Surrogate Motherhood and Tort Liability: Will the New Reproductive Technologies Give Birth to a New Breed of Prenatal Tort

It seems inevitable that new causes of action will evolve as more childless couples resort to the use of the new reproductive methodologies. The prenatal tort claims abounding in precedent today lay a firm foundation for the recognition of a new form of tort liability. This Note will first examine briefly the history of prenatal torts, and present the status of recovery today. The Note will then examine the history and current status of the doctrine of parent-child immunity in the United States. Concentrating on these two concepts, the nature of a tort claim by an injured child for prenatal injuries proximately caused by the surrogate mother\u27s negligent conduct, based upon medical evidence of the effects of inadequate prenatal care on the health of the developing fetus, will be investigated. It will be suggested that the imposition of liability on the negligent surrogate mother is the only just and fair method by which an infant may seek redress for its injuries

Mother is a coed

Includes photographs by Vivian Hansbrough."Mother is not staying at home with her knitting. Instead, she is attending the University with her son or daughter. After being absent from the classroom for a score of years, she finds the going rough at times, with reading lists, laboratory periods, term papers, and objective tests."--Page

Those fascinating insects

"Bugs are just bugs to most people, but not to Wilbur R. Enns, director of the entomological museum at the University. After twenty years of close acquaintance with insects, Dr. Enns has found that they have personalities as varied and as curious as do human beings."--Page 1

Careers unlimited

Mostly photographs."College Career Day, sponsored by the College of Agriculture, has special significance to the Home Economics Department. On that Saturday, students and staff members escort visiting high school seniors through the department, and help to dispel the old idea that home economics is limited to acquiring skills in cooking and sewing. Like their brothers in agriculture, home economists today find their list of possible careers is almost unlimited."--Page

He makes them tick

"Say the name Gordon Nance to Missouri farmers, and they recall the extension economist who visited their communities for 26 years. Say it to industrial managers, and they praise the witty and instructive speeches on economics that he has made from coast to coast. To his colleagues on the University campus, he is a jovial professor of agricultural economics. But mention Gordon Nance's name to Columbians who attend local auction sales, and the response is sure to be, 'Oh, yes, the man who buys clocks.'"--Page

Biliary complications after liver transplantation: With special reference to the biliary cast syndrome and techniques of secondary duct repair

In 93 consecutive cases of orthotopic liver transplantation, there were 24 examples of biliary obstruction and eight of bile fistula formation. Six of the obstructed livers developed biliary cast formation so extensive that the smaller intrahepatic ducts became plugged to an extent that they could no longer have been treated by surgical means. In each of the six cases, the most important causative factor was neglected obstruction of the large bile ducts with the intrahepatic lesions apparently being late and secondary. Stone and/or cast formation also occurred in other obstructed livers in the presence of bile fistulas, but these deposits were limited to the large ducts where they could have been or were removed. Although homograft bile undoubtedly has increased lithogenicity at certain postoperative times, the data from the present study have shown that biliary sludge formation essentially is always associated with defective bile duct reconstruction, and the observations have underscored the urgency with which reoperation must be considered. Techniques of secondary intervention have been described, with emphasis on conversion of cholecystojejunostomy to choledochojejunostomy. This operation has permitted salvage of homografts in eight of nine trials and the survival of seven patients. © 1977

The Tympanis Canker of Red Pine

A new disease of red pine has recently been found in southern Connecticut, Rhode Island, eastern Massachusetts, western and central New York, northern New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania, central Ohio, and southern Michigan. It is of serious consequence only on plantation-grown red pine, but it also occurs occasionally on eastern white pine. On the former host it is characterized by axially elongated, annual main-stem cankers which are always centered at the nodes. Infection takes place through adhering lateral dead branches and the growth of the fungus after it gains entrance to the stem.is usually very rapid-Le., cankers up to three feet in length may be formed in one year\u27s time. Infection of red pine has been found only where the tree has been planted south of its optimum range

Infections Complicating Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Study Emphasizing Graft-Related Septicemia

In 93 recipients of 102 orthotopic liver homografts, the incidence of bacteremia or fungemia exceeded 70%. The graft itself was usually an entry site for systemic infection after both immunologic and nonimmunologic parenchymal injury, especially if there was defective biliary drainage. The role of the homograft itself as the special infectious risk factor has prompted increased use of defunctionalized jejunal Roux limbs to reduce graft contamination. It has also stimulated very aggressive postoperative diagnostic efforts to rule out remedial mechanical complications of the transplant. © 1976, American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Examining Nursing Presence in the Acute Care Setting as an Indicator of Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care

Nursing presence is conceptualized as occurring within the nurse-patient relationship when the nurse acknowledges the uniqueness of the patient, within his or her context of being and chooses to intervene on the patient\u27s behalf with a patient who allows the nurse into a reciprocal relationship. Nursing presence is described as occurring in varying levels and nurse expertise is suggested as one antecedent. Quantification of nursing presence would be useful in examination of nursing care outcomes, quality management and research. The Presence of Nursing Scale, PONS (Kostovich, 2002) was used in this study to test its reliability and determine its validity against a single-item measure of patient satisfaction with the care given by a particular nurse. In the 75-patient sample, the PONS was found to be reliable (Cronbach\u27s alpha = .937). The correlation between the PONS and patient satisfaction with care scores was tested using a Spearman\u27s rho and found to be large and statistically significant, p \u3c 0.01. The relationship between the PONS scores and levels of nurse expertise was explored to explain PONS scores along the scale continuum. A nurse expertise level (NEL) was calculated for the 24 registered nurse participants based on a peer-reported novice to expert skill acquisition level (Benner, 1982), specialty certification, longevity of practice and leadership duties. Qualitative data from participant interviews helped to explain the quantitative findings. In the lower quartile of PONS scores, patients felt as objects of the nurses\u27 work, attended to only when called by the patient. Toward the middle of the scale continuum, patients experienced a professional relationship with their nurse and had confidence in the nurse\u27s skill and knowledge. Nurses reported professional satisfaction in helping patients achieve health care goals. At the higher end of the scale, patients felt watched over and experienced stress reduction and encouragement. The PONS appeared to measure levels of nursing presence in the context of the daily work of the bedside nurse. Specific nursing behaviors were associated with levels of presence, suggesting it is possible to teach a nurse to be present with patients

Orchids go to college

"Professor James E. Smith has pets, and none of his pupils object. In fact, his students do most of the caring for his 350 pet orchids, growing in the horticulture greenhouse."--Page