Innovation and Education: Is there a ‘Nerd Effect’?

This paper investigates whether entrepreneurs with technical education are more innovative in high-tech industries than economists. The main contribution to the literature is in using the type of education as main explanatory variable for innovation. To analyze this question, the KfW/ZEW Start-Up Panel between 2005 and 2007 is used. Two independent OLS regressions are conducted for entrepreneurs with university degree and practical education. The results suggest that education matters for individuals with a university degree in high-tech industries but not for people with practical education. Having an economics degree is correlated with higher innovativeness. Therefore, for the underlying sample we do not find a ‘nerd effect’. The results depend on the underlying definition of innovation, as robustness checks show.entrepreneurship, innovation, education

Inter- and Intramolecular recombinations in the Cucumber Mosaic Virus genome related to adaptation to Alstroemeria

In four distinct alstroemeria-infecting cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates, additional sequences of various lengths were present in the 3' nontranslated regions of their RNAs 2 and 3, apparently the result of intra- and intermolecular recombination events. Competition experiments revealed that these recombined RNA 2 and 3 segments increased the biological fitness of CMV in alstroemeri

The NS3 protein of rice hoja blanca virus suppresses RNA silencing in mammalian cells

The NS3 protein of the tenuivirus rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) has previously been shown to represent the viral RNA interference (RNAi) suppressor and is active in both plant and insect cells by binding short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in vitro. Using a firefly luciferase-based silencing assay it is described here that NS3 is also active in mammalian cells. This activity is independent of the inducer molecule used. Using either synthetic siRNAs or a short hairpin RNA construct, NS3 was able to significantly suppress the RNAi-mediated silencing of luciferase expression in both monkey (Vero) and human (HEK293) cells. These results support the proposed mode of action of NS3 to act by sequestering siRNAs, the key molecules of the RNAi pathway conserved in all eukaryotes. The possible applications of this protein in modulating RNAi and investigating the proposed antiviral RNAi response in mammalian cell systems are discussed

Efficiency of Rz-1 based rhizomania resistance and molecular studies on BNYVV isolates from sugar beet cultivation in Geece

A survey was carried out to investigate the current situation concerning rhizomania disease incidence in sugar beet cultivation of Greece. A systematic field evaluation over locations and years revealed a consistent disease severity pattern according to favourable agroclimatic conditions and pointed to the so far effectiveness of the Rz1 gene-based resistance, as no major disease outbreaks were observed. Molecular analyses aiming at the characterization of the type and genetic diversity of the virus further confirmed the widespread occurrence of BNYVV in the country, as evidenced by RT-PCR amplification of all five known genomic molecules and nested-PCR assays. None of the isolates contained an RNA 5, typically found in pathotype P. On the basis of RFLP patterns, all BNYVV isolates analysed were classified as pathotype A. Sequence determination of the full-length RNA 3-encoded p25 protein, responsible for symptom development, revealed amino acid motifs ACHG/VCHG in the hypervariable region aa67–70. The presence of valine in position 67 did not appear associated with increased pathogenicity and resistance breaking properties, as earlier reported

Innovation and Education: Is there a ‘Nerd Effect’?

This paper investigates whether entrepreneurs with technical education are more innovative in high-tech industries than economists. The main contribution to the literature is in using the type of education as main explanatory variable for innovation. To analyze this question, the KfW/ZEW Start-Up Panel between 2005 and 2007 is used. Two independent OLS regressions are conducted for entrepreneurs with university degree and practical education. The results suggest that education matters for individuals with a university degree in high-tech industries but not for people with practical education. Having an economics degree is correlated with higher innovativeness. Therefore, for the underlying sample we do not find a ‘nerd effect’. The results depend on the underlying definition of innovation, as robustness checks show

PREVALÊNCIA DAS DISFUNÇÕES DOS MÚSCULOS DO ASSOALHO PÉLVICO EM MULHERES QUE BUSCAM A REALIZAÇÃO DO EXAME PREVENTIVO DE CÂNCER DE COLO DE ÚTERO NAS UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE DO MUNICÍPIO DE ARARANGUÁ

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Araranguá. Fisioterapia.Assoalho pélvico, Constipação intestinal, Incontinência urinária, Dispareunia

Instrumentalizing the Expressive: Transplanting Sentencing Circles into the Canadian Criminal Trial

This Article examines reforms to criminal sentencing procedures in Canada, focusing on Aboriginal healing circles, which were incorporated as sentencing circles into the criminal trial. Using the lens of comparative law and legal transplants, this Article recounts the period of sentencing reform in Canada in the 1990s, when scholars, practitioners, and activists inquired into Aboriginal confrontation with the criminal justice system by comparing Euro-Canadian and Aboriginal justice values and principles. As a way to bridge the gap between vastly differing worldviews and approaches to justice, judges and Aboriginal justice advocates transplanted sentencing circles into the sentencing phase of the criminal trial. This Article presents original data compiled from a review of all published decisions in Canada that mention the term sentencing circle. It reviews judicial treatment of requests for sentencing circles, and tracks sentencing decisions once a circle was held. Additionally, this Article uses sentencing circles as a point of entry into conversations about legal instrumentalism in law reform and legal transplants. It argues that the progress of these reforms points to larger questions about culture and what it currently means to use law as a tool for social change

Physical self efficacy, injury, history and locus of control as predictors of athletes\u27 expected recovery actions in response to various levels of injury severity

Athletes and coaches from a university athletic program at the highest level of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association and a college athletic program at the lowest level of competition participated in this project designed to study athletes expected recovery actions when presented with various levels of injury. Physical self-efficacy, locus of control and injury history were considered as mediators in the expected recovery processes including expected recovery time, the number of recovery strategies, and reaction to permission for competition after injury. The Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (Ryckman, Robbins, Thorton, & Cantrell, 1982) and the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children (Nowicki & Strickland, 1973, adapted for use with college students and adults), were determined to be related to an athlete\u27s predicted recovery actions from specific mild, moderate, and severe injury. Coaches were determined to have the ability to accurately categorize athletes regarding physical self-efficacy and locus of control. Athletes with an internal locus of control were found to predict different recovery actions from athletes with an external locus of control. Likewise, athletes with high physical self-efficacy were found to predict different recovery actions from athletes with a low physical self-efficacy. When athletes, who were classified as having both an internal locus of control and a high physical self-efficacy were compared to athletes classified as having both external locus of control and low self-efficacy, additional differences were observed. The athletes differed on ratings of their own ability, predictions of recovery times, and on level of awareness of the injury site after approval for competition. Repeated injuries were determined to increase extemality of locus of control of athletes. Previous experience with injury, the athlete\u27s perceived level of ability in sport, and the coach\u27s perceptions of the athlete\u27s response to injury were also considered for their predictive ability for injury recovery

Sentencing Circles, Clashing Worldviews, and the Case of Christopher Pauchay

The case of Christopher Pauchay demonstrates some of the differences between predominant Euro-Canadian and First Nations approaches to dispute resolution. The principles of sentencing circles sometimes overlap with the principles of restorative justice and suggest their potential incorporation into the criminal justice system. The use of alternative processes that share some common values is not enough to overcome to chasm between Euro-Western and Aboriginal justice. Where underlying worldviews diff er, those who can choose between competing values amidst limited possibilities will likely choose the values that refl ect the conventional system. A comparison of Euro-Western and Aboriginal approaches to crime and punishment clarifi es why Pauchay’s sentencing circle was unsuccessful as an alternative option. Advocates of alternative methods must consider more than the implementation of a process when adapting selective cultural methods to the overarching system. Without further evaluation, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) itself becomes a mechanism of recolonization