Mating behaviour and reproductive output in insecticide-resistant and -susceptible strains of the maize weevil (\u3ci\u3eSitophilus zeamais\u3c/i\u3e)

Insecticide resistance is a broadly recognised and well-studied management problem resulting from intensive insecticide use, which also provides useful evolutionary models of newly adapted phenotypes to changing environments. Two common assumptions in such models are the existence of fitness costs associated with insecticide resistance, which will place the resistant individuals at a disadvantage in insecticide-free environments, and the prevalence of random mating among insecticide-resistant and -susceptible individuals. However, cases of insecticide resistance lacking apparent fitness disadvantages do exist impacting the evolution and management of insecticide resistance. Assortative mating, although rarely considered, may also favour the evolution and spread of insecticide resistance. Thus, the possible existence of both conditions in the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), a key pest of stored cereals, led to the assessment of the mating behaviour and reproductive fitness of insecticide-resistant and -susceptible weevil strains and their reciprocal crosses. The patterns of female and male mating choice also were assessed. Although mating behaviour within and between weevil strains was similar without mate choice, mating within the resistant strain led to higher reproductive output than within the susceptible strain; inter-strain matings led to even higher fertility. Thus, no apparent fitness cost associated with resistance seems to exist in these weevils, favouring the evolution of this phenotype that is further aided by the higher fertility of inter-strain matings. Mate choice reduced latency to mate and no inter-strain preference was detected, but female weevils were consistent in their mate selection between 1st and 2nd matings indicating existence of female mating preference among maize weevils. Therefore, if female mate selection comes to favour trait(s) associated with insecticide resistance, higher reproductive fitness will be the outcome of such matings favouring the evolution and spread of insecticide resistance among maize weevil populations reverting into a management concern

Saberes tradicionais em uma unidade de conservação localizada em ambiente periurbano de várzea: etnobiologia da andirobeira (Carapa guianensis Aublet).

As interações entre povos e comunidades tradicionais que convivem com a floresta e com populações urbanizadas ameaçam a manutenção dos saberes tradicionais associados ao uso dos recursos naturais. A partir desse pressuposto, o artigo identifica o conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) sobre as andirobeiras (Carapa guianensis Aublet), o uso dos produtos provenientes da espécie, o conhecimento sobre a extração do óleo de andiroba e a manutenção desse hábito na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Fazendinha, Amapá. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 84 moradores e três grupos focais. Os resultados mostram que, aproximadamente, 76% dos moradores possuem CEL sobre a espécie e indicam como seus principais produtos o óleo das sementes e a madeira, enquanto 64% conhecem o processo de extração do óleo e 30% mantêm o hábito da extração. Os mais jovens conhecem o óleo, porém a maioria não vivenciou integralmente o processo de extração. Constatou-se que o CEL sobre as andirobeiras e a extração do óleo tende a se perder através das gerações, como consequência da urbanização da área e do uso limitado desse recurso florestal, principalmente devido à falta de informação dos moradores da APA sobre seu direito de uso do recurso

Profile of porcine respiratory disease complex associated with Pasteurella multocida in Minas Gerais state, Brazil.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 02.10.61600-01

Micotoxinas: importância na alimentação e na saúde humana e animal.

Principais micotoxinas. Regulamentação de micotoxinas no Brasil e no mundo. Considerações finais.bitstream/CNPAT-2010/10830/1/Dc-110.pd

Detecção de resistência a inseticidas neurotóxicos em populações de Bemísia tabaci biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) oriundas do Sudeste e Centro-Oeste brasileiro.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento dos níveis de resistência de B. tabaci a inseticidas neurotóxicos em lavouras do Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do Brasil.Resumo 070

Carbono orgânico total e suas frações físicas em latossolo vermelho cultivado com hortaliças em sistemas conservacionistas.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT) e suas frações físicas em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico cultivado com hortaliças em sistemas conservacionistas há seis anos

Carbono das substancias húmicas em latossolo vermelho cultivado com hortaliças em sistemas conservacionistas.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar os teores de carbono das substâncias húmicas em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico cultivado com hortaliças em sistemas conservacionistas há cinco anos

Effect of different tillage systems on the soil chemical variables under vegetable production.

Abstract 04579

Varietal thiols in white wines from portuguese grape varieties

Wines from Antão Vaz, Arinto, Fernão Pires, Verdelho da Madeira and Viosinho grape cultivars, from 2009 and 2010 vintages, were studied in order to characterize the volatile thiols profile, namely 4-mercapto-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (4MMP), 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH) and 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA). Volatile thiols profile of these wines was also compared to a Sauvignon blanc wine produced in Portugal. Besides sensory analysis, all wines were analyzed using GC coupled to different detectors, namely FID, FPD, MS and Olfactometry (GC-O). In all wines, GC-O analyses showed the existence of two olfactory zones related to the presence of 4MMP and 3MH. A third olfactory zone for 3MHA was only observed for the youngest wines. The wines produced from Portuguese cultivars presented aromatic intensities comparable or even higher than those obtained in the Sauvignon blanc wine. Indeed, 3MH was found in all wines and the highest amounts were observed in Antão Vaz, Arinto and Viosinho wines. In general, these findings are in agreement with those obtained by sensory analysis

Surgical site infection surveillance in knee and hip arthroplasty: optimizing an algorithm to detect high-risk patients based on electronic health records

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is an important cause of disease burden and healthcare costs. Fully manual surveillance is time-consuming and prone to subjectivity and inter-individual variability, which can be partly overcome by semi-automated surveillance. Algorithms used in orthopaedic SSI semi-automated surveillance have reported high sensitivity and important workload reduction. This study aimed to design and validate different algorithms to identify patients at high risk of SSI after hip or knee arthroplasty. Methods: Retrospective data from manual SSI surveillance between May 2015 and December 2017 were used as gold standard for validation. Knee and hip arthroplasty were included, patients were followed up for 90 days and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control SSI classification was applied. Electronic health records data was used to generate different algorithms, considering combinations of the following variables: ≥1 positive culture, ≥ 3 microbiological requests, antimicrobial therapy ≥ 7 days, length of hospital stay ≥ 14 days, orthopaedics readmission, orthopaedics surgery and emergency department attendance. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and predictive value, and workload reduction were calculated. Results: In total 1631 surgical procedures were included, of which 67.5% (n = 1101) in women; patients’ median age was 69 years (IQR 62 to 77) and median Charlson index 2 (IQR 1 to 3). Most surgeries were elective (92.5%; n = 1508) and half were hip arthroplasty (52.8%; n = 861). SSI incidence was 3.8% (n = 62), of which 64.5% were deep or organ/space infections. Positive culture was the single variable with highest sensitivity (64.5%), followed by orthopaedic reintervention (59.7%). Twenty-four algorithms presented 90.3% sensitivity for all SSI types and 100% for deep and organ/space SSI. Workload reduction ranged from 59.7 to 67.7%. The algorithm including ≥ 3 microbiological requests, length of hospital stay ≥ 14 days and emergency department attendance, was one of the best options in terms of sensitivity, workload reduction and feasibility for implementation. Conclusions: Different algorithms with high sensitivity to detect all types of SSI can be used in real life, tailored to clinical practice and data availability. Emergency department attendance can be an important variable to identify superficial SSI in semi-automated surveillance. © The Author(s) 2024."STOP Infeção Hospitalar was endorsed by the National Directorate of Health and has received funding from Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. No additional funding was received for the algorithm validation project.