Effect of troxerutin on serum glucose level and lactate dehydrogenase activity after exhaustive swimming in male rats

زمینه و هدف: ورزش وامانده ساز منجر به آسیب عضلانی و کاهش منابع انرژی نظیر گلوکز می‌شود. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر مکمل تروگزروتین بر سطح سرمی گلوکز و فعالیت لاکتات دهیدروژناز متعاقب شنا وامانده ساز در موش‌های صحرایی نر بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 32 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار به صورت تصادفی به 4 گروه کنترل، ورزش + 75 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم، ورزش+ 150 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم و ورزش + 300 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم تیمار تروگزروتین تقسیم شدند. کلیه حیوان‌ها به مدت 30 روز تمرین شنا (5 بار در هفته) انجام دادند. تروگروتین به صورت خوراکی روزانه به مدت 30 روز تجویز شد. در روز سی‌ام ورزش شنا وامانده ساز انجام و سطح سرمی گلوکز و فعالیت لاکتات دهیدروژناز اندازه گیری شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که مکمل تروگزروتین به طور معنی‌داری سطح سرمی گلوکز را در مقایسه با گروه کنترل افزایش می‌دهد (001/0>P) و همچنین فعالیت لاکتات دهیدروژناز در گروه ورزش + تروگزروتین (300) در مقایسه با گروه‌های کنترل و ورزش + تروگزروتین )150 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم( کاهش یافت (05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که تروگزروتین می‌تواند تأثیر قابل توجهی در کاهش آسیب عضلانی ناشی از ورزش شنا وامانده ساز داشته باشد

Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Teucrium polium, Descurainia sophia and Artemisia aucheri on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in male rat

زمینه و هدف: سندرم ترک یکی از عوارض خطرناک و بحرانی سوء استفاده از مواد مخدر است و درمان آن از اولویت‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌های بهداشتی و درمانی محسوب می شود. هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره خاکشیر، درمنه و کلپوره بر علائم ناشی از سندرم ترک مورفین می باشد. روش‌ بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 40 سر موش صحرایی نر به چهار گروه مساوی شامل: گروه کنترل که مورفین، نالوکسان و آب مقطر دریافت کردند، گروه وابسته به مورفین و درمان با عصاره خاکشیر ( mg/kg 400)، گروه وابسته به مورفین و درمان با عصاره کلپوره (mg/kg 600) و گروه وابسته به مورفین و درمان با عصاره درمنه (mg/kg 200) تقسیم شدند. گروه‌ها بمدت 7 روز مورفین دریافت کردند. بعد از وابستگی، در روز هفتم، عصاره ها به هر حیوان از طریق یک کاتتر دهانی- معدی داده شد. یک ساعت بعد mg/kg 0/5 نالوکسان بصورت داخل صفاقی تزریق و هر حیوان جداگانه در قفس به مدت چهل دقیقه به صورت مستقیم مشاهده وسپس متغیرهای کیفیت مدفوع، تعداد دفعات دفع، وزن مدفوع، درازکشیدن، خارش و پرش تعیین گردید. یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه تجربی عصاره خاکشیر سبب کاهش معنی ‌دار بر شاخص‌های دراز کشیدن، درصد کاهش وزن و خارش نسبت به گروه کنترل شد. در گروه تحت درمان با عصاره کلپوره، کاهش معنی دار دفعات پرش و دراز کشیدن در مقایسه با گروه کنترل مشاهده شد. عصاره درمنه نیز، شاخص خارش را در مقایسه با کنترل کاهش داد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره ‌های مورد نظر اثر قابل ملاحظه‌‌ای بر کاهش علایم سندرم ترک ناشی از مورفین دارند. مطالعات بیشتری برای تأثیر اثر این گیاهان بر سندرم ترک مورفین توصیه می شود

Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Artemisia aucheri on castor oil-induced diarrhea in male rat

زمینه و هدف: اسهال یکی از مشکلات بهداشتی در سراسر جهان و یکی از شایع ترین علل مرگ در کودکان است. در این پژوهش اثر عصاره درمنه کوهی (aucheri Artemisia) بر اسهال ایجاد شده توسط روغن کرچک مطالعه شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 30 سر موش صحرایی نر به پنج گروه مساوی شامل گروه های دریافت کننده عصاره با دوزهای 50، 100 و 200 (mg/kg)، دیفنوکسیلات (mg/kg 5) و گروه شاهد یا حلال (سرم فیزیولوژی) تقسیم شدند. یک ساعت پس از خوراندن داروها یا حلال در حجم ml/kg 10، روغن کرچک به مقدار 2 میلی لیتر به هر حیوان از طریق یک کاتتر دهانی- معدی داده شد. سپس دفع حیوان جداگانه در قفس به مدت پنج ساعت مشاهده شد و کیفیت، تعداد دفعات و وزن مدفوع تعیین گردید. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون ANOVA و تست تعقیبی Tukey آنالیز شدند و 05/0P< به عنوان اختلاف معنی دار در نظر گرفته شد. یافته ها: دیفنوکسیلات و دوزهای mg/kg 100 و mg/kg 200 درمنه، درصد کاهش وزن حیوانات، تعداد دفعات دفع و وزن کل مدفوع را کاهش دادند (05/0

TRPV1 receptor-mediated expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

Objective(s): Stroke is known as a main cause of mortality and prolonged disability in adults. Both transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) channels and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in mediating the inflammatory responses. In the present study, the effects of TRPV1 receptor activation and blockade on stroke outcome and gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were assessed following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats Materials and Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: sham, vehicle, AMG9810 (TRPV1 antagonist) -treated and capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) -treated. For Stroke induction, the middle cerebral artery was permanently occluded and then behavioral functions were evaluated 1, 3 and 7 days after stroke. Results: TRPV1 antagonism significantly reduced the infarct volume compared to the stroke group. Also, neurological deficits were decreased by AMG9810 seven days after cerebral ischemia. In the ledged beam-walking test, the slip ratio was enhanced following ischemia. AMG9810 decreased this index in stroke animals. However, capsaicin improved the ratio 3 and 7 days after cerebral ischemia. Compared to the sham group, the mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was significantly increased in the stroke rats. AMG9810 Administration significantly reduced the mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4. However, capsaicin did not significantly affect the gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that TRPV1 antagonism by AMG9810 attenuates behavioral function and mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4. Thus, it might be useful to shed light on future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke

Effect of adding Ketamine to the morphine in patients addicted to opioid post orthopedic operation pain

Introduction: Post-operative pain reduction is one of the problems in the patients with preoperative narcotic dependency. Morphine is the most common drugs to control postoperative pain. Due to resistance to morphine and &nbsp;its side effects in addict patients, using of adjuvant drugs such as ketamine has increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding ketamine to morphine in patients addicted to opioid with post orthopedic operation pain. Methods: In a double blind clinical trial, 60 patients undergoing orthopedic operation with history of opioid consumption were randomly divided in 2 groups. Post operation, the first group received morphine 20 mg and the second group received morphine 20 mg + ketamine 100 mg via IV patient-controlled analgesia (IPCA). The pain score as visual analogue scale (VAS), sedation score, and nausea and vomiting were evaluated at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours post operation. SPSS v.20 was used for data analysis. Results: Results showed that dose of morphine consumption in morphine group was significantly increased compared to the morphine + ketamine group (p ˂ 0.001). In addition, only at 12 hours after surgery the mean of pain score in the morphine group was significantly reduced compared to the second group (p = 0.02). The mean of sedation score at 1 (p ˂ 0.001), 6 (p = 0.002), 12 (p = 0.001) and 24 (p ˂ 0.001) hours after surgery in the morphine group was increased compared to the other group. At 1 hour, the mean of nausea and vomiting scores in the morphine group was significantly reduced compared to the morphine + ketamine group (p = 0.024). Conclusion: Addition of ketamine to morphine in the patients with history of opioid consumption reduced using of the morphine. But had no effect on pain and sedation score reduction

Morphine Reduces Expression of TRPV1 Receptors in the Amygdala but not in the Hippocampus of Male Rats

Background: Chronic use of opioids usually results in physical dependence. The underlying mechanisms for this dependence are still being evaluated. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) are important receptors of pain perception. Their role during opioid dependence has not been studied well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of morphine-dependence on the expression of TRPV1 receptors in the amygdala and CA1 region of the hippocampus. Methods: This study used four groups of rats. Two groups of rats (morphine and morphine+naloxone) received morphine based on the following protocol: 10 mg/kg (twice daily, 3 days) followed by 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg (twice daily), respectively, for 4 consecutive days. Another group received vehicle (1 ml/kg) instead of morphine given using the same schedule. The morphine+naloxone group of rats additionally received naloxone (5 mg/kg) at the end of the protocol. The control group rats received no injections or intervention. The amygdala and CA1 regions of the morphine, saline-treated and intact animals were isolated and prepared for real-time PCR analysis. Results: Administration of naloxone induced withdrawal signs in morphine-treated animals. The results showed a significant decrease in TRPV1 gene expression in the amygdala (P<0.05) but not the CA1 region of morphine dependent rats. Conclusion: TRPV1 receptors may be involved in morphine-induced dependence

The Effect of Nicotine Administration on Physical and Psychological Signs of Withdrawal Syndrome Induced by Single or Frequent Doses of Morphine in Rats

Introduction. Morphine addiction and morphine withdrawal syndrome are the two main problems of today’s human society. The present study has investigated the effects of nicotine on the strength of physical and psychological dependency in single and repeated doses morphine administrated rats. Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats were subjected to morphine consumption with single or frequent dose protocols. In the single dose protocol, rats received only one dose of morphine and 24hrs later they also received one dose of nicotine 30 min prior to injection of naloxone. In the repeated dose protocol, rats received incremental doses of morphine for 7 days and 24hr after the last dose (the 8th day) were given naloxone. However, the nicotine regimen of this group was injected 15 min before the morphine injection, for 4 days, from the 4th to the 7th day. Five minutes after naloxone injection, each rat′s behavior was captured for 30 min, and then physical and psychological signs of withdrawal syndrome were recorded. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey tests and p<0.05 was considered as significant difference. Findings. Results showed that the injection of frequent and single doses of morphine lead to morphine dependency. In single dose protocol, nicotine consumption attenuated the signs of withdrawal syndrome, especially weight of excrement and total withdrawal score. In frequent dose protocol, in addition to these effects, nicotine induced weight loss and place aversion. Conclusion. The inhibitory effects of nicotine on signs of withdrawal syndrome may involve a dopaminergic portion of the central nervous system and is mediated by central nicotinic receptors. There is also a cross-dependence between nicotine and morphine

Calcium Dobesilate Reverses Cognitive Deficits and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in the D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mouse Model through Modulation of Oxidative Stress

Funding: This work was supported by grant no. 97175 from the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. It also received support from Memorial Mercè Llort Sender 2021/80/092421.1.The long-term treatment of mice with D-galactose (D-gal) induces the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is a well-accepted experimental model of oxidative stress-linked cognitive disorders in physiological aging. Calcium dobesilate (CaD, Doxium®) is an established vasoactive and angioprotective drug commonly used for the clinical treatment of diabetic retinopathy and chronic venous insufficiency. It has antioxidant properties and controls vascular permeability. In the current study, we evaluated the protective effects of CaD (50 and 100 mg/kg/day p.o.) in male mice treated with D-gal (500 mg/kg/day p.o.) for six weeks. Results demonstrated that body weight loss, anxiety-like and cognitive impairments of D-gal-treated animals were reversed by CaD administration as evaluated by the measurement of mice performance in elevated plus-maze, Y-maze, and shuttle box tests. CaD treatment also inhibited the oxidative stress in aging mouse brains by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities. These results could open new perspectives for the clinical use of CaD in treating and preventing cognitive impairment in older people