RNA content in spinal cord motoneurons during hypokinesia

The effect of a diminished motor activity of rats upon the ribonucleic and (RNA) content in a single isolated motoneuron of frontal of their spinal cord was studied. Within a 1 to 30 day exposure of rats to the hypokinetic conditions, RNA content was found to decrease on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day and to return to the initial level by the 7th day. No changes in RNA content were observed during the subsequent stages of the xperiments. The volume of the nerve cells declined on the 3rd and 5th day, whereas RNA concentration reduced on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 30th day

Effect of restricted mobility on RNA content and nucleotide composition and on protein content in motoneurons of spinal cord anterior horns

An investigation into the effect of hypokinesia on the ribonucleic acid (RNA) content, the nucleotide composition, and dynamics of protein content in the motoneuron of the rat spinal cord anterior horns is described. Methodology and findings are presented. The study results showed that the nucleotide composition of the total cellular RNA at all the studied periods of hypokinesia remained unchanged and is characteristic for the cytoplasmic, high polymer ribosomal RNA. This means that with a change in the functional state of the neuron the newly formed RNA of the nerve cell has the same composition of bases as the original RNA that belongs to the ribosomal type

Shockwave effects in the technology of meat raw material processing

Meat tenderness is recognized as the most important quality characteristic determining consumer acceptability of fresh meat and meat products. Therefore, the development of effective methods for meat tenderization is a topical direction. The review considers the main aspects of the development of shockwave (SW) technology as an alternative method for meat tenderization. The paper analyzes the means of shockwave formation as well as possible mechanisms responsible for meat tenderization caused by shockwave treatment and related to the energy dissipation and mechanical load on the boundary zones of a biological material under processing. The results of the investigations of a shockwave effect on meat tenderness, microbial inactivation, structure and assimilability of muscle protein and other functional and technological properties of a product are presented. The majority of researchers who studied a SW effect on meat tenderization showed different degrees of the improvement in the Warner-Bratzler shear force and increase in sensory scores of meat tenderness. This review shows the main problems linked with commercialization of the meat treatment process using SW based on electrical discharges under water. This method of SW generation is considered safest but infeasible today due to occurrence of restrictions such as damage of packaging materials after treatment, a need to ensure effective SW propagation in a commercial unit and determine optimal treatment parameters in the process of shockwave tenderization. Furthermore, potential possibilities of using shockwave technologies in the food industry are discussed. In particular, shockwave treatment upon extraction is an effective method for extracting juice/ oil/ bioactive components from various plant materials, which can be used as the pretreatment or independent process.Meat tenderness is recognized as the most important quality characteristic determining consumer acceptability of fresh meat and meat products. Therefore, the development of effective methods for meat tenderization is a topical direction. The review considers the main aspects of the development of shockwave (SW) technology as an alternative method for meat tenderization. The paper analyzes the means of shockwave formation as well as possible mechanisms responsible for meat tenderization caused by shockwave treatment and related to the energy dissipation and mechanical load on the boundary zones of a biological material under processing. The results of the investigations of a shockwave effect on meat tenderness, microbial inactivation, structure and assimilability of muscle protein and other functional and technological properties of a product are presented. The majority of researchers who studied a SW effect on meat tenderization showed different degrees of the improvement in the Warner-Bratzler shear force and increase in sensory scores of meat tenderness. This review shows the main problems linked with commercialization of the meat treatment process using SW based on electrical discharges under water. This method of SW generation is considered safest but infeasible today due to occurrence of restrictions such as damage of packaging materials after treatment, a need to ensure effective SW propagation in a commercial unit and determine optimal treatment parameters in the process of shockwave tenderization. Furthermore, potential possibilities of using shockwave technologies in the food industry are discussed. In particular, shockwave treatment upon extraction is an effective method for extracting juice/ oil/ bioactive components from various plant materials, which can be used as the pretreatment or independent process

Methods of analysis of equity securities risk and return : issues and prospects

In terms of capacities and characteristic features of macroeconomic policy in Russia today, the issue of more efficient use of the equity capital market potential where the main tools are shares or equity securities is highly relevant. More efficient use of the capitals of joint stock companies, obtaining reliable information for defining the cost of the business reinforce the need of more detailed theoretical and practical analysis of the equity securities. This is one of the most important prerequisites for creating favorable informational environment and improving the quality of stock market monitoring both at the national and international levels. The author analysed opinions on this issue among Russian and foreign researches, applying the methods of theoretical knowledge and general logic. It systematizes various methodological approaches to the analysis of the equity securities and justifies the need of using the methods of fundamental and technical analysis of equity securities in the Russian context. We pay special attention to studying the rates of return and the risks of the equity securities and look at the opportunities to use this information for developing a scale of rating investment attractiveness of joint stock companies. The recommendations stated in the article may be used for operational management and development of strategic solutions to attract financial resources required for economic growth and modernization of production.peer-reviewe

Management of food cold chains traceability amid the COVID-19 pandemic

The present article considers the functioning of food supply chains and their major component — a continuous cold chain of perishable food products, including meat products, under the conditions of COVID‑19 pandemic. The issues of the impact of the pandemic on production, processing and commercial supply of meat and meat products in Russia and worldwide are being considered. The traceability of temperature fluctuations in meat processing plants is relevant; it becomes an increasingly important factor for efficient logistics to provide the best supply and to keep the food safe in the current conditions. Research data is presented here. The results of the research show that frozen foods serve as carriers and distributors of SARS-CoV‑2 infection without any contact between people. This conclusion highlights additional challenges in controlling the spread of COVID‑19 worldwide, and reveals the mechanism of the disease transmission, taking into account the peculiarities of temperature modes during storage and transportation of perishable meat products. The risks of food cold chains functioning under the conditions of pandemic, the adaptive strategies for their mitigation and logistical systems of tracking are considered, in particular, the application of various data technologies

Anisotropic relaxation in NADH excited states studied by polarization-modulation pump-probe transient spectroscopy

We present the results of experimental and theoretical studies of fast anisotropic relaxation and rotational diffusion in the first electron excited state of biological coenzyme NADH in water-ethanol solutions. The experiments have been carried out by means of a novel polarization-modulation transient method and fluorescence polarization spectroscopy. For interpretation of the experimental results a model of the anisotropic relaxation in terms of scalar and vector properties of transition dipole moments and based on the Born-Oppenheimer approximation has been developed. The results obtained suggest that the dynamics of anisotropic rovibronic relaxation in NADH under excitation with 100~fs pump laser pulses can be characterised by a single vibration relaxation time $\tau_v$ laying in the range 2--15~ps and a single rotation diffusion time $\tau_r$ laying in the range 100--450~ps a subject of ethanol concentration. The dependence of the times $\tau_v$ and $\tau_r$ on the solution polarity (static permittivity) and viscosity has been determined and analyzed. Limiting values of an important parameter $\langle P_2(\cos\theta(t))\rangle$ describing the rotation of the transition dipole moment in the course of vibrational relaxation has been determined from experiment as function of the ethanol concentration and analyzed.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure

Edible insects as a source of alternative protein. A review

The current state and research priorities in the field of using insects as foods and their components are examined. At present, entomophagy is practiced in Africa, South America and Asia. It is shown that the growing world population, which is increasingly limited in resources upon the rising demand for animal protein, has stimulated the interest to new food sources that can include insects as future alternative sources of animal protein. In the forming global model based on the growing share of renewable energy sources, entomophagy fits in as a renewable source of food energy. Over the last decade, the potential of edible insects as a new ingredient has been studied. It is noted that edible insects can be produced with less environmental impact compared to cattle. Insects have a huge potential at all life cycle stages as a source of nutritional and active substances and are a rich source of animal protein, contain essential amino acids, minerals (K, Na, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and P), vitamins (В-group, А, D, Е, К and С) and unsaturated fatty acids. Assimilability of insect protein is 76–98%. Insect carbohydrates are represented mainly by chitin contained in a range from 2.7 mg to 49.8 mg/kg of fresh matter. There are data that different insect species can have immune stimulating, sugar reducing, antioxidant and anti-genotoxic activities, as well as the positive effect in cardiovascular and nervous disorders. In the western countries, different methods of insect processing were developed. The review summarizes advantages and risks of eating insects and legal practices of their consumption. Possible ways and strategies of stimulating edible insect consumption are analyzed taking into account that the majority of population in western countries reject the idea of eating insects. The review of performed studies notes the necessity to eliminate emotional and psychological barriers on the way of accepting edible insect consumption

Assessment of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources for the Charging Infrastructure of Electric Vehicles

Application of renewable energy sources is a relevant area of energy supply for urban infrastructure. In 2019, the share of energy produced by such sources reached 11% (for solar energy) and 22% (for wind energy) of the total energy produced during the year. However, these systems require an improvement in their efficiency that can be achieved by introducing electric vehicles. They can accumulate, store and transfer surplus energy to the city’s power grid. A solution to this problem is a smart charging infrastructure. The existing studies in the field of charging infrastructure organization for electric vehicles consider only models locating charging stations in the city or the calculation of their required number. These calculations are based on socio-economic factors and images of a potential owner of an electric vehicle. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a methodology for determining the location of charging stations and their required number. The calculation will include the operating features of the existing charging infrastructure, which has not been done before. Thus, the purpose of this article is to research the operation of the existing charging infrastructure. This will provide an opportunity to develop approaches to the energy supply of charging infrastructure and city’s power grid from renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of data on the number of charging sessions during the year, month and day. This data enable us to construct curves of the charging session number and suggest ways to conduct the next stages of this study. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2020-01251 Full Text: PD

The practice of interaction of Yekaterinburg technicum of industry technologies and service with «Aramil aviatic repair factory» connected with training of qualified workers in profession «metalworker on the repair of aviatic technology»

Статья посвящена опыту сотрудничества образовательной профессиональной организации с предприятием оборонно-промышленного комплекса Свердловской области в части подготовки высококвалифицированных рабочих кадров.The article is dedicated to the experience of cooperation of educational professional organization with the enterprise of defense-and-industrial complex in the Sverdlovsk region within the framework of the trainig of high qualified workers