Could effective microorganisms improve tolerance of UCB1 pistachio to salinity?

Salinity is one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth which can reduce its undesirable effects through stress modulators. In order to investigate the effect of effective microorganisms (EM) on morphological indices and activity of some enzymes in UCB1 rootstock pistachio under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted as a randomized complete blocks design. Factors included were salinity stress at four levels (0.7, 5, 10 and 13.6 dS m-1) and EM at two levels (0, 1%) with three replications. Treatments were applied for three months on plants. The results showed that increasing salinity decreased seedling height, leaf number, stem and root fresh and dry weight, but the activity of (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (AXP) enzymes increased compared to control treatment, whereas EM application showed that concentration of 1% of this fertilizer increased the measured morphological indices and decreased the activity of CAT, POD and AXP enzymes. Interaction effect between salinity and EM was significant only on morphological indices. According to the results, it can be stated that application of EM could reduce adverse effects of salinity stress on the UCB1 rootstock.Salinity is one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth which can reduce its undesirable effects through stress modulators. In order to investigate the effect of effective microorganisms (EM) on morphological indices and activity of some enzymes in UCB1 rootstock pistachio under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted as a randomized complete blocks design. Factors included were salinity stress at four levels (0.7, 5, 10 and 13.6 dS m-1) and EM at two levels (0, 1%) with three replications. Treatments were applied for three months on plants. The results showed that increasing salinity decreased seedling height, leaf number, stem and root fresh and dry weight, but the activity of (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (AXP) enzymes increased compared to control treatment, whereas EM application showed that concentration of 1% of this fertilizer increased the measured morphological indices and decreased the activity of CAT, POD and AXP enzymes. Interaction effect between salinity and EM was significant only on morphological indices. According to the results, it can be stated that application of EM could reduce adverse effects of salinity stress on the UCB1 rootstock

Effect of substrate and cultivar on growth characteristic of strawberry in soilless culture system

The investigation was carried out for evaluation effect of substrate and cultivar on growth characteristic of strawberry in soilless culture system. Experimental treatment consisted of three strawberry cultivars (Camarosa, Mrak and Selva) and six growing media (rice hull, sycamore pruning waste, cocopeat + perlite (50:50), vermicomposts + perlite + coco peat (5:45:50), (15:40:45) and (25:35:40). Measured factors were dry and fresh weight of root and shoot, runner number, petiole length, leaf area, total biomass and root/shoot ratio. Measured physical and chemical characteristics of different substrate consisted of pH, EC, porosity, bulk density, particle density, % organic material and % inorganic material. Results show that these cultivars responded differently to different substrates under this investigation. Furthermore, these substrates had significant effects on cultivars. Camarosa cultivar had the highest of leaf area, length of petiole, runner number and total biomass. Mrak cultivar was the highest of yield. Adding vermicompost to substrates was effected in most of traits.Keywords: Substrate, vermicompost, strawberry, growth characteristics, cultiva

اثر اسید هیومیک روی برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی انار رقم اردستانی

13 Pags.- 5 Tabls.[EN] In order to evaluate the effect of foliar spray of humic acid on the yield and quality characteristics of pomegranate fruit, an experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with four replicates in Mahvalat city during 2014 and 2015. Foliar sprays of humic acid were carried out at four concentrations (0 (control treatment), 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/L-1) at two stages, full bloom and one month after full bloom. Results obtained showed that humic acid sprays had significant effects on fruit yield, number of fruits per tree, fruit weight and fruit size. The highest yield and number of fruits per tree were obtained with the concentration of 3000mg/L-1 humic acid, whereas the heaviest and largest fruits were obtained with the concentration of 2000mg/L-1. Furthermore, humic acid sprays led to increases in TSS, pH, total anthocyanin and total carbohydrate and decreases in TA, in comparison with the control treatment. Foliar applications of humic acid had no effects on the juice antioxidant activity and total phenols. Application of humic acid increased the leaf concentration of N, K and Zn and decreased the leaf concentration of P, whereas it had no significant effect on the leaf Ca and Fe concentrations. Generally speaking, the results obtained showed that foliar sprays of humic acid led to increases in fruit yield through increases in the number of fruit per tree, fruit size and fruit weight, and also it improved the quality parameters of pomegranate fruit.[AR] به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اسید‌ هیومیک‌ بر عملکرد و ویژگی‌های کیفی میوه انار، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در شهرستان مه‌ولات در طی سال‌های 1393 و 1394 انجام پذیرفت. محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک با چهار غلظت (صفر (تیمار شاهد)، 1000، 2000 و 3000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) در دو مرحله تمام گل و یک ماه بعد از تمام گل انجام پذیرفت. نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک اثر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد، تعداد میوه در درخت، میانگین وزن و اندازه میوه داشت. بیش‌ترین عملکرد و تعداد میوه در درخت با غلظت 3000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک به‌دست آمد، درحالی‌که بیش‌ترین وزن و اندازه میوه با غلظت 2000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر حاصل شد. علاوه بر این، محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک منجر به افزایش مواد جامد محلول، pH، آنتوسیانین کل و کربوهیدرات کل و کاهش اسید قابل تیتر نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک تأثیری بر ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و فنل کل عصاره میوه نداشت. کاربرد اسید هیومیک سبب افزایش غلظت عناصر نیتروژن، پتاسیم و روی و کاهش غلظت فسفر در برگ شد، درحالی‌که تأثیری بر غلظت عناصر کلسیم و آهن در برگ نداشت. به‌طورکلی نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک منجر به افزایش عملکرد از طریق افزایش در تعداد میوه، اندازه و وزن میوه شده و هم‌چنین سبب بهبود شاخص‌های کیفی میوه انار شده است.Peer reviewe

Dynamic changes of relative growth rate (RGR) under different irrigation levels.

<p>(A) Fruit RGR. (B) Shoot RGR. Data shows mean values ± standard error. Labels and statistics are described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120246#pone.0120246.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>.</p

Diurnal courses of environmental conditions and water deficit intensity.

<p>(A) Air temperature, rainfall and reference evapotranspiration, ETp at the Golmakan meteorological station, Iran; (B) water deficit for different irrigation treatments during the 2011 growing season</p

Evolution of the fruit growth under different irrigation levels.

<p>(A) Fruit volume. (B) Fruit dry matter content. Data shows mean values ± standard error. Labels and statistics are described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120246#pone.0120246.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>.</p

Monthly water balance components: crop evapotranspiration (ETc), Sum of rainfall, irrigation and soil supply for different irrigation treatments in the 2011 growing season.

<p>Monthly water balance components: crop evapotranspiration (ETc), Sum of rainfall, irrigation and soil supply for different irrigation treatments in the 2011 growing season.</p

Non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations of peach trunk after harvest for different irrigation treatments.

<p>Data are mean values of twelve replicates ± standard error. Values followed by the same letter within a row are not significantly different.</p><p>Non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations of peach trunk after harvest for different irrigation treatments.</p

Evolution of the leaf gas exchange under different irrigation levels.

<p>(A) Assimilation, (B) Stomatal conductance and (C) Transpiration. Data are mean values of 20 replicates ± standard error. Labels and statistics are described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120246#pone.0120246.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>.</p