20,821 research outputs found
A review of the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and psychopathic traits: is the EI construct a mediator between aggression and psychopathy?
Background: In spite of their normal intelligence, individuals with psychopathic traits
are usually characterized as having numerous troubles with social and emotional facets
in their daily. These deficits that make complicated their adaptation could be related with
deficiencies in their Emotional Intelligence (EI) or their ability to perceive, use,
understand and regulate emotions.
Aims: The aim of the present study is to review the existing evidence of the relationships
between EI and the population with psychopathy traits for a better understanding of the
emotional problems of these individuals. As well as to looking for evidence of EI as a
possible mediator between psychopathy and the aggressive behavior.
Methods: Scopus and Medline were searched for finding relevant articles in Spanish and
English. Articles with psychopathic trait populations of all ages assessed through different
scales were accepted when they were measured together with a self-report or an ability
EI test.
Results: These studies provide some evidences that participants with psychopathic traits
have lower EI than control participants in almost all the articles found. Specifically, it
seems that the secondary psychopathy and their impulsivity trait are the most related
aspect of these construct with EI. Besides, the gender and age variables seems to play
some roles in the link between EI and psychopathy. For its parts, some studies show
evidence of the positive relationship between psychopathy and aggressive behavior as in
a negative relation between EI and antisocial conduct. However, none of the reviewed
articles stablish EI as a mediator variable.
Conclusions: The results obtained from the review could be of special importance for
future treatment of psychopathic population as well as for the prevention of a possible
disruptive behavior in their adolescence or adulthood. Given that a deficit in EI is
achieved for psychopath, an EI intervention could act as a protective factor by reducing
their emotional and social shortages or prevent them if the training is implemented in an
early period of their life and, therefore, improving their inappropriate behavior.
Nonetheless, future research is necessary for a better understanding of the role of EI as a
mediator between psychopathy and aggression.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Dynamic Inefficiency in an Overlapping Generation Economy with Pollution and Health Costs
We analyze an overlapping generations model in which pollution arises, in an accumulative way, from production. Households do not care directly about the environment, however pollution makes them incur health costs when they are elderly. We show that the presence of pollution makes the economy more likely to be dynamically inefficient. For these cases we analyze two kinds of tax scheme: one based on production taxes and the other based on capital and wage taxes. We show how to design both schemes in order to put the economy into the golden rule allocation. We also show that under the production tax scheme young and elderly agents pay less taxes (or receive more transfers) than under the capital and wage tax system.Dynamic inefficiency, Externalities, Health costs, Overlapping generations, Pollution, Taxes.
Partial extinction did not diminish spontaneous recovery after 24-hour retention interval
Fear extinction is not permanent but it may suffer from different forms of relapse. One strategy potentially useful to diminish relapse is the partial extinction treatment, according to which, extinction may be potentiated if a gradual and sparse number of CS-US pairings are introduced within the extinction treatment. The present study, using a differential fear conditioning paradigm, tries to evaluate the efficacy of partial extinction to reduce a specific form of relapse, spontaneous recovery, after a 24 h. retention interval. The results showed that partial extinction did not diminish spontaneous recovery when compared with standard extinction. From a theoretical point of view, the pattern of results found was more consistent with the idea that extinction entails the acquisition of new knowledge than with the idea that there are conditions in which extinction entails the erasure of the original acquisitionUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
IT integration, operations flexibility and performance: an empirical study
Purpose: This study examines the relationship between IT implementation and performance
with manufacturing flexibility based on a sample drawn from a set of manufacturing firms.
Design/methodology/approach: The relationships were analyzed using structural equations
modelling (SEM) using EQS 6.2 software. Previously, an explanatory factor analysis confirmed
one-dimensionality of the scales, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to evaluate its internal
consistency and a confirmatory factor analysis was run to observe scales’ validity.
Findings: This research proves a significant positive and direct effect of IT implementation on
operations performance with 4 out of 6 flexibility dimensions (Machine, Labour, Material
handling and Volume). Mix and Routing flexibility dimensions show no significant impact on
firm performance.
Research limitations/implications: It is necessary to be cautious when generalizing this
findings these findings, as service firms were not part of the sample even when statistical results
prove robustness suggesting that the findings are quite reliable. Some flexibility dimensions show
no significant impact in performance (Routing and Mix flexibility). This is consistent with the fact
that these flexibility dimensions act as variability absorbers within the manufacturing process.
Future research lines: Future studies can focus on determining further internal and
environmental factors that affect operations flexibility according to specific sector characteristics.
Originality/value: This research proves a significant positive and direct effect of IT
implementation on operations performance. Results show not only the links between IT
implementation and operations performance, but also the magnitude of every impact. The model
considers IT integration as the degree of alignment that existing technology resources in a firm
have with the business strategy, in terms of importance and support for this strategyPeer Reviewe
Dynamic Inefficiency in an Overlapping Generation Economy with Pollution and Health Costs
Revised 2008-08.-- Published as an article in: Journal of Public Economic Theory (2008), 10(4), 563-594.externalities, health costs, dynamic inefficiency, overlapping generations, pollution
Endogenous fisheries management in a stochastic model: Why do fishery agencies use TAC
The aim of this paper is to explain under which circumstances using TACs as instrument to manage a fishery along with fishing periods may be interesting from a regulatory point of view. In order to do this, the deterministic analysis of Homans and Wilen (1997)and Anderson (2000) is extended to a stochastic scenario where the resource cannot be measured accurately. The resulting endogenous stochastic model is numerically solved for finding the optimal control rules in the Iberian sardine stock. Three relevant conclusions can be highligted from simulations. First, the higher the uncertainty about the state of the stock is, the lower the probability of closing the fishery is. Second, the use of TACs as management instrument in fisheries already regulated with fishing periods leads to: i) An increase of the optimal season length and harvests, especially for medium and high number of licences, ii) An improvement of the biological and economic variables when the size of the fleet is large; and iii) Eliminate the extinction risk for the resource. And third, the regulator would rather select the number of licences and do not restrict the season length.TAC, season lengths, fisheries management, stock uncertainty
Why Economists Reject Long-Term Fisheries Management Plans?
Most fisheries agencies conduct biological and economic assessments independently. This independent conduct may lead to situations in which economists reject management plans proposed by biologists. The objective of this study is to show how to find optimal strategies that may satisfy biologists and economists' conditions. In particular we characterize optimal fishing trajectories that maximize the present value of a discounted economic indicator taking into account the age-structure of the population as in stock assessment methodologies. This approach is applied to the Northern Stock of Hake. Our main empirical findings are: i) Optimal policy may be far away from any of the classical scenarios proposed by biologists, ii) The more the future is discounted, the higher the likelihood of finding contradictions among scenarios proposed by biologists and conclusions from economic analysis, iii) Optimal management reduces the risk of the stock falling under precautionary levels, especially if the future is not discounted to much, and iv) Optimal stationary fishing rate may be very different depending on the economic indicator used as reference.fisheries management, age-structured models, discounting, Fmsy, Fmax, northern stock of hake
Lessons from the northern hake long-term management plan: Could the economic assessment have accepted it?
An economic expert working group (STECF/SGBRE-07-05) was convened in 2007 for evaluating the potential economic consequences of a Long-Term Management Plan for the northern hake. Analyzing all the scenarios proposed by biological assessment, they found that keeping the F in the status quo level was the best policy in terms of net present values for both yield and profits. This result is counter intuitive because it may indicate that effort costs do no affect the economic reference points. However, it is well accepted that the inclusion of costs affects negatively the economic reference points. In this paper, applying a dynamic agestructured model to the northern hake, we show that the optimal fishing mortality that maximizes the net present value of profits is lower than Fmax.northern hake, economic assessment, age-structured models, fishery management optimization, net present value of profits
The Optimality of the Common Fisheries Policy: the Northern Stock of Hake
We evaluate the management of the Northern Stock of Hake during 1986-2001. A stochastic bioeconomic model is calibrated to match the main features of this fishing ground. We show how catches, biomass stock and profits would have been if the optimal Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) consistent with the target biomass implied by the Fischler’s Recovery Plan had been implemented. The main finding are: i) an optimal CFP would have generated profits of more than 667 millions euros, ii) if side-payments are allowed (implemented by ITQ’s, for example) these profits increase 26%.common fisheries policy, fishing regulation, fischler recovery plan
Private benefits extraction in closely-held corporations: The case for multiple large shareholders*
This paper investigates how multiple large shareholders share control and extract private benefits in closely-held corporations. We find that ownership structures with multiple large shareholders are common and very stable. Moreover, they seem to be, to a large extent, exogenously given. The structure of the controlling group of shareholders has a very significant impact on performance. Performance improves as the control group’s ownership stake increases and, for a given ownership stake, as the number of members increases. The economic significance of the effects indicates that minority expropriation is a very important problem in closely-held firms.
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