The determination of the overall heat loss coefficient in plastic tunnel greenhouses with thermal screens

The experiments were carried out in three semi-cylindrical "tunnel" plastic greenhouses, measuring 6 x 20 m and 3 m high, and covered with double-skinned PE which contained UV+IR stabilizers. The ground surfaces on the floor of all the plastic tunnels were insulated by black PE films and, therefore, the effect of the heat stored in the soil was neglected. The tunnels were not used to grow agricultural crops during the experiments. The thermal screens, made of PE with UV+IR additives and polyester materials, were placed at a height of 2 m in the tunnels, and supported by wires. The tunnels were heated by air heaters. The overall heat loss coefficients of the greenhouses were calculated when the thermal screens were drawn during the cold night periods. The relationships between the overall heat loss coefficient and the wind speed and outside temperature were obtained

Life-Cycle Cost, Cooling Degree Day, and Carbon Dioxide Emission Assessments of Insulation of Refrigerated Warehouses Industry in Turkey

In this study, cooling degree day (CDD) and life cycle cost (LCC) analyses are applied to refrigerated warehouses in Turkey to determine the optimum insulation thickness. The external wall of refrigerated warehouses is considered as a sandwich wall and the insulation material is taken to be expanded polystyrene. Also, the base temperatures are assumed to be-20°C,-18°C,-12°C, 0°C, and 6°C, while coefficient of performance (COP) values are 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, and 2.5. As a result: (1) the insulation thickness is directly proportional to the insulation cost; (2) insulation thickness is inversely proportional to the electricity cost; (3) the maximum annual energy saving is found for a COP of 1.2, and the minimum rate is determined for a COP value of 2.5; (4) the maximum and minimum energy savings are found for-20°C and 6°C, respectively; (5) the maximum total cost is found for COP=1.2; (6) CO2 emissions increase with increases in CDD for the unit surface area; and (7) an increase in COP values reduces CO2 emissions. © 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers

Electricity estimation using genetic algorithm approach: a case study of Turkey

This paper describes the use of stochastic search processes that are the basis of genetic algorithms (GAs), in developing Turkey's electric energy estimation. The industrial sector electricity consumptions and the totals are estimated, based on the basic indicators of the gross national product, population, import and export figures. Two different non-linear estimation models are developed using GA. Developed models are validated with actual data, while future estimation of electricity demand is projected between 2002 and 2025. It may be concluded that the both GAs can possibly be applied to estimate electric energy consumption. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Gold nanoparticles loaded TNF-alpha and CALNN peptide as a drug delivery system and promising therapeutic agent for breast cancer cells

We investigated the anti-cancer properties of gold nanoparticles loaded TNF- and CALNN peptides, which we proposed as a potential drug delivery system using in vitro and in vivo models. The binding of GNPs-TNF- and GNPs-TNF-CALNN was characterized using a UV, ELISA and SEM analysis. The outcomes demonstrated that a novel drug delivery system had an anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cell lines through a mechanism of apoptosis induction. In vivo model involved studying the cytotoxic influence of a drug delivery system GNPs, GNPs-TNF-alpha and GNPs-TNF-alpha-CALNN when applied to the transplanted AN-3 cell line. tumor sections were examined using microarray. In-vivo studies demonstrated that GNPs alone had less of a growth inhibitory effect on tumors implanted in mice when compared to GNPs-TNF-CALNN combined therapy. The cytotoxic assay showed that GNPs, GNPs-TNF-alpha and GNPs-TNF-alpha-CALNN exhibit selective toxicity towards cancer cells, inducing cell apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 and 7, p53 protein