Reasons for irregular use of ferrous sulfate tablet in women referred to health centers in Bourojen city, 2005-2006

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: خانم های باردار و شیرده از جمله گروههای در معرض خطر ‌کم خونی فقر آهن می باشند. با وجود برنامه مدون در ارتباط با مصرف قرص آهن توسط مادران، آمار به دست آمده نشان میدهد حدود 67 درصد زنان باردار و شیرده قرص آهن را صحیح و منظم مصرف نمی کنند. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی علل مصرف نامنظم قرص آهن در خانم های باردار و شیرده مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر بروجن انجام شد. روش بررسی:در این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی که در مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر بروجن در سال 85-1384 انجام گرفت، 270 نفر خانم که در دوره 16 هفتگی حاملگی الی 2 ماهگی پس از زایمان قرار داشتند به روش دردسترس انتخاب و طی مصاحبه حضوری به سؤالات پرسشنامه حاوی اطلاعات دموگرافیک، چگونگی مصرف قرص آهن، نگرش و عملکرد مادران در این خصوص پاسخ دادند. از آزمونهای کای دو، من ویتنی و ویلکاکسون و کروسکال والیس جهت تجزیه و تحلیل آْماری اطلاعات استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که 1/33 مادران قرص آهن را مرتب و منظم مصرف می کردند، 8/56 نامنظم و 2/10 اصلا مصرف نمی‌کردند. بین مصرف نامنظم قرص آهن و سطح اقتصادی - اجتماعی خانواده و تعداد زایمان ارتبــاط معنی داری وجود نداشت. از علل مصرف نامنظم قرص آهن 4/48 مادران فراموش کردن وعده های مصرف دارو، 4/12 تهوع و استفراغ حاملگی و 4/16 عدم آگاهی نسبت به لزوم مصرف آهن را ذکر کردند. بین تعداد زایمان و یا حاملگی، سن فرد و شاغل بودن با آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد آنان ارتباط معنی دار وجود نداشت (05/0

Explaining the mutual relationship between board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility using the simultaneous equations system

One of the issues that have gained a lot of attention in recent years is the board gender diversity. Many researchers believe that gender diversity in the board reinforces corporate social responsibility and on the other hand, gender diversity is one of the signs and effects of corporate social responsibility in the board, so there is a mutual relationship between board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility that has not been noticed up to this time. Our study fills this gap in literature by using the Simultaneous equations system. We use data from 110 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the 2012 to 2017 period. The results indicate that board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility have a positive and significant effect on each other. As a result, companies can improve their social responsibility by increasing gender diversity in the board, and on the other hand to prove their social responsibility, it is better to use women on the board

A framework for rating corporate social responsibility disclosure.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become one of the standard business practices of our time. For companies, the overall aim is to achieve a positive impact on society as a whole while maximising the creation of shared value for the owners of the business, its employees, shareholders and stakeholders. Consequently, there has also been an increase in the number of social reporting requirements driven by regulatory bodies and stock exchanges around the world that have played a key role in advancing the field of corporate social reporting. The present study contributes to this field and by adopting Delphi method and identifying the dimensions, components and indicators of social responsibility disclosure, a framework for assessing CSR disclosure incorporating 3 dimensions, 22 components and 68 indicators was designed. Then, these dimensions, components and indicators were ranked by using expert’s views and the results show that the ratios of environmental, social and economic dimensions are 0.55, 0.35 and 0.1, respectively. Among the indicators, the measures taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, its technologies, and greenhouse gas elimination criteria with the ratio of 0.06 were considered as the most important indicator. Also, the review of CSR disclosure reports of 330 companies for year 1396 indicates that only 9 out of 68 indicators were disclosed by each of the companies on average, and in the total sample, the highest number of disclosures is related to economic indicators with 1632 cases followed by social indicators with 1490 cases and environmental indicators with only 360 cases, which represent 27.5%, 11.5%, and 7% of the disclosure cases, respectively. Meanwhile, the study shows that 85 of the 330 companies did not disclose any of the environmental indicators, which indicates that some companies still do not pay adequate attention to the most important aspect of social responsibility disclosure

Understanding Key Factors for Creating News Media Brand

The purpose of the present research is to answer the question of what factors influence building a brand for news media. To answer the question, we used the meta-synthesis method. The statistical population of this research is qualitative articles that have been published on the media brand, in particular, the news media brand, between 2000 and 2017. Using content analysis, a total of 87 codes, 18 concepts and 5 categories for the brand of news media were discovered and labeled. Findings showed that the elements of the organization, message, communication, audience, and values are used in creating a brand for news media

Testicular degeneration in Huntington disease

Huntington disease (HD) is an adult onset, neurodegenerative disorder that results from CAG expansion in the HD gene. Recent work has demonstrated testicular degeneration in mouse models of HD and alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in HD patients. Here, we show that HD patients have specific testicular pathology with reduced numbers of germ cells and abnormal seminiferous tubule morphology. In the YAC128 mouse model, testicular degeneration develops prior to 12 months of age, but at 12 months, there is no evidence for decreased testosterone levels or loss of GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus. This suggests that testicular pathology results from a direct toxic effect of mutant huntingtin in the testis and is supported by the fact that huntingtin is highly expressed in the affected cell populations in the testis. Understanding the pathogenesis of HD in the testis may reveal common critical pathways which lead to degeneration in both the brain and testis