Entwicklung und Darstellung von Strategieoptionen zur Behandlung von Saatgut im ökologischen Landbau

Zur Erzeugung gesunden Saatgutes steht im Öko-Landbau neben präventiven Maßnahmen eine Reihe verschiedener Saatgutbehandlungsverfahren zur Verfügung (physikalische Methoden, Pflanzenextrakte, Naturstoffe und Mikroorganismenpräparate), die jedoch für die zahlreichen, wichtigen Wirt/Pathogen-Kombinationen nicht hinreichend untersucht waren. Inhalt und Ziel dieses Verbundvorhabens war es, Erfolg versprechende, aber hinsichtlich Handhabbarkeit und Wirksamkeit bislang nicht ausreichend untersuchte Varianten zu überprüfen sowie Schwellenwerte zu ermitteln, die eine Saatgutbehandlung indizieren. Um eine schnelle Übertragbarkeit wirksamer Verfahren in die Praxis zu ermöglichen, wurden neben den physikalischen Verfahren überwiegend gelistete Pflanzenstärkungsmittel untersucht. Im vorliegenden Projekt wurden Klimakammer- und Gewächshausversuche angelegt (Projekt 03OE127/3) und Mittel und Verfahren, die sich unter diesen Modellbedingungen für die Praxistestung als geeignet erwiesen, wurden in Feldversuchen überprüft. Für wichtige Wirt/Pathogen-Kombinationen konnten Behandlungsvarianten mit guten Wirkungen gefunden werden, die keine bis geringe negative Auswirkungen auf die Keimfähigkeit hatten. Bei Sommergerste mit Netzflecken oder Streifenkrankheit sowie bei Haferflugbrand konnten nach Behandlung mit Heißwasser, LEBERMOOSER, Ethanol, Milsana flüssig, Serenade und/oder Cedomon gute bis sehr gute Wirkungen erreicht werden. An Winterweizen mit Fusarium spp., Stagonospora nodorum bzw. Schneeschimmel sowie Winterroggen mit Schneeschimmel wurde eine Wirkung vor allem durch FZB 53, Warm- oder Heißwasserbehandlung und LEBERMOOSER erreicht. Von den besonders schwer zu bekämpfenden Krankheiten wurden Anthraknose an Lupine und Ascochyta pisi an Erbse mit Feuchtheißluft reduziert, jedoch war die Wirkung nicht ausreichend

The Role of Predictability During Negation Processing in Truth-Value Judgment Tasks

In experiments investigating the processing of true and false negative sentences, it is often reported that polarity interacts with truth-value, in the sense that true sentences lead to faster reaction times than false sentences in affirmative conditions whereas the same does not hold for negative sentences. Various reasons for this difference between affirmative and negative sentences have been discussed in the literature (e.g., lexical associations, predictability, ease of comparing sentence and world). In the present study, we excluded lexical associations as a potential influencing factor. Participants saw artificial visual worlds (e.g., a white square and a black circle) and corresponding sentences (i.e., “The square/circle is (not) white”). The results showed a clear effect of truth-value for affirmative sentences (true faster than false) but not for negative sentences. This result implies that the well-known truth-value-by-polarity interaction cannot solely be due to long-term lexical associations. Additional predictability manipulations allowed us to also rule out an explanatory account that attributes the missing truth-value effect for negative sentences to low predictability. We also discuss the viability of an informativeness account.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (1020)Peer Reviewe

Untersuchungen zur Wirkung alternativer Saatgutbehandlungen gegen Auflaufschaderreger in Getreide

Since all plant material used for organic farming should have been produced under organic farming conditions, and due to the generally occurring expansion of organic agriculture, the significance of healthy seed in organic farming is increasing. In a joint research project (2004-2006) the currently available as well as some promising methods and substances were tested and evaluated for their use in practice. Results of investigations concerning the control of pathogens affecting field emergence of rye and wheat by different natural products and physi-cal methods are presented. It has been proved that hot water treatment as well as several plant strengthening products (Tillecur®, LEBERMOOSER, Milsana®) and microbial products (Serenade, Cerall) can improve the field emergence and the development of the plants

Stand der Bekämpfung von Brandkrankheiten im ökologischen Getreidebau

With the aim to evaluate the effectiveness of techniques and measures for control of cereal bunts and smuts in organic farming systems, field trials were carried out in multiple locations from 2004 to 2006. The relevant fungal diseases included in the trials were common bunt (Tilletia tritici), dwarf bunt (T. controversa), loose smut (Usti-lago tritici, U. nuda), covered smut (U. hordei) and black loose smut (U. avenae). The following treatments were found to be effective. Common bunt: different physical methods, Tillecur, acetic acid. Loose smut of barley and wheat: warm and hot water treatment, seed treatment with ethanol (more trials needed). Covered smut of barley: warm water treatment, ethanol, Lebermooser. Loose smut of oats: hot water treat-ment, ethanol. Field resistant varieties are available (although in some cases only in limited number) for common bunt, loose smut of wheat and barley and covered smut. The status of varietal resistance against dwarf bunt is only insufficiently known. In case of black loose smut research on resistant varieties is currently being conducted

Leistungsprüfung offen-abblühender Maispopulationen

Auf modernem Zuchtmaterial basierende, offen-abblühende Maispopulationen könnten vor allem für ökologische und Low-Input Anbausysteme eine alternative zu Hybriden darstellen. Im Rahmen des zeitlich befristeten Experiments 2014/150/EU der EU-Kommission wurden 2016 fünf moderne Maispopulationen vom Bundessortenamt zugelassen. In einem BÖLN-Projekt wurden in 2017 und 2018 Leistungsprüfungen aller zugelassenen Maispopulationen (mit Hybriden als Referenzsorten) unter konventionellen und  ökologischen Anbaubedingungen durchgeführt. Wir stellen die Ergebnisse dieser Leistungsprüfungen vor, ziehen Schlussfolgerungen über das agronomische Potential von Maispopulationen und diskutieren zukünftige Perspektiven

An emotionally responsive AR art installation

In this paper, we describe a novel method of combining emotional input and an Augmented Reality (AR) tracking/display system to produce dynamic interactive art that responds to the perceived emotional content of viewer reactions and interactions. As part of the CALLAS project, our aim is to explore multimodal interaction in an Arts and Entertainment context. The approach we describe has been implemented as part of a prototype “showcase ” in collaboration with a digital artist designed to demonstrate how affective input from the audience of an interactive art installation can be used to enhance and enrich the aesthetic experience of the artistic work. We propose an affective model for combining emotionally-loaded participant input with aesthetic interpretations of interaction, together with a mapping which controls properties of dynamically generated digital art. 1

Antianemic Treatment of Cancer Patients in German Routine Practice: Data from a Prospective Cohort Study—The Tumor Anemia Registry

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess current antianemic treatment of cancer patients in German routine practice, including diagnostics, treatments, and quality of life (QoL). 88 study sites recruited 1018 patients at the start of antianemic treatment with hemoglobin (Hb) levels <11 g/dL (females) or <12 g/dL (males). Patients were followed up for 12 weeks. 63% of the patients had inoperable solid tumors, 22% operable solid tumors, and 15% hematological malignancies. Over 85% received chemotherapy. Median age was 67 years; 48% were male. Red blood cell transfusions (RBCTx) were given to 59% of all patients and to 55% of the patients with Hb ≥8 g/dL on day 1 of the observation period (day 1 treatment). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) were the second most frequently applied day 1 treatment (20%), followed by intravenous (IV) iron (15%) and ESA + IV iron (6%). Only about a third of patients were tested for blood serum iron parameters at the start of treatment. Overall, more than half of the patients had long-term responses to antianemic therapy. Our data suggest that in routine practice diagnostics for treatable causes of anemia are underused. A high proportion of cancer patients receive RBCTx. It should be discussed whether thorough diagnostics and earlier intervention could decrease the need for RBCTx. This trial is registered with NCT01795690