Investigação Literária: aprendizagem, subjetividade e criatividade na criança autista e influências dos ambientes externos

The authorial process refers to a person's ability to express their own unique voice and perspective through different forms of communication, such as writing, art and symbolic play. In autistic children, the authorial process can be influenced by a number of factors, including language abilities, specific interests and sensory sensitivities. Exploring and supporting the authorial process in autistic children is crucial to promoting self-expression, autonomy and personal identity. In addition to individual aspects, external environments play a significant role in the development and well-being of autistic children. This includes both the physical environment, such as the classroom and the home, and the social environment, such as interactions with peers, family members and health professionals. The literature reviewed highlights the importance of inclusive environments that are sensitive to the needs of autistic children and that promote learning, creativity and positive identity development. In short, the interaction between learning, subjectivity and creativity in autistic children is a complex and multifaceted field that deserves significant attention from researchers, educators and health professionals. By better understanding these processes and influences, we can develop more effective and inclusive approaches to support the development and well-being of autistic children, enabling them to reach their full potential and contribute meaningfully to their lives.  O processo autoral refere-se à capacidade de uma pessoa expressar sua própria voz e perspectiva única por meio de diferentes formas de comunicação, como a escrita, a arte e o jogo simbólico. Em crianças autistas, o processo autoral pode ser influenciado por uma série de fatores, incluindo habilidades de linguagem, interesses específicos e sensibilidades sensoriais. Explorar e apoiar o processo autoral em crianças autistas é crucial para promover a autoexpressão, a autonomia e a identidade pessoal. Além dos aspectos individuais, os ambientes externos desempenham um papel significativo no desenvolvimento e bem-estar das crianças autistas. Isso inclui tanto o ambiente físico, como a sala de aula e a casa, quanto o ambiente social, como as interações com colegas, familiares e profissionais de saúde. A literatura revisada destaca a importância de ambientes inclusivos e sensíveis às necessidades das crianças autistas, que promovam a aprendizagem, a criatividade e o desenvolvimento positivo da identidade. Em suma, a interação entre aprendizagem, subjetividade e criatividade em crianças autistas é um campo complexo e multifacetado, que merece uma atenção significativa por parte dos pesquisadores, educadores e profissionais de saúde. Ao compreendermos melhor esses processos e influências, podemos desenvolver abordagens mais eficazes e inclusivas para apoiar o desenvolvimento e bem-estar das crianças autistas, capacitando-as a alcançar seu pleno potencial e contribuir de forma significativa para a sociedade

As teorias etiológicas da esquizofrenia

This literature review study entitled "The etiological theories of schizophrenia" addresses the different theoretical perspectives that seek to understand the causes underlying the development of schizophrenia. By synthesizing and analyzing relevant scientific studies and research, the article explores the main etiological theories, including genetic, neurobiological, environmental and psychosocial factors. The critical synthesis of these theories provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge about the origins of schizophrenia, contributing to a deeper understanding of this complex psychiatric condition and directing future research in the field.Esse estudo de revisão de literatura intitulado "As teorias etiológicas da esquizofrenia" aborda as diversas perspectivas teóricas que buscam compreender as causas subjacentes ao desenvolvimento da esquizofrenia. Ao sintetizar e analisar estudos e pesquisas científicas relevantes, o artigo explora as principais teorias etiológicas, incluindo fatores genéticos, neurobiológicos, ambientais e psicossociais. A síntese crítica dessas teorias proporciona uma visão abrangente do estado atual do conhecimento sobre as origens da esquizofrenia, contribuindo para a compreensão mais aprofundada dessa complexa condição psiquiátrica e direcionando futuras pesquisas no campo. &nbsp

Vulnerability of caregivers for the elderly with dementia: integrative review

Objective: To analyze the vulnerability of caregivers of elderly with dementia. Method: This is an integrative review of quantitative and qualitative nature. The data collection period was from 01/09/14 to 10/30/14. Results: Of the articles analyzed, 26% point interventions to relieve overload; 20% analyze the depression load; 16% of studies address caregiver burden; 14% guided their discussions in physical and spiritual well-being, psychological and social well-being and damage to quality of life; 12% adress stress. Conclusion: Researchers from several countries show the care impact on the life of the caregiver, highlighting: the emotional overload, routine stress, and depressive symptoms. However, there are mitigation measures identified through the research that can contribute to the everyday stress relief, such as the daily practice of yoga meditation, religion, the positive relationship between the family, the elderly and the caregiver

Assessment of a fruit extract (Sechium edule) on the labeling of blood elements with technetium-99m

Natural products have been widely used by human beings. However, sometimes the biological effects of these products are not fully known. Chayotte (Sechium edule) is a vegetable used in the folk medicine. Red blood cells (RBC) labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) have several clinical applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of an extract of chayotte on the labeling of blood elements with 99mTc using stannous chloride (SnCl2) in the concentrations like to 1.2, 0.006, 0.0005 and 0.0006 μg/ml. The extract of chayote was incubated in various concentrations for 1hour with blood which was withdrawn from Wistar rats. After that SnCl2 was added and the incubation continued for more 1 h. Elapsed this time 99mTc as sodium pertechnetate (NaTcO4) was toted. The blood was centrifuged and plasma (P) and RBC were isolated, also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA, 5%) and soluble (S) and insoluble (I) fractions (F) of plasma and cells (C) were determined. The radioactivity (ATI%) was rated in RBC, IF-P and IF-C. The results have showed that extract was able to reduce the radiolabeling using SnCl2 (0.006, 0.0005 and 0.0006μg/ml). We can speculate that this effect may be on account of the products with oxidant proprieties. Key Words: chayote, red blood cells, plasma proteins, technetium-99m, radiopharmacy. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(9) 2004: 484-48

Effect of Ginkgo biloba on the labeling of blood elements with technetium-99m: in vitro study

Ginkgo biloba is the phytoterapic most used in popular medicine in the treatment of cerebral senescence. Red blood cells (RBC) labeled with technetium-99m (Tc-99m) is used for several evaluations in nuclear medicine. This labeling depends on a reducing agent, usually the stannous ion. Any drug, which alters the labeling of the tracer, could be expected to modify the disposition of the radiopharmaceutical. We have evaluated the influence of the Ginkgo biloba extract on the labeling of RBC and plasma proteins with Tc-99m. Blood was withdrawn and incubated with Ginkgo biloba extract (0; 0.004; 0.04; 0.4; 4; 20 and 40 mg/ml). Stannous chloride (1.2 ml/ml) was added and, then, Tc-99m was added. Plasma (P) and blood cells (RBC) were isolated, also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and soluble (SF) and insoluble fractions (IF) separated. The analysis of the results shows that there is a decrease in the radioactivity (from 97.7 ± 0.7 to 49.5 ± 3.9%) in RBC with the drug (4 mg/ml). In the labeling process of RBC with Tc-99m, the stannous and pertechnetate ions pass though the membrane, so, we suggest that the Ginkgo biloba effect can be explained by (i) an inhibition of the transport of these ions, (ii) damage in membrane, (iii) competition with the cited ions for the same binding sites, or (iv) possible generation of reactive oxygen species that could oxidize the stannous ion

AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTI-HELMÍNTICA DE EXTRATOS AQUOSOS DE Bidens pilosa L. NA ELIMINAÇÃO DE Vampirolepis nana (VON SIEBOLD, 1952) SPASSKII, 1954

Foram realizados testes com extratos aquosos de Bidens pilosa L. (picão-preto), com o objetivo de avaliar sua atividade anti-helmíntica. Os infusos das folhas frescas a 5, 10 e 20% foram aplicados por via intragástrica, durante três dias consecutivos, em camundongos naturalmente infectados com Vampirolepis nana (Von Siebold, 1952) Spasskii, 1954. Além desses testes, também foi realizada a análise fitoquímica da planta com o objetivo de investigar a presença de determinados compostos secundários. A análise fitoquímica evidenciou a presença de: açúcares redutores, derivados da cumarina, saponinas e taninos. A atividade anti-helmíntica foi avaliada pelo método crítico controlado e os resultados obtidos são promissores quanto ao potencial terapêutico vermífugo dos extratos de B. pilosa, principalmente se for considerado que os testes foram realizados com extratos aquosos

Full Length Research Paper - Assessment of a fruit extract (Sechium edule) on the labeling of blood elements with technetium-99m

Natural products have been widely used by human beings. However, sometimes the biological effects of these products are not fully known. Chayotte (Sechium edule ) is a vegetable used in the folk medicine. Red blood cells (RBC) labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) have several clinical applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of an extract of chayotte on the labeling of blood elements with 99mTc using stannous chloride (SnCl2) in the concentrations like to 1.2, 0.006, 0.0005 and 0.0006 mg/ml. The extract of chayote was incubated in various concentrations for 1hour with blood which was withdrawn from Wistar rats. After that SnCl2 was added and the incubation continued for more 1 h. Elapsed this time 99mTc as sodium pertechnetate (NaTcO4) was toted. The blood was centrifuged and plasma (P) and RBC were isolated, also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA, 5%) and soluble (S) and insoluble (I) fractions (F) of plasma and cells (C) were determined. The radioactivity (ATI%) was rated in RBC, IF-P and IF-C. The results have showed that extract was able to reduce the radiolabeling using SnCl2 (0.006, 0.0005 and 0.0006 μg/ml). We can speculate that this effect may be on account of the products with oxidant proprieties

EFEITOS DE CINCO SEMANAS DE UM PROGRAMA DE SHIATSUTERAPIA SOBRE A FASE DO ESTRESSE E NÍVEIS PRESSÓRICOS DE ADULTOS HIPERTENSOS

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos crônicos de um programa de shiatsuterapia sobre os níveis pressóricos e de estresse de adultos hipertensos. Participaram 11 voluntários, de ambos os gêneros, com idade média de 51 a 54 anos (±6,93 anos), sedentários e com diagnóstico médico de hipertensão arterial. Foram identificados os seguintes dados para a execução do estudo: pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (PAS e PAD), nível de atividade física e a fase do estresse, de acordo com Lipp. O tratamento estatístico foi composto por análise descritiva e inferencial, por meio dos testes de Shapiro-Wilk e Análise de Variância (ANOVA) 2 x 3 para verificar as variações nas médias das variáveis dependentes (Pressão Arterial - fase anterior x durante x após o tratamento) e o procedimento Post-Hoc de Tukey foi usado para identificar as possíveis diferenças oriundas dos dados. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi realizado para comparar as respostas das questões analisadas no questionário de estresse. Os resultados mostraram que, após cinco semanas de tratamento, os indivíduos não apresentaram melhoras significativas (p>0.05) na e#916;%PAS (e#916;=-7,14±4,60; p=0,08>0,05) e e#916;%PAD (e#916;=-6,32±8,91; p=0,55>0,05). Porém, ocorreram melhoras nos valores e níveis pressóricos, ausentando-se da classificação de hipertensão estágio I para pressão normal elevada. Com relação à fase do estresse, os indivíduos foram classificados na fase de resistência antes, durante e após cinco semanas de tratamento