Prevalence of bovine mastitis in the Anaime Canyon, a Colombian dairy region, including etiology and antimicrobial resistance

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de mastitis bovina y la resistencia antimicrobiana de los patógenos involucrados en una región lechera de Colombia. Los cuartos mamarios de 348 vacas fueron examinados y evaluados mediante la prueba de California para el diagnóstico de mastitis (CMT). Las muestras positivas a CMT se cultivaron para el aislamiento bacteriológico y susceptibilidad a antibióticos mediante el método de difusión en disco. El análisis de los resultados se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y relación de prevalencia. Los resultados indican que 158 (45.4%) de las vacas fueron positivas para CMT. Se encontró mastitis clínica en siete vacas (2.0%) y mastitis subclínica en 151 vacas (43.4%). El grupo estafilococo coagulasa-negativo (SNC) fue el principal patógeno encontrado en el 46.7% de los aislamientos, seguido de Staphylococcus aureus (31.1%) y Streptococcus spp (20.7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae y E. coli tuvieron una baja ocurrencia (0.5%). CNS, Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus spp presentaron un alto grado de resistencia a penicilina G y a eritromicina, además de multirresistencia.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis and the antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens involved in a dairy region of Colombia. Mammary quarters of 348 cows were examined and evaluated using the California Mastitis Test(CMT). CMT-positive samples were cultured for bacteriological isolation and susceptibility to antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Descriptive statistics and prevalence ratio were calculated. The results indicate that 158 (45.4%) of the cows were positive for CMT. Clinical mastitis was found in seven cows (2.0%) and subclinical mastitis in 151 cows (43.4%). The coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) group was the main pathogen found in 46.7% of the isolates, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (31.1%) and Streptococcus spp (20.7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli had a low occurrence (0.5%). CNS, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp presented a high degree of resistance to penicillin G and erythromycin, in addition to multiresistance

Estado de inmunidad humoral posvacunal de caninos y felinos en un foco de rabia canina de origen silvestre de una región de Colombia

The aim of this study was to determine the post-vaccine response of canines and felines of the municipality of San Sebastián de Mariquita, Colombia, which presented in 2014 a fatal case of canine rabies due to atypical bat variant. A cross-sectional and non-experimental sampling by convenience was carried out on 130 canines and 38 felines from the rural and urban area of ​​the municipality. Blood samples were taken. The anti-rabies antibody titration was done using the ELISA kit (Platelia Rabies II Kit Ad Usum Veterinarium) approved by the OIE for the detection and titration of IgG antibodies against the glycoprotein of the virus. The classification categories (protection status) were established as Protected (> 0.5 IU/ml), Insufficient protection (>0.1 - <0.5 IU/ml) and Unprotected (<0.1 IU/ml). Results showed that 40% (52) of the canines obtained titles corresponding to the protected category, 59% (77) to the insufficient protection category and 1% (1) to the unprotected category. The felines presented a similar percentage distribution among the categories: protected 34% (13), insufficient protection 32% (12) and unprotected 34% (13).El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la respuesta posvacunal de caninos y felinos del municipio de San Sebastián de Mariquita, Colombia, que presentó en 2014 un caso fatal de rabia canina por variante atípica de murciélago. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia, de corte transversal y no experimental a 130 caninos y 38 felinos de la zona rural y urbana del municipio citado. Se tomaron muestras de sangre y para la titulación de anticuerpos antirrábicos se utilizó un kit de ELISA (Platelia Rabies II Kit Ad Usum Veterinarium) aprobado por la OIE para la detección y titulación de anticuerpos Ig G contra la glicoproteína del virus. Las categorías de clasificación (estado de protección) fueron establecidas como Protegido (>0.5 UI/ml), Insuficiente protección (>0.1 - <0.5 UI/ml) y Sin protección (<0.1 IU/ml). El 40% (52) de los caninos obtuvieron títulos correspondientes a la categoría protegidos, 59% (77) insuficiente protección y 1% (1) sin protección. Los felinos presentaron una distribución porcentual similar entre las categorías: protegido 34% (13), insuficiente protección 32% (12) y sin protección 34% (13)

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Agricultura familiar en Colombia y resiliencia de los sistemas productivos rurales

El presente estudio pretende reconocer los aportes que la agricultura familiar a la resiliencia de los sistemas productivos rurales. Mediante estudio de caso en las unidades de agricultura familiar en conjunto con técnicas de diagnóstico Rural Participativo desarrolladas con los integrantes de la asociación de futuros agricultores de Colombia, ubicados en el Cañón del Combeima de Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia, y utilizando como marco teórico de análisis la multifuncionalidad de los sistemas productivos en cinco de sus dimensiones: social, ecológico, productivo, económico y cultural; se encontró que sistemas de economía familiar sin una arraigada identidad cultural por la tierra, pero con prácticas productivas sin deterioro de esta y con una fuerte red familiar articulada al proceso productivo, es lo que les permite a las familias desenvolverse entre los mercados locales y los mercados mayoristas y en tiempos difíciles subsistir de su parcela. Se concluyó que es la intrincada red de interrelaciones sociales, ecológicas, productivas y culturales, la que permite la resiliencia de estos sistemas y donde dependiendo de las condiciones de cada núcleo productivo familiar se generan oportunidades productivas propias que le han permitido subsistir a lo largo de estos años.The aim of this study is to recognize the contributions that family farming makes over the resilience of rural productive systems. Through a case study in family farming units in conjunction with Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques carried out with the members of the association of future Colombian farmers, located in the Combeima Canyon of Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia, and using for the analysis the theoretical framework of productive systems multifunctionality in five of its dimensions: social, ecological, productive, economic and cultural; it has been found that family economy systems without a deep-rooted cultural identity for the land, but with productive practices without deterioration of the land and with a strong network family articulated to the productive process, it has allowed families to negotiate between local markets and wholesale markets and in difficult times subsist on their plot. It was concluded that the intricate network of social, ecological, productive and cultural interrelations, is which allows the resilience of these systems, and depending on the conditions of each productive family nucleus, their own productive opportunities are generated that has allowed them to subsist throughout this years.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000626783https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-4050https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9096-8215AQUAnorma.gutierrez@[email protected]://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7Ns2btEAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=srahttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AGNZ2qcAAAAJ&hl=e

Frequency and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Coagulasenegative Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Dairy Farms from Tolima, Colombia

Objective: To determine the antimicrobial presence and susceptibility of the coagulase-negative staphylococci group (ECN, for its initials in Spanish) in some cattle farms from Tolima, Colombia. Materials and methods: Using the California test for the diagnosis of mastitis (CMT, for its initials in Spanish), 484 quarters belonging to 121 cows from five small production ranches from a region of central Tolima were evaluated. CMT positive samples were cultivated for bacterial isolation. The ECN found were tested for susceptibility to the antibiotics. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: 252 (52%) quarters did not show any type of reaction to the CMT, nor did they show any clinical signs of mastitis, therefore they were considered free of the disease. From the quarters, 73 (15%) turned positive for CMT and bacteriological culture. From these, 36 strains of ECN were isolated (7.4% of the total of quarters); S. aureus-ECP, 28 (5.8%); Streptococcus spp., 6 (1.2%).; Escherichia coli, 2 (0.4%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 (0.2%). The clinical and subclinical mastitis in the quarter occurred in 1.4% and 13.6%, respectively. In 5 (1.0%) of the quarters, clinical mastitis caused by ECN was found and subclinical mastitis in 31 (6.4%). 61% of the ECN strains were resistant to penicillin, and 58%, to tetracycline; 97% were sensitive to cefoperazone. Conclusion: The ECN group, considered a global emergent of mastitis, is evidenced with high frequency in ranches from Tolima, Colombia, causing clinical and subclinical mastitis with varied response to antimicrobials

Frecuencia y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana del estafilococo coagulasa negativo aislado de mastitis bovina en fincas lecheras del Tolima, Colombia

Objective: To determine the antimicrobial presence and susceptibility of the coagulase-negative staphylococci group (ECN, for its initials in Spanish) in some cattle farms from Tolima, Colombia. Materials and methods: Using the California test for the diagnosis of mastitis (CMT, for its initials in Spanish), 484 quarters belonging to 121 cows from five small production ranches from a region of central Tolima were evaluated. CMT positive samples were cultivated for bacterial isolation. The ECN found were tested for susceptibility to the antibiotics. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: 252 (52%) quarters did not show any type of reaction to the CMT, nor did they show any clinical signs of mastitis, therefore they were considered free of the disease. From the quarters, 73 (15%) turned positive for CMT and bacteriological culture. From these, 36 strains of ECN were isolated (7.4% of the total of quarters); S. aureus-ECP, 28 (5.8%); Streptococcus spp., 6 (1.2%).; Escherichia coli, 2 (0.4%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 (0.2%). The clinical and subclinical mastitis in the quarter occurred in 1.4% and 13.6%, respectively. In 5 (1.0%) of the quarters, clinical mastitis caused by ECN was found and subclinical mastitis in 31 (6.4%). 61% of the ECN strains were resistant to penicillin, and 58%, to tetracycline; 97% were sensitive to cefoperazone. Conclusion: The ECN group, considered a global emergent of mastitis, is evidenced with high frequency in ranches from Tolima, Colombia, causing clinical and subclinical mastitis with varied response to antimicrobials.Objetivo: Determinar a presença e susceptibilidade antimicrobiana do grupo estafilococo coagulase negativo (ECN) em algumas fazendas de gado do Tolima, na Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Mediante a prova de Califórnia para o diagnóstico de mastite (CMT), se avaliaram 484 quartos pertencentes a 121 vacas de cinco fazendas de gado de pequena produção de uma região do centro do Tolima. As amostras positivas ao CMT se cultivaram para isolamento bacteriológico. Aos ECN encontrados foram-lhes realizadas provas de susceptibilidade diante dos antibióticos. Os resultados se analisaram com estatística descritiva. Resultados: 252 (52 %) quartos não apresentaram nenhum tipo de reação ao CMT, nem signos clínicos de mastite, razão pela qual foram considerados livres da doença. Dos quartos, 73 (15 %) foram positivos para CMT e cultivo bacteriológico. Destes se isolaram 36 cepas de ECN (7,4 % do total de quartos); S. aureus-ECP, 28 (5,8 %); Streptococcus spp., 6 (1,2 %); Escherichia coli, 2 (0,4 %), e Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 (0,2 %). A mastite clínica e subclínica no quarto se apresentaram em 1,4 % e 13,6 %, respectivamente. Em 5 (1,0 %) dos quartos se encontrou mastite clínica causada por ECN e mastite subclínica em 31 (6,4 %). Em 61 % das cepas de ECN foram resistentes à penicilina, e o 58 %, à tetraciclina; o 97 % foram sensíveis à cefoperazona. Conclusão: o grupo ECN, considerado um emergente mundial de mastite, é evidenciado com alta frequência em fazendas de gado do Tolima, na Colômbia, o que causa mastite clínica e subclínica com variada resposta aos antimicrobianos.Objetivo: Determinar la presencia y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana del grupo estafilococo coagulasa negativo (ECN) en algunas fincas ganaderas de Tolima, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Mediante la prueba de California para el diagnóstico de mastitis (CMT), se evaluaron 484 cuartos pertenecientes a 121 vacas de cinco fincas ganaderas de pequeña producción de una región del centro de Tolima. Las muestras positivas al CMT se cultivaron para aislamiento bacteriológico. A los ECN encontrados se les realizaron pruebas de susceptibilidad frente a los antibióticos. Los resultados se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: 252 (52 %) cuartos no presentaron ningún tipo de reacción al CMT, ni signos clínicos de mastitis, por lo cual se consideraron libres de la enfermedad. De los cuartos, 73 (15 %) fueron positivos para CMT y cultivo bacteriológico. De estos se aislaron 36 cepas de ECN (7,4 % del total de cuartos); S. aureus-ECP, 28 (5,8 %); Streptococcus spp., 6 (1,2 %); Escherichia coli, 2 (0,4 %), y Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 (0,2 %). La mastitis clínica y subclínica en el cuarto se presentó en 1,4 % y 13,6 %, respectivamente. En 5 (1,0 %) de los cuartos se encontró mastitis clínica causada por ECN y mastitis subclínica en 31 (6,4 %). El 61 % de las cepas de ECN fue resistente a penicilina, y el 58 %, a tetraciclina; el 97 % fue sensible a cefoperazona. Conclusión: El grupo ECN, considerado un emergente mundial de mastitis, es evidenciado con alta frecuencia en fincas ganaderas de Tolima, Colombia, lo que causa mastitis clínica y subclínica con variada respuesta a los antimicrobianos

Frecuencia y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana del estafilococo coagulasa negativo aislado de mastitis bovina en fincas lecheras del Tolima, Colombia

Acceso restringido. La emergencia de Estafilococo coagulasa negativo a nivel mundial fue corroborado en los resultados de este estudio en la región lechera de Anaime Tolima Colombia, donde no se habían realizado estudios de este tipo.Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la presencia y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana del grupo estafilococo coagulasa negativo (ECN) en algunas fincas ganaderas de Tolima, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Mediante la prueba de California para el diagnóstico de mastitis (CMT), se evaluaron 484 cuartos pertenecientes a 121 vacas de cinco fincas ganaderas de pequeña producción de una región del centro de Tolima. Las muestras positivas al CMT se cultivaron para aislamiento bacteriológico. A los ECN encontrados se les realizaron pruebas de susceptibilidad frente a los antibióticos. Los resultados se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: 252 (52%) cuartos no presentaron ningún tipo de reacción al CMT, ni signos clínicos de mastitis, por lo cual se consideraron libres de la enfermedad. De los cuartos, 73 (15%) fueron positivos para CMT y cultivo bacteriológico. De estos se aislaron 36 cepas de ECN (7,4% del total de cuartos); S. aureus-ECP, 28 (5,8%); Streptococcus spp., 6 (1,2%); Escherichia coli, 2 (0,4%), y Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 (0,2%). La mastitis clínica y subclínica en el cuarto se presentó en 1,4% y 13,6%, respectivamente. En 5 (1,0%) de los cuartos se encontró mastitis clínica causada por ECN y mastitis subclínica en 31 (6,4%). El 61% de las cepas de ECN fue resistente a penicilina, y el 58%, a tetraciclina; el 97% fue sensible a cefoperazona. Conclusión: El grupo ECN, considerado un emergente mundial de mastitis, es evidenciado con alta frecuencia en fincas ganaderas de Tolima, Colombia, lo que causa mastitis clínica y subclínica con variada respuesta a los [email protected]@campusucc.edu.c

Plan básico de manejo ambiental finca Playa Baja (Armero Guayabal-Tolima)

La Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia a través de los programas de Ingeniería Civil y Medicina Veterinaria aportan a los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible generando soluciones que mejoren la calidad de vida de las comunidades, es así como realiza el plan básico de manejo ambiental para la finca Ganadera Playa Baja, localizada en la zona rural de la vereda Méndez municipio de Guayabal, trabajo realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigación “MAS CARNE - Estrategias para la generación de valor en sistemas ganaderos de carne bovina del Tolima mediante la implementación de nutrición de precisión, eficiencia reproductiva y gestión empresarial”. cuyo objetivo es Formular el plan básico de manejo ambiental para la finca ganadera playa baja ubicada en zona rural de la vereda Méndez, municipio de Guayabal Tolima.The Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia through the programs of Civil Engineering and Veterinary Medicine contribute to the objectives of sustainable development by generating solutions that improve the quality of life of communities, this is how the basic environmental management plan for the Playa Baja cattle farm, located in the rural area of the village of Mendez municipality of Guayabal, work done under the research project "MAS CARNE - Strategies for the generation of value in beef cattle systems in Tolima through the implementation of precision nutrition, reproductive efficiency and business management". whose objective is to formulate the basic environmental management plan for the playa baja cattle ranch located in the rural area of Méndez, municipality of Guayabal Tolima.Introducción. -- 1. Información general de la finca playa baja. -- 1.1 Información de la propiedad. -- 1.2 Razón social. -- 1.3 Nombre del representante legal. -- 1.4 Ubicación geográfica de la finca. -- 1.5 Denominación de la finca. -- 2. Marco de referencia. -- 2.1 Marco conceptual. -- 2.2 Marco normativo . -- 3. Objetivos. -- 3.1 Objetivo general. -- 3.2 Objetivos específicos. -- 4. Diagnóstico ambiental. -- 4.1 Clima e hidrografía. -- Temperatura. -- 4.2 Geología. -- 4.3 Cobertura vegetal . -- Coberturas. -- 4.4 Fauna . -- 4.5 Vías de acceso. -- Infraestructura vial. -- 4.6 Infraestructura física. -- Casa principal. -- Zona de almacenamiento. -- Zona de corrales. -- Zona de embarcadero. -- Zona de bebederos. -- Zona de saleros. -- Identificación de actividades que se realizan en la finca. -- 5. Estudio de evaluación ambiental. -- 5.1 Identificación y análisis de impactos ambientales. -- 6. Formulación del plan básico de manejo ambiental. -- Bibliografía. --https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000583529https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001405858https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000626783https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000640212https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000070636https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7063-3159https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9096-8215https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-0849https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5537-278XAQUAyelena.hernandez@[email protected]@campusucc.edu.coalexander.alvarezr@[email protected]://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=hxQBnq8AAAAJhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=1X6lG9AAAAAJhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=UBKgYGEAAAA

Plan básico de manejo ambiental Finca Ganadera Casa Loma (Natagaima – Tolima)

La Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia a través de los programas de Ingeniería Civil y Medicina Veterinaria aportan a los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible generando soluciones que mejoren la calidad de vida de las comunidades, es así como realiza el plan básico de manejo ambiental para la finca ganadera Casa Loma localizada en la vereda Velu municipio de Natagaima,trabajo que se realiza en el marco del proyecto de investigación “MAS CARNE - Estrategias para la generación de valor en sistemas ganaderos de carne bovina del Tolima mediante la implementación de nutrición de precisión, eficiencia reproductiva y gestión empresarial”The Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, through its Civil Engineering and Veterinary Medicine programs, contributes to the objectives of sustainable development by generating solutions that improve the quality of life of the communities. This is how the basic environmental management plan for the Casa Loma cattle ranch located in the Velu district, municipality of Natagaima, is being carried out within the framework of the research project "MAS CARNE - Strategies for the generation of value in beef cattle systems in Tolima through the implementation of precision nutrition, reproductive efficiency and business management".https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000583529https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001405858https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000626783https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000640212https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000070636https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7063-3159https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9096-8215https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-0849https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5537-278XAQUAyelena.hernandez@[email protected]@campusucc.edu.coalexander.alvarezr@[email protected]://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=hxQBnq8AAAAJhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=1X6lG9AAAAAJhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=UBKgYGEAAAA