26 research outputs found

    Effective competition in telecommunications, rail and energy markets

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    The markets for network-based products and services pose particular problems with regard to competition. The transition from monopolistic to competitive structures and the issues of infrastructure sharing, dominant players and network externalities have all been subject to intensive debates. Despite liberalisation, deregulation and privatisation - and the quasiautomatic solutions they seemed to present - a number of problems persist. Furthermore, the regulation which was introduced as a remedy for distortions of competition during the period of transition from monopoly to competition has not ended with market liberalisation. Each new generation of network technologies creates new challenges to be addressed by regulators and competition authorities, and each industry presents specific problems. The following article discuss a number of the persisting and new questions concerning competition in selected network-based industries

    Neutralization of HIV subtypes on monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes Schlussbericht

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    The contribution of the humoral immune response in reducing the HIV viral load shortly ater seroconversion is unclear. Whereas strong CTL responses are detectabel early after infection, neutralizing antibodies against primary HIV isolates are not detectabel befor 10 to 12 months after infection using primary lymphocytes as target cells. The aim of this project was to analyze the neutralizing activities of human HIV-positive sera shortly after seroconversion with respect to the infection of primary monocytes/macrophages versus lymphocytes with the autologous primary virus isolates. Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are known to be the first cells infected by the virus after transmission and are responsibel for the dissemination of the virus in the body. Blood samples were taken 2 to 8 months after infection from 16 HIV-1 positive Germans with well known timepoint of infection and clinical history. Virus was isolated in mixed cultures containing primary macrophages and lymphocytes in order to avoid selection for one of the cell types. Viral isolates were well characterized genetically (HIV-1 subtype) and biologically (p24 antigen, RT-activity, TCID_5_0, SI/NSI, growth characteristics in macrophages and lymphocytes). Virus isolates were obtained from 10 patients. All viruses were dual-tropic, 9 were NSI, 1 was SI, 3 were HIV-1 subtype E, 1 C and 6 were B. Neutralization studies were performed on primary macrophages and lymphocytes from 2 to 4 different donors (4 duplicates each) using 10% serum and dilutions thereof against the autologous virus isolates. Whereas strong neutralizing activties could be detected on macrophages as early as 2 months after infection, no neutralization was found on lymphocytes in these early serum samples. We could show that neutralizing activities in the sera are due to antibodies and not to other inhibitory substances like #beta#-chemokines. Differences in neutralization on the different target cells are not due to differences in virus variants present in these cells as shown by sequence analyses of the entire env gene. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(68,47) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

    Somatische Gentherapie fuer die Chronische Granulomatose Schlussbericht

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    SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(89,49) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

    Optimierung des retroviralen Gentransfers in humane lymphohaematopoetische Stammzellen Schlussbericht

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    SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(89,41) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

    Schutz vor HIV-1 Infektion durch murine Leukaemieviruspartikel mit HIV-1 Huellproteinen: Transfer therapeutischer Gene und die Induktion der Immunantwort durch Pseudotypviren Schlussbericht

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    Available from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(95,56) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

    Eisenerzbergbau in Hessen Historische Fotodokumente mit Erlaeuterungen, 1870-1983

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    Copy held by FIZ Karlsruhe; available from UB/TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLE2. rev. and enl. ed.DEGerman
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