Agama dalam Eksistensi Pemahaman Tradisionalis Masyarakat Indonesia: Upaya Membedah Agama Perspektif Tradisional Ektrem dan Antisipasi Konflik Bermotif Agama

Tradisonalis understanding of the existence of religion inIndonesian society is the construction of understanding religion inGeneral. But in this case the starting point of the religiouscommunity's understanding of Indonesia which is still verytraditional in interpreting religion, then there can be remove sojust with the current development of modernity that continues toevolve. See the textual basis of religion that is the hallmark of theIndonesian community, why not, because the large number ofreligious understanding traditionally make the society tend tothink that many radical and fundamental cause of disputesbetween fellow human beings was no exception non islam inIndonesia also became the target of the current religiousmodernity also potentially give rise to religious understandingtextual basis in the application seharai the days thus the authortrying to browse understanding religion in a society traditionallyIndonesia in various pespektif like the socio cultural, economicand political as the base material in the writing of this

The level of IL-1?, IL-10 and IL-17A in Alzheimer's disease patients: Comparative study

The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of cytokines IL-1?, IL-10 and IL-17A in the serum of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and down syndrome (DS). The results showed that Serum level of IL-1? was significantly increased in AD patients (3.79 ± 0.26 pg/ml) as compared with DS patients (2.78 ± 0.39 pg/ml) or controls (2.78 ± 0.22 pg/ml), while no significant difference was observed between AD and VD (3.25 ± 0.20 pg/ml) patients or between VD patients, DS patients and controls. The serum level of IL-10 was approximated in VD and DS patients and controls (3.39 ± 0.24, 2.77 ± 0.39 and 3.41 ± 0.35 pg/ml, respectively), but was significantly (P ? 0.05) increased in AD patients (5.73 ± 0.55 pg/ml) as compared to these groups. The serum level IL-17A was significantly increased in AD and VD patients (6.28 ± 0.35 and 5.32 ± 0.42 pg/ml, respectively) as compared with DS patients (3.75 ± 0.40 pg/ml) or controls (4.05 ± 0.28 pg/ml).IL-10 is important to diffrentiation between AD and VD

Numerical Investigation on Serpentine Flow Field and Rhombus Electrolyte Compartment of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (V-RFB)

Selection of suitable material, fitting for prototype design and pumping rates are three affecting element for cost effectiveness and improve performance of vanadium cell prototype investigation. Therefore, three-dimensional numerical model isothermal computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of vanadium redox flow battery (V-RFB) is studied. In this work, V-RFB with different electrolyte compartments is proposed and the effect of serpentine flow field is investigated. The performance of two V-RFBs with diamond and square electrolyte compartment is numerically tested. This work has been performed to optimize flow rate, electrolyte compartment design, avoid stagnant fluid and flow field application in VRFB. For the simulation, the flow was assumed to be incompressible, isothermal, steady state flow, laminar and Newtonian flow. Results show that the application of flow field and Rhombus type electrolyte compartment can facilitate the distribution of electrolyte in the unit cell uniformity and avoid stagnant in the tank. Simulation results indicate the diamond shape and serpentine flow field at optimal flow rate show the most suitable for V-RFBs than square shape

Optimum Effect of Factors Influencing on Sacrificial Cathodic Protection for Steel Wall

The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) is used to model the sacrificial Cathodic Protection System (SCPS) to find the factors effectiveness behaviour. For protection potential assessment the BBD receives (resistivity of environment, sacrificial anode alloy, distance between anode and cathode and surface area for the structure to be protected) as input and gives the protection potential as output. By applying BBD with their analysis tools we get many results. The important results which are the factors individual effectiveness on the sacrificial cathodic protection (SCP) process are the resistivity which has the greatest effect on the potential protection (rank=1) followed by sacrificial anode alloy type (rank=2), surface area for structure protected required (rank=3) and distance between anode and cathode (rank=4). The interaction of sacrificial anode alloy and cathode area (χ2χ4) has significant effect on CP process with the limits which are used in this work while the other factors interaction (χ1χ2, χ1χ3, χ1χ4,χ2χ3, χ3χ4) has insignificant effect on the limits which used in this work

The Potential of Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) Sludge as an Organic Fertilizer

Palm oil mill contributed a significant benefit to agro-based industry and social-economic for Malaysia. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is considered as a polluted wastewater and the treated POME sludge was produced from the open treatment ponds. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of treated POME sludge and its potential as an organic fertilizer. It was collected from the dumping ponds in Felda Jengka 8, palm oil mill. Physicochemical characteristics, sampling and preparation of samples were analyzed according to the standard method of soil and the wastewater. The samples were collected after one and six month of age with different depths (one, two and three meters). The statistical analysis revealed that the depth was not significant on the physicochemical characteristics. The characteristics of the treated POME sludge was measures using CHNS-O, C/N ratio, solid analysis, heavy metal, macro and micronutrient, moisture content, and pH. However, the elements of oxygen, iron and pH were shown an interaction effects with time. In conclusion, the treated POME sludge has shown significant effect and the potential used as an organic fertilizer. Indeed, further studies on crops response are being conducted to prove the findings

EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT AND VOLUMETRIC CHANGES OF GIGANTOCHLOA SCORTECHINII

M. 2007. Equilibrium moisture content and volumetric changes of Gigantochloa scortechinii. Relative humidity (RH) is known to affect the moisture content (MC) of bamboo but to date, only the maximum shrinkages at the tangential and radial directions were commonly determined. For bamboo to be glue-laminated and used as building components, the hygroscopicity of bamboo split and strip, and its effects on the shrinkage/swelling behaviour in relative humidities between 12 and 93% were studied. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and dimensional changes of Gigantochloa scortechinii (buluh semantan) were determined with the fibre saturation point (FSP) obtained by extrapolation. Experimental EMC values obtained at various levels of RH showed little variation between bamboo split and strip. However the degree of volumetric shrinkage and swelling changes varied between the variables studied. In transverse section, the bamboo strip is relatively stable in shrinkage at lower relative humidity, although during adsorption the volumetric swelling is high. The mean FSP for G. scortechinii was 24.28%. This study showed that the readiness of bamboo to dimensional changes below FSP was of prime concern. By understanding the hygroscopic characteristics and behaviour of G. scortechinii, users would be able to understand the limitations of the material and find alternatives to prevent these changes before it could be used as building components. Keywords: Bamboo, fibre saturation point, volumetric shrinkage and swelling HAMDAN, H., HILL, C. A. S., ZAIDON, A., ANWAR, U. M. K. & ABD. LATIF, M. 2007. Kandungan lembapan seimbang dan perubahan volumetrik Gigantochloa scortechinii. Kelembapan relatif (RH) mempengaruhi kandungan lembapan (MC) buluh tetapi sehingga kini hanya pengecutan maksimum pada arah tangen dan jejari sahaja banyak ditentukan. Bagi buluh untuk dilaminakan dan digunakan sebagai bahan binaan, kajian terhadap ciri higroskopik buluh belah dan buluh jalur serta kesannya terhadap kelakuan pengecutan/ pembengkakan pada kandungan lembapan antara 12% hingga 93% dikaji. Kandungan lembapan seimbang (EMC) dan perubahan dimensi Gigantochloa scortechinii (buluh semantan) ditentukan dan takat tepu gentian (FSP) diperoleh secara ekstrapolasi. Nilai EMC pada pelbagai tahap RH menunjukkan sedikit perbezaan antara buluh belah dengan buluh jalur. Namun darjah perubahan pengecutan dan pembengkakan isi padu berbeza antara pemboleh ubah yang dikaji. Pada keratan melintang, pengecutan buluh jalur secara relatifnya agak stabil pada RH rendah walaupun semasa jerapan air, kadar pembengkakan tinggi. Purata FSP untuk G. scortechinii ialah 24.28%. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor FSP perlu dititikberatkan kerana mempengaruhi perubahan dimensi buluh. Dengan memahami ciri higroskopik dan kelakuan G. scortechinii, pengguna boleh memahami keupayaan bahan tersebut dan mencari pilihan bagi mengurangkan perubahan dimensi sebelum ia boleh digunakan sebagai bahan binaan

The Role of Religion on Suicidal Behavior, Attitudes and Psychological Distress in University Students: A Multinational Study

The purpose of this study was to determine the association of religion to suicidal behavior, attitudes and psychological distress in 5572 students from 12 countries by means of a self-report questionnaire. Our results showed that an affiliation with Islam was associated with reduced risk for suicide ideation, however affiliating with Orthodox Christianity and no religion was related to increased risk for suicide ideation. While affiliating with Buddhism, Catholic religion and no religion associated with lowered risk for attempting suicide, affiliation with Islam was related to heightened risk for attempting suicide. Affiliation with Hinduism, Orthodox Christianity, Protestantism, Catholicism, other religions and with no religion was associated with decreased risk for psychological distress but those reported affiliating with Islam evinced greater risk for psychological distress. The associations of the strength of religious belief to suicidal ideation and attempts were in the expected direction for most but it had a positive relation in respondents affiliating with Catholicism and other religions. Students reporting affiliation with Islam, Orthodox religion and Buddhism were the least accepting of suicide but they displayed a more confronting interpersonal style to an imagined peer with a suicidal decision. It was concluded that the protective function of religion in educated segments of populations (university students) and in university students residing in Muslim countries where freedom from religion is restricted or religion is normative and/or compulsory is likely to be limited. Our findings suggest that public policies supporting religious freedom may augment the protective function of religion against suicide and psychological distress

Suicidal Behavior and Psychological Distress in University Students: A 12-Nation Study. Archives of Suicide Research

This study investigated the prevalence of suicidal behavior and psychological distress in university students across 12 nations. A total of 5572 university students from 12 countries were surveyed about suicide ideation, suicide attempts and psychological distress by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Almost 29% of the samples reported having contemplated suicide and 7% reported attempting suicide. Of the total sample, 51.1% scored above the General Health Questionnaire-12 ≥ 3 cut-off point, 41.6% above the GHQ-12 ≥ 4 cut-off point, and 33.8% scored above the GHQ-12 ≥ 5 cut-off point. While odds of suicide ideation were elevated in Austria and the UK, reduced ORs were detected for China, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Turkey. Similarly, while odds of suicide attempt were high in Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, and to some extent in Turkey, reduced ORs were observed for Austria, China, Italy, Japan and the USA. Elevated ORs for psychological distress were seen in Japan, Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and Turkey but reduced ORs were noted in Austria, China, Iran, Italy and the USA. Psychological distress was strongly associated with reports of suicide ideation and attempts. Suicide ideation, suicide attempt and psychological distress are common in university students but their rates vary depending on the sociocultural context. Due attention should be devoted to the mental health needs of young adults enrolled in higher educational institutions and more cross-cultural research is warranted to better understand the etiology of the observed intersocietal variations in suicidal behavior and psychological distress

Adhesion and bonding properties of low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde-treated plybamboo

This study investigated the adhesion of bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii) strips after impregnation with phenolic resin and the effect of curing time on bonding properties of low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (LMwPF)-treated plybamboo. The optimum pressing time to produce LMwPF-treated plybamboo was also determined. Properties studied included wettablity, buffering capacity, shear strength and wood failure. The study showed that phenolic-treated strips had higher contact angle and, thus, were more difficult to be penetrated by liquid compared with untreated strips. Buffering capacity showed that bamboo strip was stable towards acid. Shear bond strength of the plybamboo met the requirement of BS EN 314-1. The study concluded that the optimum pressing times were 22 and 33 min for three- and five-ply plybamboo respectively to produce good glue joints