A STUDY OF ARTHAVAVAHA SROTAS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MAITHUNA ASAHISHNUTHA (DYSPAREUNIA)

Understanding the science of Ayurveda is based on proper concept of Tridosha – the Vata, Pitta and Kapha, as these form the physiological control factors. Prakruti, the biological or genetic constitution to a great extent influences each individual, in the way he is, the way he behaves, the way he reacts to certain things there by making a person unique and distinct from one-another. Acharya Sushruta the pioneer in the field of Shareera has gone through evaluating the anatomical structures under the name of Sroto-Shareera, which includes Srotas of Ahara, Dhatu, Mala and Upadhatu like Arthavavaha Srotas. Arthavavahasrotas gets originated from Garbashaya and Arthavavaha Dhamani injury to Arthavavahasrotas results in Vandhyathva, Nastarthava and Maitunaasahisnutha. In his purview it is the local injury to organs of reproductive system which may be due to excessive coitus, repeated curettage, LSCS and thereby, which may result in pelvic adhesions, local infections, tubal block, etc. ultimately leading to Maithunaasahishnutha (dyspareunia). In this study 20 women who were diagnosed as Maitunaasahisnutha selected for assessment of predominant Prakruti based on physiological and anatomical triats. From the statistical analysis it is evident that Kaphaprakruti were more prone for Maithunaashasinutha

Clinical evaluation of the effect of Khanda Kushmanda Avaleha in Rakta Pradara (Abnormal uterine bleeding)

Background: Raktapradara manifesting as excessive bleeding per vagina is seen to be an age old disease known to mankind since the era of Veda and Purana. Excessive and irregular menstrual bleeding condition is similar to Raktapradara a gynaecological condition mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. Rakta Pradara is one among the Rakta Pradoshaja Vikara and characterized by Artava Ati Pravrutti, Deerga Kala Pravrutti, Anruta Kala Pravrutti, Daha in Adho Vankshana Pradesha, Sroni, Prushta and Kukshi, Shoola in Garbhashaya, Angamardha etc. Objectives: To clinically evaluate the effect of Khanda Kushmanda Avaleha in Raktapradara. Materials and Methods: The patients attending the O.P.D. and I.P.D. of S.V.M Ayurvedic Medical College and PG Centre, Ilkal, were randomly divided into 2 groups, Group A was treated with Khanda Kusmanda Avaleha and Group B was treated with Placebo Capsule. Results: Khanda Kushmanda Avaleha cured 12 patients i.e. 85.71% followed by markedly improvement in 2 patients i.e. 14.28%. Placebo capsule mildly improved 61.54% i.e. 8 patients followed by no improvement to 38.46% i.e. 5 patients. Discussion: The effect of therapy on chief complaints in Group A is better than Group B. Percentage wise Khanda Kusmanda Avaleha gave 86.3% relief on duration of blood loss, 85.7% on Interval between two cycles and 58.3% on Amount of total blood loss during one period while Placebo capsule gave 27.2% relief on Duration of blood loss, 20% on Interval between cycle, and 21.05% relief on Amount of blood loss. So, more relief was observed on chief complaints in Group - A i.e. Khanda Kusmanda Avaleha

Concept of Rakta Dhatu w.s.r. to Rakta Pradoshaja Vikara

Dhatu (tissue) is an entity by which sustenance, growth and nourishment of the body takes place. Dhatu are the functional apparatus of the Dosha (body humours). Rakta Dhatu is the 2nd Dhatu. It is produced from the Prasada Bhaga of Rasa Dhatu with the help of Bhutagni and Rasa Dhatwagni. Rakta is word originated Sanskrit word from ‘Raj Ranjane’ meaning is to stain. If white cloth is stained with this Dhatu (tissue) it become red coloured hence it is called as Rakta. As it is one of the seven Dhatu, (tissue) it is present in entire part of the body. However it may present in large quantity in some places & may be functioning specifically in context to some organ. Such places are known as Sthana (location) of the Raktadhatu (Blood) Raktavaha Strotas (channel) is main site of Raktadhatu (Blood). Principle organs of this Strotas are liver & spleen

Mental health status and perceived burden in caregiving spouses of persons with psychotic illness (a study from India)

Mental illness poses a great deal of burden on other family members, particularly the primary caregiver. In the Indian context for a married person with mental illness, the caregiving burden is usually experienced by the spouse, who is considered to be the ‘natural’ option. This quantitative study used survey methodology to assess caregiving burden in fifty spouses of persons diagnosed with a psychotic illness. Data was collected at a neuro-psychiatric facility in Tiruchirappalli, India. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Burden Assessment Schedule were the instruments administered to assess the mental health status of the spouse and their perceived burden. Findings revealed that the majority of spouses were classified as experiencing ‘severe’ and ‘extremely severe’ in terms of their depression, anxiety and stress levels and ‘high’ in terms of perceived burden. The specific ‘type’ of clinical diagnosis, however, did not differentiate the spouses on the key variables studied. The correlation of these key variables with other background variables has also been examined. The implications of the results of this study for psychosocial intervention have also been discussed in this article

String propagation in four-dimensional dyonic black hole background

We study string propagation in an exact, four-dimensional dyonic black hole background. The general solutions describing string configurations are obtained by solving the string equations of motion and constraints. By using the covariant formalism, we also investigate the propagation of physical perturbations along the string in the given curved background.Comment: 19 pages, Tex (macro phyzzx is needed

A tachyonic extension of the stringy no-go theorem

We investigate the tachyon-dilaton-metric system to study the "graceful exit" problem in string theoretic inflation, where tachyon plays the role of the scalar field. From the phase space analysis, we find that the inflationary phase does not smoothly connect to a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) expanding universe, thereby providing a simple tachyonic extension of the recently proved stringy no-go theorem.Comment: TeX file (PHYZZX), 10 pages, change in the title, many changes in the text (the version to appear in Phys. Rev. D

The total neutron production from the alpha induced reaction on natural Zirconium

A significant amount of alpha particles, upto $\sim$ 35 MeV are produced in the reactor environment. Alpha induced reaction on natural Zirconium, a reactor component, upto 40 MeV has been measured using stacked foil activation technique. The total neutron production cross section from all possible channels for $\alpha$ energies upto 35 MeV is also estimated using TALYS 1.96. The isomeric cross section ratio for the production of the radionuclide $^{95}Nb$ has been measured and reported for the first time

Physics Potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles.Comment: 139 pages, Physics White Paper of the ICAL (INO) Collaboration, Contents identical with the version published in Pramana - J. Physic

Increasing Trends of Leptospirosis in Northern India: A Clinico-Epidemiological Study

Leptospirosis is often not suspected by physicians in patients with acute febrile illnesses reporting from supposedly “non-endemic areas,” including north India. Clinical manifestations are protean, and complications can affect most organ systems, including liver, kidneys, lungs, and the central nervous system. Timely diagnosis and specific therapy can reduce severity of illness and, in turn, mortality. In this study conducted at a tertiary care center in north India, we find how a much-neglected disease entity has emerged as a major cause of acute febrile illness in a so called “non-endemic area.” Incidence is increasing yearly. The majority of patients were from a rural background, and were farmers or farm labourers. Poor hygiene, contact with animals, rat infestation of houses, and contact with stagnant dirty water are the major determinants of disease. Apart from the usual symptoms of intermittent fever with chill and rigor, hepatosplenomegaly, renal decompensation, muscle pain and tenderness, and conjunctival suffusion, signs and symptoms indicating involvement of the respiratory and central nervous systems were also commonly observed. Severe complications resulting in mortality do occur and is especially due to late suspicion among primary level physicians, and the resulting inappropriate therapy