261 research outputs found
Spice up Your Chat: The Intentions and Sentiment Effects of Using Emoji
Emojis, as a new way of conveying nonverbal cues, are widely adopted in
computer-mediated communications. In this paper, first from a message sender
perspective, we focus on people's motives in using four types of emojis --
positive, neutral, negative, and non-facial. We compare the willingness levels
of using these emoji types for seven typical intentions that people usually
apply nonverbal cues for in communication. The results of extensive statistical
hypothesis tests not only report the popularities of the intentions, but also
uncover the subtle differences between emoji types in terms of intended uses.
Second, from a perspective of message recipients, we further study the
sentiment effects of emojis, as well as their duplications, on verbal messages.
Different from previous studies in emoji sentiment, we study the sentiments of
emojis and their contexts as a whole. The experiment results indicate that the
powers of conveying sentiment are different between four emoji types, and the
sentiment effects of emojis vary in the contexts of different valences.Comment: 10 pages, published at ICWSM'1
Adiponectin is protective against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in amyloid-beta neurotoxicity
Oral PresentationBeta-amyloid (Aβ) neurotoxicity is important in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Aβ neurotoxicity causes oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage resulting in neuronal degeneration and death. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial failure are also pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is characterised by insulin resistance. Interestingly, T2DM increases risk to develop AD which is associated with reduced neuronal insulin sensitivity (central insulin resistance). We studied the potential protective effect of adipon…published_or_final_versio
Cognitive impairment in adiponectin-knockout mice
Oral Presentationpublished_or_final_versio
Effect of local environment and stellar mass on galaxy quenching and morphology at
We study galactic star-formation activity as a function of environment and
stellar mass over 0.5<z<2.0 using the FourStar Galaxy Evolution (ZFOURGE)
survey. We estimate the galaxy environment using a Bayesian-motivated measure
of the distance to the third nearest neighbor for galaxies to the stellar mass
completeness of our survey, at z=1.3 (2.0). This
method, when applied to a mock catalog with the photometric-redshift precision
(), recovers galaxies in low- and high-density
environments accurately. We quantify the environmental quenching efficiency,
and show that at z> 0.5 it depends on galaxy stellar mass, demonstrating that
the effects of quenching related to (stellar) mass and environment are not
separable. In high-density environments, the mass and environmental quenching
efficiencies are comparable for massive galaxies (
10.5) at all redshifts. For lower mass galaxies (
10), the environmental quenching efficiency is very low at 1.5, but
increases rapidly with decreasing redshift. Environmental quenching can account
for nearly all quiescent lower mass galaxies ( 9-10),
which appear primarily at 1.0. The morphologies of lower mass
quiescent galaxies are inconsistent with those expected of recently quenched
star-forming galaxies. Some environmental process must transform the
morphologies on similar timescales as the environmental quenching itself. The
evolution of the environmental quenching favors models that combine gas
starvation (as galaxies become satellites) with gas exhaustion through
star-formation and outflows ("overconsumption"), and additional processes such
as galaxy interactions, tidal stripping and disk fading to account for the
morphological differences between the quiescent and star-forming galaxy
populations.Comment: 29 pages, 15 figure, accepted for publication in Ap
Caught in the act : the assembly of massive cluster galaxies at z=1.62
We present the recent merger history of massive galaxies in a spectroscopically confirmed proto-cluster at z = 1.62. Using Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 near-infrared imaging from the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey, we select cluster and z similar to 1.6 field galaxies with M-star >= 3 x 10(10) M-circle dot, to determine the frequency of double nuclei or close companions within projected separations less than 20 kpc co-moving. We find that four out of five spectroscopically confirmed massive proto-cluster galaxies have double nuclei, and 57(14)(+13)% of all Mstar >= 3 x 10(10) M-circle dot cluster candidates are observed in either close pair systems or have double nuclei. In contrast, only 11% +/- 3% of the field galaxies are observed in close pair/double nuclei systems. After correcting for the contribution from random projections, the implied merger rate per massive galaxy in the proto-cluster is similar to 3-10 times higher than the merger rate of massive field galaxies at z similar to 1.6. Close pairs in the cluster have minor merger stellar mass ratios (M-primary:M-satellite >= 4), while the field pairs consist of both major and minor mergers. At least half of the cluster mergers are gas-poor, as indicated by their red colors and low 24 mu m fluxes. Two of the double-nucleated cluster members have X-ray detected active galactic nuclei with L-x > 10(43) erg s(-1), and are strong candidates for dual or offset super-massive black holes. We conclude that the massive z = 1.62 proto-cluster galaxies are undergoing accelerated assembly via minor mergers, and discuss the implications for galaxy evolution in proto-cluster environments
The Non-Canonical CTD of RNAP-II Is Essential for Productive RNA Synthesis in Trypanosoma brucei
The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit (RPB1) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP-II) is essential for gene expression in metazoa and yeast. The canonical CTD is characterized by heptapeptide repeats. Differential phosphorylation of canonical CTD orchestrates transcriptional and co-transcriptional maturation of mRNA and snRNA. Many organisms, including trypanosomes, lack a canonical CTD. In these organisms, the CTD is called a non-canonical CTD or pseudo-CTD (ΨCTD. In the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei, the ΨCTD is ∼285 amino acids long, rich in serines and prolines, and phosphorylated. We report that T. brucei RNAP-II lacking the entire ΨCTD or containing only a 95-amino-acid-long ΨCTD failed to support cell viability. In contrast, RNAP-II with a 186-amino-acid-long ΨCTD maintained cellular growth. RNAP-II with ΨCTD truncations resulted in abortive initiation of transcription. These data establish that non-canonical CTDs play an important role in gene expression
Azimuthal anisotropy and correlations at large transverse momenta in and Au+Au collisions at = 200 GeV
Results on high transverse momentum charged particle emission with respect to
the reaction plane are presented for Au+Au collisions at =
200 GeV. Two- and four-particle correlations results are presented as well as a
comparison of azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions to those in at
the same energy. Elliptic anisotropy, , is found to reach its maximum at
GeV/c, then decrease slowly and remain significant up to
-- 10 GeV/c. Stronger suppression is found in the back-to-back
high- particle correlations for particles emitted out-of-plane compared to
those emitted in-plane. The centrality dependence of at intermediate
is compared to simple models based on jet quenching.Comment: 4 figures. Published version as PRL 93, 252301 (2004
Azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at sqrtsNN = 200 GeV
The results from the STAR Collaboration on directed flow (v_1), elliptic flow
(v_2), and the fourth harmonic (v_4) in the anisotropic azimuthal distribution
of particles from Au+Au collisions at sqrtsNN = 200 GeV are summarized and
compared with results from other experiments and theoretical models. Results
for identified particles are presented and fit with a Blast Wave model.
Different anisotropic flow analysis methods are compared and nonflow effects
are extracted from the data. For v_2, scaling with the number of constituent
quarks and parton coalescence is discussed. For v_4, scaling with v_2^2 and
quark coalescence is discussed.Comment: 26 pages. As accepted by Phys. Rev. C. Text rearranged, figures
modified, but data the same. However, in Fig. 35 the hydro calculations are
corrected in this version. The data tables are available at
http://www.star.bnl.gov/central/publications/ by searching for "flow" and
then this pape
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CHD7 and Runx1 interaction provides a braking mechanism for hematopoietic differentiation.
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation and lineage differentiation involve gene expression programs orchestrated by transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. Genetic disruption of the chromatin remodeler chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) expanded phenotypic HSPCs, erythroid, and myeloid lineages in zebrafish and mouse embryos. CHD7 acts to suppress hematopoietic differentiation. Binding motifs for RUNX and other hematopoietic transcription factors are enriched at sites occupied by CHD7, and decreased RUNX1 occupancy correlated with loss of CHD7 localization. CHD7 physically interacts with RUNX1 and suppresses RUNX1-induced expansion of HSPCs during development through modulation of RUNX1 activity. Consequently, the RUNX1:CHD7 axis provides proper timing and function of HSPCs as they emerge during hematopoietic development or mature in adults, representing a distinct and evolutionarily conserved control mechanism to ensure accurate hematopoietic lineage differentiation.Bloodwise, CRUK, MRC, Wellcome Trust, NIH, Leukemia and Lymphoma Societ
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