Més sobre l'origen del cat. Inxa, inxar, i cast. Hincha

El cat. inxa ‘malvolença, irritació' fou explicat com a manlleu del cast. hincha ‘encono' —mot normalment considerat un derivat d'hinchar (INFLARE). L'autor en un article de 1991 va defensar la tesi que inxa i el verb inxar ‘aquissar', ‘irritar, provocar' serien de creació expressiva, formats damunt una interjecció exhortativa ins‡a! emprada per a incitar el gos a atacar. Aquesta hipòtesi ha estat posada, recentment, en dubte. El present estudi torna a tractar la complicada problemàtica d'inxa, de diversos components semàntics, amb una nova perspectiva i amb revisions. S'hi intenta provar: a) que la tesi del castellanisme no es pot sostenir, i b) que la tesi de creació expressiva és ben defensable i que ens assegura una explicació satisfactòria. S'hi demostra, a més, que la derivació d'inxa ‘estelleta, pua' i ‘mena d'empelt', d'inxa ‘irritació' rep suport de la documentació disponible. En canvi, inxa ‘llengüeta d'un instrument de vent' amb la variant guinxa, suposen una base onomatopeica en el so imitatiu ins‡s‡ / gins‡s‡. L'article tracta també la història del cast. hincha. Intenta demostrar que el cast. ant. incha ‘odio', testimoniat només un cop en un text de la segona meitat del s. XIII, també deu ser de creació expressiva, formada a partir de l'exhortatiu ins‡a! paral.lelament amb cat. inxa d'ins‡a! D'altra banda, el cast. hincha ‘encono', que comença a aparèixer en el s. XVI, s'explica com a un derivat d'hinchar ‘inflar', això sí, però amb certa influència semàntica del verb henchir ‘omplir' (IMPLERE).Catalan inxa ‘rancour, ill-feeling' was explained as a borrowing from Castilian hincha ‘rancour, ill-feeling' —a word normally considered a derivative of hinchar (INFLARE). The author in an article of 1991 defended the thesis that inxa and inxar ‘to incite (a dog)', ‘to irritate, to provoke' are most likely words of expressive creation, formed on an exhortative interjection ins‡a! used to urge a dog to attack. Doubt was cast on this hypothesis in a recent publication. The present study takes up once more the complicated problem of inxa, with its various semantic components, from a new perspective, and with some revisions. An attempt is made to prove: a) that the hypothesis which considers inxa ‘rancour' a Castilianism is untenable, and b) that the thesis which explains inxa as a word of expressive creation is defensible and provides us with an overall satisfactory solution. Moreover, it is shown that the theory that derives the secondary meanings of inxa, ‘splinter, sliver', ‘a kind of cion', receives support from available data. On the other hand, inxa meaning ‘reed of a wind instrument' with the variant form guinxa presuppose an onomatopeic basis in imitative sound ins‡s‡ / gins‡s‡. The article also deals with the history of Castilian hincha. Efforts are made to prove that old Spanish incha ‘hatred', known only from one example from the second half of the 13th century, was very likely also an expressive creation, formed on an exhortative in ca, in parallel with the Catalan inxa from ns‡a!, while the Spanish hincha ‘rancour, ill-feeling', which makes its appearance in the 16th century, is explained as a derivation from hinchar ‘to swell' (INFLARE), though with some degree of semantic influence from henchir ‘to fill' (IMPLERE)

El Problema de la -d- primaria en español: historia de la investigación. Un nuevo planteamiento

The problem of the primary -d- in Spanish: research history. A new approach Latin intervocalic primary -d- came to Hispano-Romance as a fricative [δ] together with the secondary [d] (occlusive) from -t-. The [δ], having been subject to structural pressure, was lost for the most part in the early period of the language, though it was preserved in a number of words: crudo, desnudo, grado, nido, nudo, sudor, vado. This development was widely discussed and debated in several studies. In the present article an attempt is made to demonstrate that the persistence of the [δ] in the words in question has been possible because of a merger with the secondary [d] in certain conditions. In addition, some phonetic problems, and also some lexical ones, such as the formation of cola from cauda are examined. Moreover, special attention is paid to the treatment of the atonic suffix -ǐdus (limpio, sucio, etc.) within the context of Romance.La -d- primaria intervocálica del latín llegó al hispano-romance como [δ] (fricativa) junto con la [d] secundaria (oclusiva) procedente de -t-. La [-δ-], sujeta a una presión estructural se perdió en gran parte, en los primeros siglos del idioma, conservándose, sin embargo, en una serie de voces: crudo, desnudo, grado, nido, nudo, sudor, vado. Este desarrollo fue muy discutido y debatido en varios estudios. En el presente trabajo se intenta demostrar que la conservación de la [δ] en dichos vocablos ha sido posible por su confluencia con la [d] secundaria en ciertas condiciones. Aparte de esto, se enfocan una serie de problemas fonéticos, e incluso algún problema léxico, como la formación de cola de cauda. Por lo demás, recibe atención especial el tratamiento del sufijo átono -ǐdus (limpio, sucio, etc.) en un contexto románico

El tractament de la -n " N' en català

In this article, the author studies the eliminating process of -n " N' in Catalan, process that, in accordance with the documentation that he contributes, it reveals partially during 10th century and it looks to be consummated at the end of 1 lth century —excepting Rosellonese language— in singular forms, whereas in -ns plural forms, the -n was preserved. He also analyses the differences among this solution, Gascon language and Spanish dialects

El tractament de la -n > N' en català

In this article, the author studies the eliminating process of -n < N' in Catalan, process that, in accordance with the documentation that he contributes, it reveals partially during 10th century and it looks to be consummated at the end of 1 lth century —excepting Rosellonese language— in singular forms, whereas in -ns plural forms, the -n was preserved. He also analyses the differences among this solution, Gascon language and Spanish dialects

El «Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana»: els objectius

Abstract: The author points out, whith examples, the rich and profound etymological studies offered by Joan Coromines in DECAT, and responds to some of the criticism of the mentioned studies.</p