Troubleshooting methods for the generation of novel pseudotyped viruses

A pseudotyped virus (PV) is a virus particle with an envelope protein originating from a different virus. The ability to dictate which envelope proteins are expressed on the surface has made pseudotyping an important tool for basic virological studies such as determining the cellular targets of the envelope protein of the virus as well as identification of potential antiviral compounds and measuring specific antibody responses. In this review, we describe the common methodologies employed to generate PVs, with a focus on approaches to improve the efficacy of PV generation

Troubleshooting methods for the generation of novel pseudotyped viruses

A pseudotyped virus (PV) is a virus particle with an envelope protein originating from a different virus. The ability to dictate which envelope proteins are expressed on the surface has made pseudotyping an important tool for basic virological studies such as determining the cellular targets of the envelope protein of the virus as well as identification of potential antiviral compounds and measuring specific antibody responses. In this review, we describe the common methodologies employed to generate PVs, with a focus on approaches to improve the efficacy of PV generation

Troubleshooting methods for the generation of novel pseudotyped viruses

A pseudotyped virus (PV) is a virus particle with an envelope protein originating from a different virus. The ability to dictate which envelope proteins are expressed on the surface has made pseudotyping an important tool for basic virological studies such as determining the cellular targets of the envelope protein of the virus as well as identification of potential antiviral compounds and measuring specific antibody responses. In this review, we describe the common methodologies employed to generate PVs, with a focus on approaches to improve the efficacy of PV generation

The world economy [December 1988]

The buoyancy of the main economies continues. Investment now appears to be the principal driving force behind the current robust performance of the world economy. Growth of GNP is generally expected to be around 4% this year, a full one percentage point, and more, higher than expectations at the beginning of the year. Nevertheless, growth should decline next year due to a tightening by key governments of both fiscal and monetary policies in response to increasing inflationary pressure

The British economy [December 1988]

The growth of the UK economy continues at a brisk rate. Manufacturing output is especially buoyant. The absence of evidence suggesting a moderation in output growth reflects the continuing strong rate of growth in domestic demand. There is little hard evidence to date of a slow-down in consumer demand. Domestic demand growth continues to outstrip both output growth and the supply capacity of the economy. This is despite the current 'boom' in investment. The deficit on current account therefore continues to deteriorate. The underlying trade position is precarious and is symptomatic of high domestic demand and inflationary pressure. With many indicators pointing in an upward direction, the prospects for inflation are therefore the most immediate cause for concern

Outlook and appraisal [December 1988]

Growth of output in the Scottish economy continues to be strong. Current performance mirrors the brisk rate of economic growth in the rest of the UK. Manufacturing in Scotland now appears to be sharing in the growth which for so long has principally been enjoyed by the service sector. Construction is now the most buoyant sector in Scotland, with the effects of the recent rapid growth in house prices south of the border spreading north, and the strong growth of investment in the UK leading to increased orders for new buildings and works

The Scottish economy [December 1988]

Between them the Scottish Chambers' Business Survey (SCBS) and the CBI's Industrial Trends Survey provide a reasonable guide to current and recent trends in the Scottish economy. Both surveys are carried out on a quarterly basis with results being derived from the responses of Chambers of Commerce and CBI members, respectively. While the two sources are complementary in nature there do exist important differences between them

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Egg brooding by deep-sea octopuses in the North Pacific Ocean

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The British economy [September 1988]

Earlier prognostications of a slow-down in the rate of growth of output in the British economy have been confounded by recent evidence. Continuing high levels of output growth are a reflection of rapid growth in domestic - and particularly consumer - demand. But domestic demand is growing at a much faster rate than output and there are indications that the differential increased during the second quarter and middle of the year. The inevitable result has been a marked deterioration in the balance of payments. The government's use of interest rate policy as the sole instrument regulating the expansion of domestic demand leaves much to be desired