Modulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Neuropeptide Y, Glutamate, and Substance P in Ganglia and Brain Areas Involved in Cardiovascular Control after Chronic Exposure to Nicotine

Considering that nicotine instantly interacts with central and peripheral nervous systems promoting cardiovascular effects after tobacco smoking, we evaluated the modulation of glutamate, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and substance P (SP) in nodose/petrosal and superior cervical ganglia, as well as TH and NPY in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after 8 weeks of nicotine exposure. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization data demonstrated increased expression of TH in brain and ganglia related to blood pressure control, preferentially in SHR, after nicotine exposure. The alkaloid also increased NPY immunoreactivity in ganglia, NTS, and PVN of SHR, in spite of decreasing its receptor (NPY1R) binding in NTS of both strains. Nicotine increased SP and glutamate in ganglia. In summary, nicotine positively modulated the studied variables in ganglia while its central effects were mainly constrained to SHR

Uji Kualitas Briket Bioarang Berbahan Dasar Arang Kotoran Kambing, Arang Kotoran Sapi dan Arang Kotoran Ayam

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of bioarang briquettes processed using goat manure charcoal, cow manure charcoal and chicken manure charcoal. This research will be carried out in December-February 2019, this research will be conducted in 2 locations, where in the first stage bioarang briquettes are made in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture Timor of University, while the second phase is tested on the quality of bioarang briquettes conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Nutrition and Science Feed Technology IPB. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments: Goat manure briquette (GMB) : Goat droppings 90% + starch 10%; cow dung briquettes (CDB) : 90% Cow dung + 10% starch and ; chicken manure briquette (CMB): 90% chicken manure + 10% starch and repeated 10 times so that there are 30 units of experimental unit. Anova variance results showed that the parameters of ash content, combustion rate and heating value showed significant differences (P <0.05). It was concluded that the best quality briquettes are briquettes made from basic ingredients of goat manure which produce lower water content (36.12%), ash content (38.62%) and calorific value (3525 cal / g) while the best combustion rate is given by cow dung briquettes (0.29g / sec).Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas briket bioarang yang diproses menggunakan arang kotoran kambing, arang kotoran sapi dan arang kotoran ayam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember-Februari 2019, dan dilakukan di 2 lokasi, dimana pada tahap I dilakukan di Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian Unimor untuk pembuatan briket bioarang, sedangkan pada tahap II dilakukan pengujian kualitas briket bioarang pada Laboratorium Fakultas Peternakan Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan IPB. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan : Briket kotoran kambing (BKK): kotoran Kambing 90 % + tepung kanji 10 %; briket kotoran sapi (BKS): kotoran Sapi 90 % + tepung kanji 10 % dan; briket kotoran ayam (BKA): kotoran Ayam 90 % + tepung kanji 10 % dan diulang sebanyak 10 kali sehingga terdapat 30 satuan unit percobaan. Hasil sidik ragam anova menunjukkan bahwa parameter kadar abu, laju pembakaran dan nilai kalor menunjukkan beda nyata (P<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa kualitas briket terbaik adalah briket yang dibuat dari bahan dasar kotoran kambing yang menghasilkan kadar air lebih rendah (36,12 %), kadar abu (38,62 %) dan nilai kalor (3525 kal/g) sedangkan laju pembakaran terbaik diberikan oleh briket kotoran sapi (0,29 g/detik)

Precision neuromodulation: Promises and challenges of spinal stimulation for multi-modal rehabilitation

Spinal cord injury results in multiple, simultaneous sensorimotor deficits. These include, but are not limited to, full or partial paralysis of muscles below the lesion, muscle spasms, spasticity, and neuropathic pain. Bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction are also prevalent. Yet, the majority of emerging spinal stimulation-based therapies focus on a single issue: locomotor rehabilitation. Despite the enormous potential of these translational advances to transform the lives of people living with spinal cord injury, meaningful recovery in other domains deemed critical priorities remains lacking. Here, we highlight the importance of considering the diverse patterns of neural transmission that underlie clinically similar presentations when developing spinal stimulation-based therapies. We also motivate advancement of multi-modal rehabilitation paradigms, which leverage the dense interconnectivity of sensorimotor spinal networks and the unique ability of electrical stimulation to modulate these networks to facilitate and guide simultaneous rehabilitation across domains

Aplicación del Método Extendido de Hildebrand a la solubilidad de la mitomicina C en mezclas etanol + agua

In this work, we applied the extended Hilderband solubility approach (EHSA) to evaluate the solubility of mitomycin C in ethanol-water mixtures at 293.15 K. We report the experimental solubility and some of the drug’s fusion properties that were used for the calculations in the extended Hilderband approach. In particular, EHSA presents good predicative properties by means of a regular fifth-degree polynomial for interaction parameter W in a function of the solubility parameter of solvent mixtures without the drug.En este trabajo se aplicó el método extendido de solubilidad de Hildebrand (MESH) para evaluar la solubilidad de mitomicina C en mezclas etanol + agua a 293,15 K. Se reporta la solubilidad experimental y algunas propiedades de fusión de éste fármaco que fueron utilizados para los cálculos del método extendido de Hildebrand. En particular, EHSA presenta un buen carácter predictivo mediante el uso de un polinomio regular de orden cinco para el parámetro de interacción W en una función del parámetro de solubilidad de mezclas cosolvente libre de fármaco

Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Bokashi Padat yang difermentasi dengan Waktu Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Rumput Benggala

The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and production of Bengal grass treated with solid bokashi fertilizer fermented at different times. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consists of R0 = Control (without bokashi). R1 = Bokashi fertilizer with 14 days fermentation time. R2 = Bokashi fertilizer with 28 days fermentation time. R3 = Bokashi fertilizer with 28 days fermentation time. The variables measured in this study were shoot height, number of leaves, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the duration of bokashi fertilizer fermentation significantly (P <0.05) on the growth of Bengal grass shoots, number of Bengal grass leaves, fresh weight of Bengal grass leaves, dry weight of Bengal grass leaves. It was concluded that the fermented bokashi 28 days (R3) produced a plant height of 100.28 cm, a leaf number of 13.94 cm, and a fresh leaf weight of 3525.00 gr, the dry weight of the leaf was 833 gr so that it was better than the fermentation treatment of 14 days, 21 day and Control.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan produksi rumput benggala (Panicum Maximum) yang diberi perlakuan pupuk bokashi padat yang difermentasi dengan waktu berbeda. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuannya terdiri dari R0 = Kontrol (tanpa bokashi). R1 = Pupuk bokashi dengan lama fermentasi 14 hari. R2 = Pupuk bokashi dengan lama fermentasi 28 hari. R3 = Pupuk bokashi dengan lama fermentasi 28 hari. Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah tinggi tunas, jumlah daun, berat segar daun dan berat kering daun. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa lama fermentasi pupuk bokashi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tunas rumput benggala, jumlah daun rumput benggala, berat segar daun rumput benggala, berat kering daun rumput benggala. Disimpulkan bahwa bokashi yang di fermentasi 28 hari (R3) menghasilkan tinggi tanaman 100,28 cm, jumlah daun 13,94 cm, dan berat segar daun 3525,00 g, berat kering daun 833 g sehingga lebih baik dibanding perlakuan fermentasi 14 hari, 21 hari dan Kontrol

Nonlinear Dynamics of the Perceived Pitch of Complex Sounds

We apply results from nonlinear dynamics to an old problem in acoustical physics: the mechanism of the perception of the pitch of sounds, especially the sounds known as complex tones that are important for music and speech intelligibility

Perbandingan Level Tepung Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) dan Tepung Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) Yang Berbeda terhadap Parameter Kimia Wafer Sebagai Pakan Ruminansia Kecil

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical quality of wafers using gamal flour (Gliricidia sepium) and lamtoro flour (Leucaena leucocephala) with different levels as small ruminant feed. This research was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Timor in May to June 2019. Making wafers was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, while the analysis of feed quality was carried out at the Feed Chemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry Undana Kupang. The variables measured in this study were crude protein content, crude fat content, crude fiber content, dry matter, organic matter and BETN. The materials used in this study were gamal flour, lamtoro flour, rice bran, corn flour, mineral mix, starch flour, water. The method used is a Completely Randomized Design with the following treatment: R1 = Gamal Flour 20% + Lamtoro Flour 60% + Rice Bran + Corn Corn 8% + Mineral mix 2%, R2 = Gamal Flour 40% + Lamtoro Flour 40% + Bran Rice 10% + Corn Flour 8% + Mineral mix 2%, R3 = Gamal Flour 60% + Lamtoro Flour 20% + Rice bran 10% + Corn Flour 8% + Mineral mix 2, R4 = 80% Gamal Flour + Lamtoro Flour 0% + Rice Bran 10% + Corn Flour 8% + Mineral mix 2%. The results showed that there was a significant effect (P <0.01) on the chemical quality (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and BETN) wafers for small ruminants made with comparison of different gamal flour and lamtoro flour . It was concluded that the comparison of the levels of gamal flour and lamtoro flour in making wafers for small ruminant animals had different impacts on the quality of the chemical produced, but in general a ratio of 40% gamal flour and 40% lamtoro flour (R2) had the highest effect on the parameters of Quality Parameters Dry Ingredients, Organic Ingredients, Crude Protein and Crude Fiber.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas kimia wafer yang menggunakan tepung gamal (Gliricidia sepium) dan tepung lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala ) dengan level berbeda sebagai pakan   ruminansia kecil. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Timor pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2019. Pembuatan wafer dilaksanakan di Fakultas Pertanian, sedangkan analisis laboratorium kualitas pakan dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Pakan Fakultas peternakan  Undana Kupang. Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah kandungan protein kasar, kandungan lemak kasar, kandungan serat kasar, bahan kering, bahan organik dan BETN. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tepung gamal, tepung lamtoro, dedak padi, tepung jagung, mineral mix, tepung kanji, air. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan sebagai berikut: R1= Tepung Gamal 20%+Tepung Lamtoro 60% + Dedak Padi + Jagung Jagung 8% + Mineral mix 2%, R2= Tepung Gamal 40% + Tepung Lamtoro 40% + Dedak Padi 10% + Tepung Jagung 8%+ Mineral mix 2%, R3= Tepung Gamal 60%+ Tepung Lamtoro 20%+ Dedak Padi 10% + Tepung Jagung 8% + % Mineral mix 2, R4=Tepung Gamal 80%+Tepung Lamtoro 0%+ Dedak Padi 10%+ Tepung Jagung 8%+ Mineral mix 2%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh secara nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kualitas kimia (bahan kering, bahan organik, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar dan BETN) wafer untuk ruminansia kecil yang dibuat dengan perbandingan tepung gamal dan tepung lamtoro yang berbeda. Disimpulkan bahwa perbandingan level tepung gamal dan tepung lamtoro dalam pembuatan wafer untuk ternak ruminansia kecil memberikan dampak yang berbeda-beda terhadap kualitas kimia yang dihasilkan namun secara umum perbandingan 40% tepung gamal dan 40% tepung lamtoro (R2) memberikan efek tertinggi terhadap parameter Parameter Kualitas Bahan Kering, Bahan Organik, Protein Kasar dan Serat kasar

Sealing Capability and SEM Observation of the Implant-Abutment Interface

To evaluate the sealing capability of external hexagon implant systems and assess the marginal fit, two groups (n = 10 each) were employed: SIN (Sistema de Implantes Nacional, Brazil) and Osseotite, (Biomet 3i, USA). Sealing capability was determined by placing 0.7 μL of 1% acid-red solution in the implant wells before the torque of their respective abutments. Specimens were then placed into 2.5 mL vials filled with 1.3 mL of distilled water with the implant-abutment interface submerged. Three samples of 100 μL water were collected at previously determinate times. The absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer, and the data were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA (P < .05) and Tukey's test. Marginal fit was determined using SEM. Leakage was observed for both groups at all times and was significantly higher at 144 hrs. SEM analysis depicted gaps in the implant-abutment interface of both groups. Gaps in the implant-abutment interface were observed along with leakage increased at the 144 hrs evaluation period

Effect of microwave and thermal co-pyrolysis of low rank coal and pine wood on product distributions and char structure

peer-reviewedDirect conversion of a low-rank coal into valuable chemicals or improving its char’s coking value became very demanding goals in coal utilization strategies. In this work, the co-pyrolysis of a low-rank lignite coal and pine wood sawdust biomass blended at a 3:1 coal-to-biomass ratio was investigated along with original coal and biomass samples by microwave assisted and conventional thermal methods at 550℃ under nitrogen and ambient pressure. The carbon structure and its reactivity in generated chars and the product distributions were greatly affected by the applied heating mechanism and the presence of biomass during coal pyrolysis. High gas and low tar yields were observed for all microwave chars in comparison to thermal chars, regardless of composition. The addition of biomass to coal increased the tar yield under both methods and to a higher extent under the microwave. This agrees with the high gas yield and high aromatic-to-aliphatic fraction observed under the microwave and the presence of biomass. The high O/C ratio and low fixed carbon content in a biomass structure relative to coal affect the product distribution during microwave pyrolysis. This could selectively heat the biomass in the sample, remove its polar groups, and convert it into an efficient microwave absorber biochar that can decompose coal efficiently during co-pyrolysis. The aromatic carbon stacking and its ordering in the generated chars were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, dielectric property measurements, and electron spin resonance techniques. A synergistic effect was observed upon biomass addition during microwave coal pyrolysis. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed that the microwave coal/biomass char is the most stable char with the lowest free radical concentration. This agrees with the highest IG/Iall band area ratio calculated from Raman analysis revealing a more graphitic nature for carbon in this char. Similarly, the dielectric properties confirmed that the addition of biomass to coal under the microwave has the highest loss tangent, indicating a high graphitic nature compared to pure biochar or coal char