Sources of income differences across Chinese provinces during the reform period: a development accounting exercise

China's rapid and uneven growth since 1978 has not eliminated but even re- inforced the persistent income inequality across provinces. While existing literature focuses mainly on the provincial variation in growth performance using cross-province growth regressions or growth accounting, few efforts has been made to directly study the differences in income levels across provinces. This paper explores the proximate causes of cross-province income differences in the framework of development accounting. Rather than assuming a priori values for output elasticities of capital and labor, we estimate them from an aggregate production function using panel data. The accounting results show that differences in total factor productivity (TFP) and in physical capital intensity are both important sources of cross-province income differences, each accounting for roughly half of the variation of income levels.Differences in human capital accumulation explain only a small amount of income differences across provinces. The results are robust to whether or not the assumption of constant returns to scale is imposed, and are valid in the long run. We do not exclude the possibility that interaction between factor accumulation and TFP plays an important role in determining cross-province income differences

Ranking users, papers and authors in online scientific communities

The ever-increasing quantity and complexity of scientific production have made it difficult for researchers to keep track of advances in their own fields. This, together with growing popularity of online scientific communities, calls for the development of effective information filtering tools. We propose here a method to simultaneously compute reputation of users and quality of scientific artifacts in an online scientific community. Evaluation on artificially-generated data and real data from the Econophysics Forum is used to determine the method's best-performing variants. We show that when the method is extended by considering author credit, its performance improves on multiple levels. In particular, top papers have higher citation count and top authors have higher $h$-index than top papers and top authors chosen by other algorithms.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 3 table

Effects of different cropping patterns on maize yield in Lishu, China

Increasing maize yield per unit is the most important measure to address food security issues. Farmers from northeastern China created several cropping patterns to increase maize yield per unit, but which pattern is the best has not been researched systemically. A randomized block design of six cropping patterns and four replicates was used. Six cropping patterns 65cm×65 cm, 40cm×90 cm, 30cm×100 cm, 20cm×110 cm, 2L:0 and 4L:0 respectively were studied. The results showed that all wide and narrow rows patterns and free-sow patterns have higher yield than same spacing patterns, and 30cm×100cm is the optimal pattern to obtain the highest yield followed by 20cm×110cm, 4L:0, 2L:0, 40cm×90cm and 65cm×65cm respectively. According to our survey, more than four-fifths is the same spacing pattern (65cm×65cm) whose yield was 1.5t·ha-1 lower than wide and narrow rows with 30cm×100cm, so if all farmers carried out the 30cm×100cm pattern, food security of China problems will be obviously improved.Increasing maize yield per unit is the most important measure to address food security issues. Farmers from northeastern China created several cropping patterns to increase yield per unit, but which pattern is the best has not been researched. A randomized block design of six cropping patterns and four replicates was used. Six cropping patterns 65cm×65cm, 40cm×90cm, 30cm×100cm, 20cm×110cm, 2L:0 and 4L:0 respectively were studied. The results showed that all wide and narrow rows patterns and free-sow patterns have higher yield than the same spacing patterns, and 30cm×100cm is the optimal pattern to obtain the highest yield, followed by 20cm×110cm, 4L:0, 2L:0, 40cm×90cm and 65cm×65cm respectively. If all farmers carried out the 30cm×100cm pattern, problems on food security in China would be obviously improved. Efeitos de diferentes práticas de cultivo na produtividade domilho em Lishu, ChinaResumoO aumento de rendimento de milho por unidade é a medida mais importante para solucionarproblemas de segurança alimentar. Agricultores do nordeste da China criaram várias práticasde cultivo para aumentar o rendimento por unidade, mas qual pratica é a melhor ainda não foipesquisado. Um delineamento de blocos casualizados de seis padrões de cultivo e quatro repetiçõesfoi utilizado. Seis padrões de cultivo 65 cm × 65 cm, 40 cm × 90cm, 30cm × 100 cm, 20 cm × 110 cm, 2L:0 e 4L: 0, respectivamente, foram estudados. Os resultados mostraram que todas as praticas largas eestreitos em linhas e livres de padrões de semeadura têm maior rendimento o que os padrões de mesmoespaçamento, e 30cm × 100 cm é o padrão ideal para obter o maior rendimento, seguido por 20 cm ×110 cm, 4L: 0, 2L: 0 , 40cm x 90cm e 65 cm × 65 cm, respectivamente. Se todos os agricultores realizassemo padrão de 30cm × 100cm, problemas na segurança alimentar da China seriam melhorados

Sources of income differences across Chinese provinces during the reform period: a development accounting exercise

China's rapid and uneven growth since 1978 has not eliminated but even re- inforced the persistent income inequality across provinces. While existing literature focuses mainly on the provincial variation in growth performance using cross-province growth regressions or growth accounting, few efforts has been made to directly study the differences in income levels across provinces. This paper explores the proximate causes of cross-province income differences in the framework of development accounting. Rather than assuming a priori values for output elasticities of capital and labor, we estimate them from an aggregate production function using panel data. The accounting results show that differences in total factor productivity (TFP) and in physical capital intensity are both important sources of cross-province income differences, each accounting for roughly half of the variation of income levels.Differences in human capital accumulation explain only a small amount of income differences across provinces. The results are robust to whether or not the assumption of constant returns to scale is imposed, and are valid in the long run. We do not exclude the possibility that interaction between factor accumulation and TFP plays an important role in determining cross-province income differences.Income differences;Development accounting;China