Coolant passage heat transfer with rotation

The objective is to develop a heat transfer and pressure drop data base, computational fluid dynamic techniques, and correlations for multi-pass rotating coolant passages with and without flow turbulators. The experimental effort is focused on the simulation of configurations and conditions expected in the blades of advanced aircraft high pressure turbines. With the use of this data base, the effects of Coriolis and buoyancy forces on the coolant side flow can be included in the design of turbine blades

Coolant passage heat transfer with rotation

In current and advanced gas turbine engines, increased speeds, pressures and temperatures are used to reduce specific fuel consumption and increase thrust/weight ratios. Hence, the turbine airfoils are subjected to increased heat loads escalating the cooling requirements to satisfy life goals. The efficient use of cooling air requires that the details of local geometry and flow conditions be adequately modeled to predict local heat loads and the corresponding heat transfer coefficients. The objective of this program is to develop a heat transfer and pressure drop data base, computational fluid dynamic techniques and correlations for multi-pass rotating coolant passages with and without flow turbulators. The experimental effort is focused on the simulation of configurations and conditions expected in the blades of advanced aircraft high pressure turbines. With the use of this data base, the effects of Coriolis and buoyancy forces on the coolant side flow can be included in the design of turbine blades

Thermoluminescence fading studies: Implications for long-duration space measurements in Low Earth Orbit

Within a 1.5 year comprehensive fading experiment several batches of LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs) were studied. The TLDs originated from two manufacturers and were processed by three laboratories using different annealing and readout conditions. The TLDs were irradiated with two radiation modalities (gamma-rays and thermal neutrons) and were stored at two temperatures (-17.4C and +18.5C). The goal of the experiment was to verify the stability of TLDs in the context of their application in long-term measurements in space. The results revealed that the response of all TLDs is stable within 10% for the studied temperature range. No influence of the radiation type was found. These results indicate that for the properly oven-annealed LiF TLDs, fading is not a significant problem, even for measuring periods longer than a year

Cell-wall polysaccharides play an important role in decay resistance of Sphagnum and actively depressed decomposition in vitro

Sphagnum-dominated peatlands head the list of ecosystems with the largest known reservoirs of organic carbon (C). The bulk of this C is stored in decomposition-resistant litter of one bryophyte genus: Sphagnum. Understanding how Sphagnum litter chemistry controls C mineralization is essential for understanding potential interactions between environmental changes and C mineralization in peatlands. We aimed to separate the effects of phenolics from structural polysaccharides on decay of Sphagnum. Wemeasured aerobic microbial respiration of different moss litter types in a lab. We used chemical treatments to step-wise remove the chemical compounds thought to be important in decay-resistance in three taxonomically distant moss genera. We also focused on the effect of Sphagnum-specific cell-wall pectin-like polysaccharides (sphagnan) on C and N mineralization. Removing polymeric lignin-like phenolics had only negligible effects on C mineralization of Sphagnum litter, but increased mineralization of two other bryophyte genera, suggesting a minor role of these phenolics in decay resistance of Sphagnum but a major role of cell-wall polysaccharides. Carboxyl groups of pectin-like polysaccharides represented a C-source in non-Sphagnum litters but resisted decay in Sphagnum. Finally, isolated sphagnan did not serve as C-source but inhibited C and N mineralization instead, reminiscent of the effects reported for phenolics in other ecosystems. Our results emphasize the role of polysaccharides in resistance to, and active inhibition of, microbial mineralization in Sphagnum-dominated litter. As the polysaccharides displayed decay-inhibiting properties hitherto associated with phenolics (lignin, polyphenols), it raises the question if polysaccharide- dominated litter also shares similar environmental controls on decomposition, such as temperature or nutrient and water availabilit

Effects of rotation on coolant passage heat transfer. Volume 1: Coolant passages with smooth walls

An experimental program was conducted to investigate heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of rotating multipass passages, for configurations and dimensions typical of modern turbine blades. The immediate objective was the generation of a data base of heat transfer and pressure loss data required to develop heat transfer correlations and to assess computational fluid dynamic techniques for rotating coolant passages. Experiments were conducted in a smooth wall large scale heat transfer model

Description of nine new centipede species from Amazonia and related matters on Neotropical geophilomorphs (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha)

Nine new species of geophilomorph centipedes, all from Amazonian sites, are described: one species belongs to Ballophilidae (ltyphilus demoraisi n.sp.), three to Geophilidae (Ribautia (Schizoribautia) difficilis n.sp., R. (R.)ducalis n.sp., R. (R.) proxima n.sp.), and five to Schendylidae (Pectiniunguis ducalis n.sp.). The ♂ allotype of Ityphilus crabilli PEREIRA, MINELLI & BARBIERI, 1994 is designated and described. Descriptive data and/or taxonomic comments are given for several Neotropical species of the genus Ribautia: R. (Schizoribautia) montana KRAUS, 1954 is regarded as a good species and redescribed from type material. R.(S.) seydi RIBAUT, 1923, R.(S.) peruana VERHOEFF, 1941 and R.(S.) titicacae TURK, 1955 are regarded here as distinct species. Ribautia silvana KRAUS, 1954 is placed in the subgenus Ribautia (Schizoribautia) and the ♂ holotype is described

Is a combination of varenicline and nicotine patch more effective in helping smokers quit than varenicline alone? A randomised controlled trial

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