20 research outputs found

    Variable-rate speech coding: Replacing unvoiced excitations by linear prediction residues of different phonemes

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    Afin de réduire le débit binaire de la transmission de la parole sans perte de qualité de celle-ci, nous développons un vocodeur qui utilise des méthodes differentes pour le codage des trames voisées et non voisées. Nous présentons ici une nouvelle idée de décrire des phonèmes fricatifs (sifflantes) et plosifs avec seulement 20 bit par trame de t = 20ms. Nous montrons que ces phonèmes peuvent être représentés par des coefficients de la prédiction linéaire combinés avec un signal résiduel extrait d'un autre phonème prononcé par une personne differente connue à la station réceptrice du système de codage (voir figure 1). La présente contribution décrit aussi des algorithmes qui garantissent des transitions douces dans d'autres catégories de phonèmes. En appliquant cette technique on peut considérablement réduire le débit de transmission (jusqu'à 1 kbit/seconde) pour les trames non voisées. Nous obtenons de meilleurs résultats qu'en utilisant des variantes de CELP (prédiction linéaire excitée par une table de codage) à 4 kbit/seconde. La combinaison de ce codage avec des méthodes de codage harmonique (par exemple le MBE: 'Multiband Excitation') pour les trames voisées resulte en un débit binaire variable de moins de 3 kbit/seconde

    Disaster Waste Management: a systems approach

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    Depending on their nature and severity, disasters can create large volumes of debris and waste. Waste volumes from a single event can be the equivalent of many times the annual waste generation rate of the affected community. These volumes can overwhelm existing solid waste management facilities and personnel. Mismanagement of disaster waste can affect both the response and long term recovery of a disaster affected area. Previous research into disaster waste management has been either context specific or event specific, making it difficult to transfer lessons from one disaster event to another. The aim of this research is to develop a systems understanding of disaster waste management and in turn develop context- and disaster-transferrable decision-making guidance for emergency and waste managers. To research this complex and multi-disciplinary problem, a multi-hazard, multi-context, multi-case study approach was adopted. The research focussed on five major disaster events: 2011 Christchurch earthquake, 2009 Victorian Bushfires, 2009 Samoan tsunami, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake and 2005 Hurricane Katrina. The first stage of the analysis involved the development of a set of ‘disaster & disaster waste’ impact indicators. The indicators demonstrate a method by which disaster managers, planners and researchers can simplify the very large spectra of possible disaster impacts, into some key decision-drivers which will likely influence post-disaster management requirements. The second stage of the research was to develop a set of criteria to represent the desirable environmental, economic, social and recovery effects of a successful disaster waste management system. These criteria were used to assess the effectiveness of the disaster waste management approaches for the case studies. The third stage of the research was the cross-case analysis. Six main elements of disaster waste management systems were identified and analysed. These were: strategic management, funding mechanisms, operational management, environmental and human health risk management, and legislation and regulation. Within each of these system elements, key decision-making guidance (linked to the ‘disaster & disaster waste’ indicators) and management principles were developed. The ‘disaster & disaster waste’ impact indicators, the effects assessment criteria and management principles have all been developed so that they can be practically applied to disaster waste management planning and response in the future

    Simulation and rejection of interferences with an airborne multichannel radar

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    La mise en oeuvre de radars cohérents à canaux de réception multiples autorise un traitement du signal à sélectivité spatiale améliorant, dans le cadre de la détection de cibles mobiles, la réjection de l interférence cohérente du sol et des contributions de brouilleurs large bande se propageant en ligne de vue ou par réflexion multitrajet. Dans un premier temps, nous construisons un modèle permettant la génération de données échantillonnées, en bande de base, associées à des cibles, au bruit système et aux interférences mentionnées. A partir de ces signaux synthétiques nous examinons alors plusieurs techniques adaptives de réjection de la réponse cohérente du sol opérant une discrimination en angle et Doppler. Finalement, après avoir considéré les propriétés statistiques du brouillage multitrajet et évoqué le cas irréaliste de sa réjection en l absence d interférence cohérente du sol, nous nous intéressons au filtrage adaptif des données en présence des deux types de bruits colorés.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Spatial projection as a preprocessing step for EEG source reconstruction using spatiotemporal Kalman filtering.

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    International audienceThe reconstruction of brain sources from non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) via source imaging can be distorted by information redundancy in case of high-resolution recordings. Dimensionality reduction approaches such as spatial projection may be used to alleviate this problem. In this proof-of-principle paper we apply spatial projection to solve the problem of information redundancy in case of source reconstruction via spatiotemporal Kalman filtering (STKF), which is based on state-space modeling. We compare two approaches for incorporating spatial projection into the STKF algorithm and select the best approach based on its performance in source localization with respect to accurate estimation of source location, lack of spurious sources, computational speed and small number of required optimization steps in state-space model parameter estimation. We use state-of-the-art simulated EEG data based on neuronal population models, for which the number and location of sources is known, to validate the source reconstruction results of the STKF. The incorporation of spatial projection into the STKF algorithm solved the problem of information redundancy, resulting in correct source localization with no spurious sources, and decreased the overall computational time in STKF analysis. The results help make STKF analyses of high-density EEG, MEG or simultaneous MEG-EEG data more feasible
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