Stability and Toxicity of Selected Chlorinated Benzophenone-type UV Filters in Waters

In our study, the transformation of two most widely used UV filters, benzophenone-3 (BP3) and benzophenone-4 (BP4), in chlorinated water with disinfection reagents sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) was studied. Based on the HPLC/MS and UV-Vis analysis the formation of two different chlorinated products (5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) was established. Identity of chlorinated products was confirmed by means of comparison of retention times with independently synthesized standards. Photostability study showed that dichloro-derivative in water is less stable then parent compounds, which is not the case for monochloro-derivatives. Toxicity of chlorinated compounds tested by Vibrio fischeri was found to be in the same range as that of the starting compounds. Preliminary testing of real water samples from swimming pools and sea swimming areas confirmed the presence of BP3 and its 3,5-dichloro derivative

Stability and toxicity of selected chlorinated benzophenone-type UV filters in waters

Stability and toxicity of selected chlorinated benzophenone-type UV filters in water

Supplementary data for the article: Grbović, G.; Malev, O.; Dolenc, D.; Klobučar, R. S.; Cvetković, Z.; Cvetković, B.; Jovančicévić, B.; Trebše, P. Synthesis, Characterisation and Aquatic Ecotoxicity of the UV Filter Hexyl 2-(4-Diethylamino-2-Hydroxybenzoyl)Benzoate (DHHB) and Its Chlorinated by-Products. Environmental Chemistry 2016, 13 (1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15013

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15013]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2020

Stability and Toxicity of Selected Chlorinated Benzophenone-type UV Filters in Waters

In our study, the transformation of two most widely used UV filters, benzophenone-3 (BP3) and benzophenone-4 (BP4), in chlorinated water with disinfection reagents sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) was studied. Based on the HPLC/MS and UV-Vis analysis the formation of two different chlorinated products (5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) was established. Identity of chlorinated products was confirmed by means of comparison of retention times with independently synthesized standards. Photostability study showed that dichloro-derivative in water is less stable then parent compounds, which is not the case for monochloro-derivatives. Toxicity of chlorinated compounds tested by Vibrio fischeri was found to be in the same range as that of the starting compounds. Preliminary testing of real water samples from swimming pools and sea swimming areas confirmed the presence of BP3 and its 3,5-dichloro derivative

Supplementary data for the article: Grbović, G.; Malev, O.; Dolenc, D.; Klobučar, R. S.; Cvetković, Z.; Cvetković, B.; Jovančicévić, B.; Trebše, P. Synthesis, Characterisation and Aquatic Ecotoxicity of the UV Filter Hexyl 2-(4-Diethylamino-2-Hydroxybenzoyl)Benzoate (DHHB) and Its Chlorinated by-Products. Environmental Chemistry 2016, 13 (1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15013

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15013]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2020

ANALYSIS OF FLORA LIFE FORMS OF THE HILL-MOUNTAIN AREA OF NORTHWESTERN SERBIA AND ŠUMADIJA

The biological spectrum of the flora of a particular area is a complex indicator interdependence of plant life forms and ecological characteristics of the area. The spectra of life forms are a reflection of the adaptation of plants over time. The most common life forms in the flora of the investigated area are hemicryptophytes with 46.6%, followed by therophytes with 18.2% and geophytes with 12.7% taxa. Phanerophytes with 10.4% and hamephytes with 8.3% from less represented life forms. The investigated area is characterized by the largest share of hemicryptophytes, which is a characteristic of the flora of the temperate region, and a slight increase in the presence of geophytes and phanerophytes is noticeable, as opposed to slightly less hamephytes and significantly less hydrophytes.Publishe

Synthesis, characterisation and aquatic ecotoxicity of the UV filter hexyl 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate (DHHB) and its chlorinated by-products

Environmental context Various UV-filtering chemicals are added to sunscreens in order to protect humans from the harmful effects of the sun. As a consequence of disinfection processes in swimming pools, sunscreen components may be chlorinated and change their structure and properties, leading to derivatives with higher toxicity. The safety of sunscreen components as well as that of their transformation products during their use requires further study. Abstract In this work is presented a synthesis pathway for the UV filter hexyl 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate (DHHB) and its chlorinated by-products in order to investigate the transformation behaviour and toxicity changes of DHHB during chlorination disinfection treatment. Acute toxicity was measured using standardised tests with aquatic model organisms. The potency of DHHB was compared with other benzophenone-like UV filters tested in the same experimental set-up. The toxicity of chlorinated compounds tested with photobacteria was found to be in a similar range to that of the starting compound. Microalgae were more sensitive to DHHB than to its chlorinated by-products, whereas daphnids were affected more by DHHB's chlorinated products. The comparative toxicity data showed DHHB and even more its chlorinated by-products as more highly biologically potent to daphnids than other tested UV filters. The toxic potential of benzophenone-like UV filters should be interpreted together with data on their chemical properties, chlorination effects and affected organisms.Supplementary material: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3632

METAL BIOACCUMULATION AND TRANSLOCATION POTENTIAL OF THE SPECIES HOLCUS LANATUS L. ON MINE TAILINGS RUDNIK DOO “RUDNIK”

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of some metals (Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ca, Mg, Pb, Cd) in the soil and species of H. lanatus L. on the tailings and flotation of the mine DOO "Rudnik". Concentrations in the soil were: Pb - higher than the maximum allowed, limit and remediation values; Cd, Cu and Cr - higher than the maximum allowed and limit values, and Ni and Zn higher than the limit values (according to the regulations of the Republic of Serbia). Results suggest the possibility of using the roots of H. lanatus in the bioaccumulation of metals Ni, Mg and Cd, as well as the aboveground parts of this plant species in the accumulation and phytoextraction of Cd.Publishe