Comparison of Early and Late Conversion of Sirolimus in Experimental Model of Chronic Cyclosporine Nephropathy

Sirolimus (SRL) is a promising drug for replacing calcineurin inhibitors. We performed this study to determine the optimal time of conversion from cyclosporine (CsA) to SRL in an experimental model of chronic CsA nephropathy. Three separate studies were performed. In the first study, SRL was given to rats with or without CsA for 4 weeks. In the second study, rats were treated initially with CsA for 1 week, and then switched to SRL (early conversion). In the third study, CsA was given for 4 weeks and then replaced by SRL for 4 weeks treatment of CsA (late conversion). The influence of SRL on CsA-induced renal injury was evaluated by assessing renal function, histopathology (interstitial inflammation and fibrosis), and apoptotic cell death. Combined CsA and SRL treatment significantly impaired renal function, increased apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis and inflammation compared with CsA or SRL treatment alone. Early conversion to SRL did not change renal function, histopathology, or apoptosis compared with early CsA withdrawal. By contrast, late conversion to SRL significantly aggravated these parameters compared with late CsA withdrawal. In conclusion, early conversion from CsA to SRL is effective in preventing CsA-induced renal injury in a setting of CsA-induced renal injury

Multi-level influences on individual perceptions of organizational citizenship behavior norms

Research Paper Series (National University of Singapore. Faculty of Business Administration); 2006-0071-4

Analysis and study of sea to land links

Big stable and sailing ships in the open sea might be a blockage for line of sight (LOS) propagation for wireless link between the shore and sea. These blockages are classified as non line of sight (NLOS) propagation, which will somehow interrupt the sea to land transmission. This report will study the setup for channel characterization using spread spectrum channel surrounding with Pseudo-random Noise (PN) Sequence. The focus will be on the LOS and NLOS propagation to identify the minimum stand-off distance from the ship.Bachelor of Engineerin

Effects of individual-perceived and aggregate group norms on organizational citizenship behavior

Research Paper Series (National University of Singapore. Faculty of Business Administration); 2006-0081-3

Effects of group characteristics on group-level organization citizenship behavior

Research Paper Series (National University of Singapore. Faculty of Business Administration); 2006-0061-3

Evaluating business school undergraduates' situation analytical ability

Research Paper Series (National University of Singapore. Faculty of Business Administration); 1997-0561-3

Hutchison Whampoa: A Global 3G Giant in the Making?

This case focuses on an unprecedented attempt by an Asian telecommunications company to capture a sizable share of the emerging, potentially lucrative global 3G (third-generation) mobile communication services market. It provides details on several crucial aspects of the huge risk-taking venture undertaken by Hong Kong-based Hutchison Whampoa for the period between 2000 and 2003. If successful, the endeavor would not only translate into huge monetary gains for Hutchison Whampoa, it would also show a contrarian style of investing and a far-sighted "gamble" could be systematically and skillfully planned and executed by ambitious enterprising decision makers. It would shed light on how real-life strategists could craft a corporate-level growth model by capitalizing on the synergy made possible by a portfolio of successful businesses available at hand.

Network Linkage and Organizational Transformation: A Longitudinal Study of the United States Mutual Fund Industry

118 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1993.In this dissertation, I propose that federal network linkage, defined as the linking of organized entities to a common federation management, should have significant bearing on organizational transformation. Two contrasting predictions of the impact of the linkage were derived and tested on the U.S. mutual fund industry. In the network inertia thesis, network linkage creates inertia and reduces the ability and willingness of the management to undertake major changes. In the network fluidity thesis, increased unabsorbed slack, diffused impact of change failure, and enhanced external legitimacy claim may enhance the ability of and lower the barriers facing the management to undertake core changes. The results show that the federation of mutual funds within the industry generally reduces the likelihood of core feature change, supporting the network inertia view of linkage. However, federal network linkage has significant interactive effects (mostly positive) with fund specialism, environmental downturn, market competition, and previous change experience on mutual fund transformation, suggesting support for the network fluidity view. The evidence empirically demonstrates the close relationships between interorganizational linkage and organizational transformation.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD