-økologisk tilgang, talentudviklingsmiljø, faktoranalys

Shared Features of Successful Interorganizational Collaboration to Promote Local Talent Development Environments in Denmark

The aim of this study was to explore 11 case examples of successful talent development collaborations between sport federations, municipalities, and local clubs in Denmark in order to identify potential shared features of successful collaborations. We hypothesized that each case example would be unique, but that they would also share features that could be organized to provide practitioners with a model to guide the improvement of their practice. Grounded in the holistic ecological approach, the study was designed as a multiple case study to facilitate a cross-case analysis. Three Danish sport federations (handball, ice hockey, and swimming), nine municipalities, and eleven local clubs participated in the study, and the data was generated from 23 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders. Analysis led to the construction of six shared features of successful interorganizational collaboration organized into: (1) a list of features (SFIC-TD) with positive and opposite pole descriptors and three categories: collaborative philosophy, collaborative decisions, and collaborative actions, and (2) an applied framework termed the pyramid model for optimization of interorganizational collaboration in talent development (PIC-TD) which illustrates how the abovementioned categories lead to collaborative outcomes. Developing a shared philosophy of talent development was found to be a foundational starting point for successful collaboration between relevant organizations on the micro- and macro-level to improve the local athletic talent development environment

A world class academy in professional football:: The case of Ajax Amsterdam

The holistic ecological approach puts an emphasis on the environment in which prospective elite athletes develop. Applying the holistic ecological approach, this article examines talent development among male under-19 football players at Ajax Amsterdam which has a history of successfully developing several of its juniors to top-level international players. Principal methods of data collection include interviews, participant observations of daily life in the environment, and analysis of documents. The environment was centred around the relationship between players and a clubhouse community consisting of a team of coaches, teachers, experts, and managers that helped the players to focus on: Handling dual careers (sport and school), developing mental toughness, social skills and work ethic. Furthermore, the environment was characterised by a strong, open, and cohesive organisational culture based on each player as an investment, social responsibility and individual development before winning matches. We argue that the holistic ecological approach holds the potential to inspire coaches and practitioners to be sensitive to and analyse not only the individual player’s athletic development but also the overall strategies and organisational settings, in the talent development environment

Chapter 5 Miljøets betydning i elitesport

"In recent years there has been an increased focus on the importance of the environment for the development of elite athletes. In order to understand the factors that contribute to or limit an athlete’s sporting development, it is not enough to study only the individual but the whole environment in which the athlete develops. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate what characterizes a successful elite sport environment in Danish badminton. An elite sports environment that continuously manages to create senior results at the highest international level and win medals at the European championships, the World championships and the Olympics. The study was organized as a case study of the national elite sports center in Badminton Denmark (BD). Data was based on interviews with players, coaches and managers, observations on training and in competitions, meetings and analysis of documents. The environment was centered on self-understanding based on “us against the rest of the world” and a fundamental value in the environment was to create intelligent players while focusing on individual development through high training quality. The organizational culture was characterized by being: 1) a well documented, quality oriented and dialogue-based learning environment, 2) an environment with hard competition and 3) an environment with proximal role models.""De seneste år har der været stigende fokus på miljøets betydning for udvikling af eliteidrætsudøvere. Det er sket ud fra en erkendelse af, at hvis man ønsker at forstå de faktorer, der medvirker til eller begrænser en udøvers sportslige udvikling, er det ikke nok kun at studere den enkelte atlet, men hele miljøet, som udøveren udvikler sig i. Formålet med dette kapitel er at undersøge, hvad der karakteriserer et succesfuldt eliteidrætsmiljø i dansk badminton, dvs. et eliteidrætsmiljø, der kontinuerligt formår at skabe seniorresultater på højeste internationale niveau og vinde medaljer ved EM, VM og OL. Undersøgelsen var et casestudie af eliteidrætsmiljøet i Badminton Danmark (BD). Der er indsamlet data fra interviews med spillere, trænere og ledere, observationer under træning og turneringer, interne møder og analyse af dokumenter. Miljøet var centreret omkring en selvforståelse baseret på ”os mod resten af verden”, og en grundlæggende værdi i miljøet var at skabe intelligente spillere og samtidig have fokus på individuel udvikling igennem høj træningskvalitet. Organisationskulturen var konstrueret som: 1) et veldokumenteret, kvalitetsorienteret og dialogbaseret læringsmiljø, 2) et miljø med hård intern konkurrence og 3) et miljø med nære rollemodeller.