Floral morphology to discriminate taxa between and within Cytisus sect. Alburnoides, sect. Spartopsis and sect. Verzinum (Genisteae, Fabaceae)

Delimitation of sections is controversial within the genus Cytisus L. (Fabaceae, Genisteae). A morphological study has been conducted on 19 taxa from sections Alburnoides, Spartopsis and Verzinum to clarify their discrimination. Thirty-five quantitative and qualitative characters were recorded on a maximum of 15 dry or living flowers per taxon. Three multiple correspondence factor analyses (MCFA) were performed on a matrix based on 22 of the 35 recorded morphological characters to (1) compare the variability within and between individuals and (2) distinguish groups among the studied taxa. MCFA showed that both flowers sampled from the same plant or different individuals could represent the morphological variability of a taxon. MCFA also clustered the 19 taxa into three groups corresponding to sections Alburnoides, Spartopsis and Verzinum as defined by Cristofolini and Troia (Taxon 44:733–746, 2006). However, floral morphology has not been sufficient to discriminate taxa within sections. A key of the three studied sections based on floral characters is given

Surgical Treatment of Subfibular Ossicle in Children: A Retrospective Study of 36 Patients with Functional Instability

BACKGROUNDS: To evaluate the surgical management of a symptomatic subfibular ossicle after severe ankle sprain with functional instability and pain sequelae in children. METHODS: We analyzed 36 patients complaining of functional instability without laxity, 1 year after an ankle inversion trauma associated with the observation of a subfibular ossicle. We systematically suggested the open excision of the residual ossicles, followed by 6 weeks of immobilization and proprioceptive physiotherapy. Seventeen of them, constituting the "resection" group accepted this surgical approach. The remaining 19 patients, the "control" group, received only rehabilitative care. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle pain and function score was evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: The mean latest follow-up was 4 years and 4 months (range, 1 y 8 mo to 14 y 7 mo). A significant improvement of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was observed and was significantly higher in the resection group with a mean gain of 31 points (SD=31.8), versus 7 points (SD=7) in the control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in the absence of objective laxity, excision of the os subfibulare appears as a simple and effective technique in the treatment of posttraumatic functional instability and ankle pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-retrospective case-control study

Cartilaginous tibial eminence fractures in children: which recommendations for management of this new entity ?

PURPOSE: Cartilaginous tibial eminence fracture (CTEF) is a new pattern of ACL rupture in children under the age of nine. MRI signs have been recently reported, but no series gave information about outcomes. It was hypothesized that primary treatment gave better results than delayed management due to frequent misdiagnosis. METHOD: This retrospective study focused on 15 patients, managed acutely (n = 7) or delayed (n = 8). The patients' median age at the time of initial injury was 6.5 years (range 5-9). Lysholm, IKDC 2000 subjective scores, and the measurement of the residual laxity by a side-to-side difference with a KT-1000 junior arthrometer were used at the time of revision. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 9.8 years (range 1-18.5), the mean Lysholm and IKDC subjective scores were, respectively, 97.7 ± 2.6 and 97 ± 3.4. The median residual laxity was 2 mm (range 0-4). Non-operative treatment lead to 2 failures: intermeniscal ligament entrapment and combined avulsion fracture at the femoral site. Suture fixation of the avulsed fragment allows regularly good results when performed acutely or even 4 years after the injury. The hypothesis that primary treatment gives better result than delayed treatment tends to be wrong as 2 failures were reported in each group. An ACL reconstruction was performed in 3 out of the 4 treatment failures. Progressive resorption of the avulsed fragment was noticed in 3 of the 4 failures suggesting an associated ACL resorption. CONCLUSION: CTEF has a good prognosis even after misdiagnosis and treatment at the time of non-union; this could be due to low-energy mechanism of injury and low rate of associated lesion. Orthopaedic treatment for acute minimally displaced fractures is only indicated under strict MRI control, and suture fixation is the recommended strategy in other situations. Conservative management of non-union could expose to ACL involution and cannot be recommended. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective case series, Level IV

Bone health in children with severe cerebral palsy

AimTo describe bone health and associated factors in children with severe cerebral palsy.MethodIn a retrospective, single-centre study, we performed a comprehensive bone evaluation (including clinical, densitometric and bone biomarker assessments) of children with severe cerebral palsy.ResultsNone of the 19 included children had a normal BMCTBLH Z score, and only one had a BMDTBLH Z score greater than −2. Six children had a BMDLS Z score greater than −2. The bone biomarker data were suggestive of excessive bone remodelling. Levels of bone remodelling markers factors and densitometric variables were not significantly related. Age, weight and pubertal stage were significantly related to bone mass.DiscussionOur results highlights the insufficient increase in bone mass with age (probably due to excessive bone remodelling) and confirms the high prevalence of low bone mineral density in children with severe cerebral palsy. Possible preventive measures might include calcium + vitamin D supplementation and the systematic management of underweight and delayed puberty. Bone remodelling markers might be of value for follow-up

Comparison of single- and multi-trait approaches to identify best wild candidates for aquaculture shows that the simple way fails

International audiencein agriculture, diversifying production implies picking up, in the wild biodiversity, species or populations that can be domesticated and fruitfully produced. two alternative approaches are available to highlight wild candidate(s) with high suitability for aquaculture: the single-trait (i.e. considering a single phenotypic trait and, thus, a single biological function) and multi-trait (i.e. considering multiple phenotypic traits involved in several biological functions) approaches. Although the former is the traditional and the simplest method, the latter could be theoretically more efficient. However, an explicit comparison of advantages and pitfalls between these approaches is lacking to date in aquaculture. Here, we compared the two approaches to identify best candidate(s) between four wild allopatric populations of Perca fluviatilis in standardised aquaculture conditions. our results showed that the single-trait approach can (1) miss key divergences between populations and (2) highlight different best candidate(s) depending on the trait considered. In contrast, the multi-trait approach allowed identifying the population with the highest domestication potential thanks to several congruent lines of evidence. nevertheless, such an integrative assessment is achieved with a far more time-consuming and expensive study. therefore, improvements and rationalisations will be needed to make the multi-trait approach a promising way in the aquaculture development

« Libertas hominum Montispessulani » : rédaction et diffusion des coutumes de Montpellier

Das Gewohnheitsrecht von Montpellier, das 1204 und 1205 teils von älteren Unterlagen ausgehend aufgezeichnet und später durch eine Reihe von Vorschriften des Stadtmagistrats ergänzt wurde, genoß sehr früh einen beachtlichen Ruf. Zu den ersten Zitaten, die sowohl jenseits der Pyrenäen als auch in der Auvergne festgestellt werden konnten, kommt eine ganze Nachkommenschaft von Gewohnheitsrechten, die fast alle in der ersten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts niedergeschrieben wurden. Da aile diese Quellen an den von Montpellier kommenden Handelsstraßen zu finden sind, darf man annehmen, daß die Tätigkeit der Kaufleute an dieser Verbreitung nicht unbeteiligt ist."Либертас Гоминум Монтиспессулани": составление и распространение юридических обычаев Монпелье Составленные в 1204 и 1205 г. г., отчасти из более ранних элементов с добавлением целого ряда консульских уставов, судебные обычаи Монпелье начали очень рано пользоваться высокой репутацией. К их первым утверждениям, найденным за пределами Пириней и в Оверне, добавляются обычаи, непосредственно перенятые от них. Локализация этих заимствований вдоль торговых путей около Монпелье позволяет заключить, что коммерческая деятельность города не чужда распространению его обычаев.Written in 1204 and 1205 from partly anterior elements and completed later by a series of consular statutes, the customs of Montpellier soon enjoyed a considerable reputation. To this reputation, found on the Spanish side of the Pyrenees as well as in Auvergne, were added actual daughter-customs, almost all composed during the first half of the thirteenth century. The location of these sources along the trade routes of Montpellier suggest that commercial activity was not foreign to the phenomenon of diffusion.Rédigées en 1204 et 1205 à partir d'éléments partiellement antérieurs, complétées par la suite par une série de statuts consulaires, les coutumes de Montpellier ont très tôt bénéficié d'une réputation considérable. Aux premières allégations, recensées aussi bien outre-Pyrénées qu'en Auvergne, s'ajoutent de véritables coutumes-filles, presque toutes composées pendant la première moitié du treizième siècle. La localisation de ces sources au long des voies du commerce montpelliérain permet de supposer que l'activité marchande n'a pas été étrangère à ce phénomène de diffusion.Gouron André. « Libertas hominum Montispessulani » : rédaction et diffusion des coutumes de Montpellier. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 90, N°138-139, 1978. Hommage à Philippe Wolff. pp. 289-318

Montpellier place de crédit dans la première moitié du XIVe siècle : Reyerson (Kathryn), Business, banking and finance in medieval Montpellier, Toronto, Pontifical Institute of mediaeval studies, 1985

Gouron André. Montpellier place de crédit dans la première moitié du XIVe siècle : Reyerson (Kathryn), Business, banking and finance in medieval Montpellier, Toronto, Pontifical Institute of mediaeval studies, 1985. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 98, N°174, 1986. Le lignage aristocratique en Provence... pp. 268-269

Question L (posée par M.-A. Guislain), Noms de rues rappelant des apothicaires

Gouron André. Question L (posée par M.-A. Guislain), Noms de rues rappelant des apothicaires. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 48ᵉ année, n°165, 1960. p. 352