454 research outputs found
Intravitreal hydrogels for sustained release of therapeutic proteins
This review highlights how hydrogel formulations can improve intravitreal protein delivery to the posterior segment of the eye in order to increase therapeutic outcome and patient compliance. Several therapeutic proteins have shown excellent clinical successes for the treatment of various intraocular diseases. However, drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye faces significant challenges due to multiple physiological barriers preventing drugs from reaching the retina, among which intravitreal protein instability and rapid clearance from the site of injection. Hence, frequent injections are required to maintain therapeutic levels. Moreover, because the world population ages, the number of patients suffering from ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasing and causing increased health care costs. Therefore, there is a growing need for suitable delivery systems able to tackle the current limitations in retinal protein delivery, which also may reduce costs. Hydrogels have shown to be promising delivery systems capable of sustaining release of therapeutic proteins and thus extending their local presence. Here, an extensive overview of preclinically developed intravitreal hydrogels is provided with attention to the rational design of clinically useful intravitreal systems. The currently used polymers, crosslinking mechanisms, in vitro/in vivo models and advancements are discussed together with the limitations and future perspective of these biomaterials.Peer reviewe
ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΒ», Β«ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΒ», Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Β«ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±ΡΒ» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π² Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΊ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠΊΡ, Ρ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΡ
ΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ β Π· Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ,ΡΠΊ Β«Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΡΡΒ», Β«ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΒ», Π°
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Β«ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ±ΠΈΒ» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ³.The article is investigates the nature and possibilities of
using the basic tenets and concepts of praxeology in the
banking sector. We study the peculiarities of interaction of
praxeology as a philosophical-logical sphere, on the one
hand, and the banking business β both the practical scope
of the other.The possibilities of implementation in the banking sector such concepts as Β«basic actionΒ», Β«initiatorΒ» as
well as the use of criteria prakseologicheskih ratings.
Indicated by the conditions of applicability Β«fighting techniquesΒ» for the successful operation of a commercial bank
in the financial services market
Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π΄ΡΠ½ - Π½Π°ΠΉΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±
An anthracene-functionalized thermosensitive block copolymer was synthesized, which formed micelles by heating its aqueous solution above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The micelles were subsequently crosslinked by UV illumination at 365 nm with a normal handheld UV lamp. The micelles showed a small size (30 nm) and high loading capacity (16.0 Β± 0.1%) for paclitaxel and released paclitaxel for more than ten days
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ: ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ.
ΠΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ², Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ.ΠΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡ Π· Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ ΡΠ²ΡΡΡ, Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ
ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π², Π΄Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°
Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ.Today interethnic and international contradictions are the most topical problems
of many countries of the world including Ukraine. It belongs to those polyethnic
states where interethnic and international contradictions and conflicts are unavoided.
This article is devoted to analysis, causes and possible consequences of the last
ones
Photopolymerized thermosensitive poly(HPMAlactate)-PEG-based hydrogels : effect of network design on mechanical properties, degradation, and release behavior
Photopolymerized thermosensitive A-B-A triblock copolymer hydrogels composed of poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide lactate) A-blocks, partly derivatizal with methacrylate groups to different extents (10, 20, and 30%) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) B-blocks of different molecular weights (4, 10, and 20 kDa) were synthesized. The aim of the present study was to correlate the polymer architecture with the hydrogel properties, particularly rheological, swelling, degradation properties and release behavior. It was found that an increasing methacrylation extent and a decreasing PEG molecular weight resulted in increasing gel strength and cross-link density, which tailored the degradation profiles from 25 to more than 300 days. Polymers having small PEG blocks showed a remarkable phase separation into polymer- and water-rich domains, as demonstrated by confocal microscopy. Depending on the hydrophobic domain density, the loaded protein resides in the hydrophilic pores or is partitioned into hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, and its release from these compartments is tailored by the extent of methacrylation and by PEG length, respectively. As the mechanical properties, degradation, and release profiles can be fully controlled by polymer design and concentration, these hydrogels are suitable for controlled protein release
Acrylamides with hydrolytically labile carbonate ester side chains as versatile building blocks for well-defined block copolymer micelles via RAFT polymerization
En route towards improved delivery systems for targeted chemotherapy, we propose a straightforward approach for the hydrophobic modification of the acrylamide N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) acrylamide (HEAm). An ethyl or benzyl group was introduced via a hydrolytically sensitive carbonate ester yielding HEAm-EC and HEAm-BC, respectively. Block copolymers of HEAm, respectively PEG and HEAm-EC or HEAm-BC were successfully synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, obtaining a library of well-defined block copolymers with different degrees of polymerization (DP). To further explore the versatility of our approach in terms of polymer synthesis, self-assembly, drug solubilization and in vitro cell interaction, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyHEAm as hydrophilic polymer blocks were compared. The block copolymers formed micellar nanoparticles (10-100 nm) in PBS and could efficiently solubilize hydrophobic dyes and anti-cancer drugs. Benzyl carbonate ester side chains increased micellar stability and drug loading capacity. Moreover, PEG as hydrophilic block showed in comparison to HEAm more promising results concerning both colloidal stability and drug loading capacity. Confocal microscopy showed that the micelles could efficiently deliver a hydrophobic dye inside the cells. Finally, we also demonstrated efficient formulation of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel with an in vitro cancer cell killing performance comparable or even better than the two commercial PTX nano-formulations Abraxane and Genexol-PM at equal drug dose. In conclusion, modification of HEAm through carbonate linkages offers a versatile platform for the design of degradable polymers with potential for biomedical applications
Light-Triggered Cellular Delivery of Oligonucleotides
The major challenge in the therapeutic applicability of oligonucleotide-based drugs is the development of efficient and safe delivery systems. The carriers should be non-toxic and stable in vivo, but interact with the target cells and release the loaded oligonucleotides intracellularly. We approached this challenge by developing a light-triggered liposomal delivery system for oligonucleotides based on a non-cationic and thermosensitive liposome with indocyanine green (ICG) as photosensitizer. The liposomes had efficient release properties, as 90% of the encapsulated oligonucleotides were released after 1-minute light exposure. Cell studies using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-based splicing assay with HeLa cells showed light-activated transfection with up to 70%β80% efficacy. Moreover, free ICG and oligonucleotides in solution transfected cells upon light induction with similar efficacy as the liposomal system. The light-triggered delivery induced moderate cytotoxicity (25%β35% reduction in cell viability) 1β2 days after transfection, but the cell growth returned to control levels in 4 days. In conclusion, the ICG-based light-triggered delivery is a promising method for oligonucleotides, and it can be used as a platform for further optimization and development
Π₯ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°
ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. Π Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π». Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°- ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Today there are many problems in organizations which lead to difficulties in the management of an enterpriseand in the effective work of the staff. For any company manager it is important that the employee wasconfident, able to think outside the box, initiative, committed, but in most cases such employees are absent ortheir number is limited. There is creative personality in any employee which canβt always be revealed or issimply suppressed. In order for a company to operate effectively, it is important that every employee couldunderstand their problems and find inner harmony, which will allow them to tune into work and perform itefficiently. The technique of holotropic breathwork can help the person to realize their hidden potential. Objective:to determine the significance of the technique of holotropic breathwork in the organization and itsimpact on the employees and the enterprise as a whole. Methods: review of the literature on this subject,data analysis. Results. The findings of this study help to identify the effective methods of holotropic breathworkand the importance of its application in the organization
Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅
Free radical polymerization is often used to prepare protein and peptide-loaded hydrogels for the design of controlled release systems and molecular imprinting materials. Peroxodisulfates (ammonium peroxodisulfates (APS) or potassium peroxodisulfates (KPS)) with N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) are frequently used as initiator and catalyst. However, exposure to these free radical polymerization reagents may lead to modification of the protein and peptide. In this work, we show the modification of lysine residues by ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS)/TEMED of the immunostimulant thymopentin (TP5). Parallel studies on a decapeptide and a library of 15 dipeptides were performed to reveal the mechanism of modification. LC-MS of APS/TEMED-exposed TP5 revealed a major reaction product with an increased mass (+12 Da) with respect to TP5. LC-MS2 and LC-MS3 were performed to obtain structural information on the modified peptide and localize the actual modification site. Interpretation of the obtained data demonstrates the formation of a methylene bridge between the lysine and arginine residue in the presence of TEMED, while replacing TEMED with a sodium bisulfite catalyst did not show this modification. Studies with the other peptides showed that the TEMED radical can induce methyleneation on peptides when lysine is next to arginine, proline, cysteine, aspargine, glutamine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and aspartic acid residues. Stability of peptides and protein needs to be considered when using APS/TEMED in in situ polymerization systems. The use of an alternative catalyst such as sodium bisulfite may preserve the chemical integrity of peptides during in situ polymerization
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