Exploring the Boundaries of Historic Landscape Preservation

During the past thirty years, the sensitive management of historic landscapes has emerged as a prominent concern among those who appreciate how preserving a rich and vital past is integral to successful community and environmental stewardship. Accompanied by a critical introduction and concluding essay, the papers in this volume convey the diversity of contemporary historic landscape preservation projects located in North America, England, Germany, India, and Australia. Exploring the Boundaries of Historic Landscape Preservation offers an excellent summation of the current state of discussion and practice in this exciting field and casts light on some of the active frontiers of its future growth.https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cudp_environment/1003/thumbnail.jp

Panel 11. Paper 11.3: Views through rose-colored glasses: the need for diverse lenses to support rural landscape heritage

The ICOMOS-IFLA Principles Concerning Rural Landscape as Heritage (the Principles; 2017) provide a comprehensive outline of the fields and work required to better recognise and safeguard rural landscape heritage. The Principles acknowledge that the field of heritage conservation cannot sustain rural places and traditional rural heritage landscapes on their own, but must engage with a diverse breadth of disciplines to support and safeguard these spaces. The Principles seek to address loss and adverse changes to rural landscapes and their associated communities through the recognition, safeguarding, and promotion of their heritage values. They aim to promote an appropriate balance between economic, social, cultural, and environmental studies and practices. To achieve this, local communities, advocacy groups, and disciplinary experts must necessarily work together to achieve the aspirational goals presented in the Principles document. The Principles provide specific measures related to understanding, protecting, sustainably managing, and communicating the heritage values of rural landscapes. This presentation will provide examples of the disciplinary expertise required to apply the Principles, with particular emphasis on the actions associated with understanding and documenting rural landscapes. We argue strongly for the need to engage with skills across the spectra of academic and applied disciplines, which include the humanities (e.g., history, philosophy, languages, cultural studies, religious studies, law, politics), social sciences (e.g., anthropology, archaeology, landscape architecture, heritage conservation, geography, economics), and sciences (e.g., geology, geomorphology, hydrology, ecology, botany, zoology). We also outline some of the methods – qualitative, quantitative, and comparative – necessary for interdisciplinary collaboration; and consider the role of post-humanism, integration of cultural and natural systems, and rights-based approaches in undertaking collaborative projects. We emphasise the need for all collaborative and intra-disciplinary work to be driven by local communities (as evidenced in many cooperative groups in the handicraft sector, for example)

Influence of the evolution of cultural landscapes as heritage on 20th century international heritage preservation doctrine

The Athens and Venice charters are generally considered the philosophical foundation of modern heritage preservation. Throughout the 20th century, preservation practitioners have continually debated these early doctrines, especially as they’ve been applied to increasingly diverse places in ever-changing social contexts. As important shifts in heritage preservation theory have evolved, a broad range of values have extended the definition of cultural heritage from monument-specific sites to larger landscapes, from local to regional and national scales, from expert to traditional knowledge, and from static cultural fabric to dynamic ecological processes. This paper argues that the recognition and development of cultural landscapes as valued heritage has been an important influence on the evolution of both broad values of heritage and conservation approaches included in international doctrine. Examination of the 1972 World Heritage Convention, 1979 Burra Charter, 1982 Florence Charter, and the 1994 Nara Document on Authenticity demonstrates that the emergence of cultural landscape assessment and conservation practices have influenced contemporary heritage doctrine to move beyond early preservation philosophy. Inclusion of cultural landscapes in international, national and local instruments and policies has shaped a concept of heritage that has become increasingly dynamic, inclusive, and reliant on local and Indigenous leadership, governance, and traditional knowledge systems and institutions. Successful preservation of cultural landscapes recognizes the interplay of tangible and intangible heritage and the dynamic interlinked relationship between nature and culture. Sustaining the values and authenticity of cultural landscapes over time requires changes in conservation practice that negotiates a delicate balance between continuity and change, and addresses the sustainability of social, cultural, and economic processes. These shifts in international heritage doctrine, in response to recognition of cultural landscapes, have begun to create a more inclusive and expansive view of heritage values and conservation. Français : Les chartes d\u27Athènes et de Venise sont généralement considérées comme le fondement philosophique de la préservation du patrimoine moderne. Tout au long du 20e siècle, les praticiens de la préservation ont continuellement débattu de ces premières doctrines, d\u27autant plus qu\u27elles ont été appliquées à des endroits de plus en plus divers dans des contextes sociaux en constante évolution. Au fur et à mesure que d\u27importants changements dans la théorie de la préservation du patrimoine ont évolué, un large éventail de valeurs a étendu la définition du patrimoine culturel des sites spécifiques aux monuments à des paysages plus vastes, des échelles locales aux échelles régionales et nationales, des connaissances expertes aux connaissances traditionnelles, et du tissu culturel statique aux processus écologiques dynamiques. Cet article soutient que la reconnaissance et le développement des paysages culturels en tant que patrimoine valorisé ont eu une influence importante sur l\u27évolution à la fois des valeurs générales du patrimoine et des approches de conservation incluses dans la doctrine internationale. L\u27examen de la Convention du patrimoine mondial de 1972, de la Charte de Burra de 1979, de la Charte de Florence de 1982 et du Document de Nara sur l\u27authenticité de 1994 démontre que l\u27émergence des pratiques d\u27évaluation et de conservation des paysages culturels a influencé la doctrine contemporaine du patrimoine pour aller au-delà de la philosophie de préservation initiale. L\u27inclusion des paysages culturels dans les instruments et politiques internationaux, nationaux et locaux a façonné un concept de patrimoine qui est devenu de plus en plus dynamique, inclusif et dépendant du leadership local et autochtone, de la gouvernance et des systèmes et institutions de connaissances traditionnelles. La préservation réussie des paysages culturels reconnaît l\u27interaction du patrimoine matériel et immatériel et la relation dynamique et imbriquée entre la nature et la culture. Le maintien des valeurs et de l\u27authenticité des paysages culturels au fil du temps nécessite des changements dans les pratiques de conservation qui négocient un équilibre délicat entre continuité et changement, et aborde la durabilité des processus sociaux, culturels et économiques. Ces changements dans la doctrine du patrimoine international, en réponse à la reconnaissance des paysages culturels, ont commencé à créer une vision plus inclusive et plus large des valeurs et de la conservation du patrimoine. Español: Las cartas de Atenas y Venecia generalmente se consideran la base filosófica de la preservación del patrimonio moderno. A lo largo del siglo XX, los profesionales de la preservación han debatido continuamente estas primeras doctrinas, especialmente porque se han aplicado a lugares cada vez más diversos en contextos sociales en constante cambio. A medida que han evolucionado importantes cambios en la teoría de la preservación del patrimonio, una amplia gama de valores ha ampliado la definición de patrimonio cultural de sitios específicos de monumentos a paisajes más amplios, de escalas local a regional y nacional, de conocimiento experto a conocimiento tradicional y de tejido cultural estático. a los procesos ecológicos dinámicos. Este artículo sostiene que el reconocimiento y desarrollo de los paisajes culturales como patrimonio valioso ha sido una influencia importante en la evolución de los valores generales del patrimonio y los enfoques de conservación incluidos en la doctrina internacional. El examen de la Convención del Patrimonio Mundial de 1972, la Carta de Burra de 1979, la Carta de Florencia de 1982 y el Documento de Nara sobre autenticidad de 1994 demuestra que el surgimiento de la evaluación del paisaje cultural y las prácticas de conservación han influido en la doctrina del patrimonio contemporáneo para ir más allá de la filosofía de la preservación temprana. La inclusión de paisajes culturales en los instrumentos y políticas internacionales, nacionales y locales ha dado forma a un concepto de patrimonio que se ha vuelto cada vez más dinámico, inclusivo y dependiente del liderazgo local e indígena, la gobernanza y los sistemas e instituciones de conocimiento tradicional. La preservación exitosa de los paisajes culturales reconoce la interacción del patrimonio tangible e inmaterial y la relación dinámica e interconectada entre la naturaleza y la cultura. Mantener los valores y la autenticidad de los paisajes culturales a lo largo del tiempo requiere cambios en la práctica de conservación que negocia un delicado equilibrio entre la continuidad y el cambio, y aborda la sostenibilidad de los procesos sociales, culturales y económicos. Estos cambios en la doctrina del patrimonio internacional, en respuesta al reconocimiento de los paisajes culturales, han comenzado a crear una visión más inclusiva y expansiva de los valores y la conservación del patrimonio

Gathering, Buying, and Growing Sweetgrass (Muhlenbergia sericea): Urbanization and Social Networking in the Sweetgrass Basket-Making Industry of Lowcountry South Carolina

Despite the visibility of natural resource use and access for indigenous and rural peoples elsewhere, less attention is paid to the ways that development patterns interrupt nontimber forest products (NTFPs) and gathering practices by people living in urbanizing landscapes of the United States. Using a case study from Lowcountry South Carolina, we examine how urbanization has altered the political-ecological relationships that characterize gathering practices in greater Mt. Pleasant, a rapidly urbanizing area within the Charleston-North Charleston Metropolitan area. We draw on grounded visualization—an analytical method that integrates qualitative and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data—to examine the ways that residential and commercial development has altered collecting sites and practices associated with sweetgrass (Muhlenbergia sericea [Michx.] P.M. Peterson) and three other plant materials used in basket-making. Our analysis focuses on the ecological changes and shifts in property regimes that result; we detail the strategies basket-makers have developed to maintain access to sweetgrass and other raw materials. This research highlights how land development patterns have disrupted historic gathering practices, namely by changing the distribution of plants, altering the conditions of access to these species, and reconfiguring the social networking that takes place to ensure the survival of this distinctive art form

Expanding the Profile of Short Term Vacation Rental (STVR) Hosts in Savannah, GA

Expanding the Profile of Short Term Vacation Rental (STVR) Hosts in Savannah, GA Abstract This research explores the complex identities of STVR hosts through their roles as entrepreneurs and residents in the communities that they host and live. Additionally, this research studies how hosts’ fluid identity uniquely positions them as potential sustainable entrepreneurs in their community. A total of 26 in-depth interviews were conducted with hosts or STVR managers that were once hosts. As entrepreneurs, extrinsic motivations are often initial drivers for hosting but intrinsic benefits become integral to the enjoyment of hosting and an important motivator for continued participation. As residents, hosts were mixed in their sense of community but many voiced concerns over STVR impacts on their community. Lastly, many hosts already exhibit elements of sustainable entrepreneurship through listing specific efforts to reduce waste i.e. advertising compost bins to guests or promoting minority-owned businesses to guests

“To Plan or ot to Plan:” Serendipitous vs. Organized Travel

The recent invention and popularity of mobile navigation devices have increased the possibility of unplanned, serendipitous travel. To better understand the independent travel market, this study developed a scale for the construct “Style of Independent Travel” (SIT) in order to explore the serendipitous and organized dimensions of travel and their relationship to relevant travel behavior. The scale was included in a survey of visitors to the Rocky Knob area of southwest Virginia. Findings revealed that tourists had a higher preference for travelling spontaneously than following a fixed and organized itinerary and that serendipity and organization in travel was related to travel planning and visitor activities. However, there was no significant relationship between SIT, past visitation, and role of the destination as primary destination or stopover

The Interrelationships of Land, Culture and Heritage: The Gullah Geechee Communities of the Southeastern United States

The United States has long been known as a melting pot of world cultures which, one might assume, would create homogenous cultural landscapes. Yet over the past 350 years, the Gullah Geechee people of the southeastern coast and Sea Islands have created a distinctive landscape. This landscape reflects their cultural milieu resulting from the traditions of their West Afri­can heritage coupled with the influence of European plantation owners and the physical ecology and isolation of the region. As a result, Gullah Geechee communities are perhaps the most distinctive Americans of African descent in the United States.This chapter offers insight into the critical relationship between a people, their land and their communities. Further, it presents an analysis of how the cultural heritage of the Gullah Geechee people evolved through interactions with the landscape, local laws and customs, and many social and cultural groups to produce communities that are socially supportive and self-reliant. The land is an inextricable part of their culture and communities. Given the present day threats to their land, and therefore their tangible and intangible cultural heritage, recognition of Gullah Geechee traditional development patterns and leadership from these communities will help to sustain their communities into the future