19,204 research outputs found
Non-reciprocal few-photon devices based on chiral waveguide-emitter couplings
We demonstrate the possibility of designing efficient, non reciprocal
few-photon devices by exploiting the chiral coupling between two waveguide
modes and a single quantum emitter. We show how this system can induce
non-reciprocal photon transport at the single-photon level and act as an
optical diode. Afterwards, we also show how the same system shows a
transistor-like behaviour for a two-photon input. The efficiency in both cases
is shown to be large for feasible experimental implementations. Our results
illustrate the potential of chiral waveguide-emitter couplings for applications
in quantum circuitry.Comment: Mathematica notebook attached for calculation of detection
probabilitie
Quantum Decoherence of Photons in the Presence of Hidden U(1)s
Many extensions of the standard model predict the existence of hidden sectors
that may contain unbroken abelian gauge groups. We argue that in the presence
of quantum decoherence photons may convert into hidden photons on sufficiently
long time scales and show that this effect is strongly constrained by CMB and
supernova data. In particular, Planck-scale suppressed decoherence scales D ~
E^2/M_Pl (characteristic for non-critical string theories) are incompatible
with the presence of even a single hidden U(1). The corresponding bounds on the
decoherence scale are four orders of magnitude stronger than analogous bounds
derived from solar and reactor neutrino data and complement other bounds
derived from atmospheric neutrino data.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
Line-of-sight velocity distributions of elliptical galaxies from collisionless mergers
We analyse the skewness of the line-of-sight velocity distributions in model
elliptical galaxies built through collisionless galaxy mergers. We build the
models using large N-body simulations of mergers between either two spiral or
two elliptical galaxies. Our aim is to investigate whether the observed ranges
of skewness coefficient (h3) and the rotational support (V/sigma), as well as
the anticorrelation between h3 and V, may be reproduced through collisionless
mergers. Previous attempts using N-body simulations failed to reach V/sigma ~
1-2 and corresponding high h3 values, which suggested that gas dynamics and
ensuing star formation might be needed in order to explain the skewness
properties of ellipticals through mergers. Here we show that high V/sigma and
high h3 are reproduced in collisionless spiral-spiral mergers whenever a
central bulge allows the discs to retain some of their original angular
momentum during the merger. We also show that elliptical-elliptical mergers,
unless merging from a high-angular momentum orbit, reproduce the strong
skewness observed in non-rotating, giant, boxy ellipticals. The behaviour of
the h3 coefficient therefore associates rapidly-rotating disky ellipticals to
disc-disc mergers, and associates boxy, slowly-rotating giant ellipticals to
elliptical-elliptical mergers, a framework generally consistent with the
expectations of hierarchical galaxy formation.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS Letters, in pres
Recent results on self-dual configurations on the torus
We review the recent progress on our understanding of self-dual SU(N)
Yang-Mills configurations on the torus.Comment: Latex 3 pages, 1 figure. Contribution to the Lat99 Proceeding
Global Analysis of Neutrino Data
In this talk I review the present status of neutrino masses and mixing and
some of their implications for particle physics phenomenology. I first discuss
the minimum extension of the Standard Model of particle physics required to
accommodate neutrino masses and introduce the new parameters present in the
model and in particular the possibility of leptonic mixing. I then describe the
phenomenology of neutrino masses and mixing leading to flavour oscillations and
present the existing evidence from solar, reactor, atmospheric and
long-baseline neutrinos as well as the results from laboratory searches at
short distances. I derive the allowed ranges for the mass and mixing parameters
when the bulk of data is consistently analyzed in the framework of mixing
between the three active neutrinos and obtain as a result the most up-to-date
determination of the leptonic mixing matrix. Then I briefly summarize the
status of some proposed phenomenological explanations to accommodate the LSND
results: the role of sterile neutrinos and the violation of CPT. Finally I
comment how within the present experimental precision it is possible to use the
observation of oscillation patterns to impose severe constraints on the
possible violation of fundamental symmetries in particle physics such as
Lorentz invariance or the weak equivalence principle.Comment: Talk given at the Nobel Symposium on Neutrino Physics, Haga Slott,
Enkoping, Swede
Anomalous Higgs Couplings
We review the effects of new effective interactions on the Higgs boson
phenomenology. New physics in the electroweak bosonic sector is expected to
induce additional interactions between the Higgs doublet field and the
electroweak gauge bosons leading to anomalous Higgs couplings as well as to
anomalous gauge-boson self-interactions. Using a linearly realized invariant effective Lagrangian to describe the bosonic sector of
the Standard Model, we review the effects of the new effective interactions on
the Higgs boson production rates and decay modes. We summarize the results from
searches for the new Higgs signatures induced by the anomalous interactions in
order to constrain the scale of new physics in particular at CERN LEP and
Fermilab Te vatron colliders.Comment: 35 pages, latex using epsfig.sty psfig.sty and axodraw.sty, 16
postscript figure
A minor-merger origin for inner disks and rings in early-type galaxies
Nuclear disks and rings are frequent galaxy substructures, for a wide range
of morphological types (from S0 to Sc). We have investigated the possible
minor-merger origin of inner disks and rings in spiral galaxies through
collisionless N-body simulations. The models confirm that minor mergers can
drive the formation of thin, kinematically-cold structures in the center of
galaxies out of satellite material, without requiring the previous formation of
a bar. Satellite core particles tend to be deposited in circular orbits in the
central potential, due to the strong circularization experienced by the
satellite orbit through dynamical friction. The material of the satellite core
reaches the remnant center if satellites are dense or massive, building up a
thin inner disk; whereas it is fully disrupted before reaching the center in
the case of low-mass satellites, creating an inner ring instead.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the conference "Hunting for the
Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation", held in Malta, 19-23 Oct. 2009,
ed. V. Debattista and C. C. Popescu, AIP Conf. Ser., in pres
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