The impact of migration on trade

International trade and migration are two important dimensions of globalization. Although governments have been very willing to open their borders to trade, they have not been so liberal in their immigration policies. It has been suggested, however, that a causal positive link might exist between immigration and trade. Could governments further increase international trade by also opening their doors to immigrants? If they could, does it matter what type of immigrants are encouraged? And is there a saturation level of immigrants after which this positive impact disappears

Trade and Migration to New Zealand

This paper examines the hypothesis that a greater stock of migrants in New Zealand from a particular country leads to more trade between that country and New Zealand. The literature suggests that migrants can stimulate trade by lowering transaction costs, and by bringing with them preferences for goods produced in their home country. We use panel data techniques within the framework of a standard gravity model of trade. Our sample includes an average of over 170 countries for the years 1981 to 2001. Previous studies of trade and migration have not dealt satisfactorily with problems of unobserved heterogeneity and selection bias. We address these problems using correlated random effects and selection models. Results suggest that larger migrant stocks are associated with higher trade flows.

Öğretim Kalitesinin Matematik Okuryazarlığı Performansına Etkilerinin Öğrencilerin Bakış Açısından Modellenmesi: PISA 2012 Türkiye Örneklemi

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of students’ perceptions of instructional quality in mathematics lessons on the PISA 2012 mathematical literacy performance as well as the mediating role of self-concept and interest in mathematics in this effect by using the PISA 2012 data for Turkey. The sample of this research in the descriptive-relational survey model included all of the students in Turkey sample of 4848 students. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. Based on the theoretical framework of the triarchic model conceptualizing the instructional quality, the independent variables discussed in the research were defined as cognitive activation, classroom management, student orientation, and teacher support, while non-cognitive variables such as mathematics self-concept and mathematics interest were defined as mediating independent variables. Mathematical literacy performance obtained from PISA 2012 mathematics test was used as the dependent variable of this study. The findings of the study revealed that while student orientation was the variable that best explained mathematical literacy performance in terms of a net total effect (albeit negative), the variable that positively explained it the most was cognitive activation. It was also found that classroom management and teacher support were not significant explanatory variables for mathematical literacy performance in the model. On the other hand, similar to the direct effect of the perceptions of cognitive activation and classroom management on the mathematics self-concept, it was determined that the perceptions of teacher support had also a low direct effect on the perception of interest in mathematics. In terms of indirect effects on mathematical literacy performance, the study showed that the perceptions of cognitive activation and classroom management had a significant positive low effect. The results and limitations of the research were discussed and some suggestions were made for further research.Bu çalışmada PISA 2012 verileri yardımıyla Türkiye örnekleminde öğrencilerin matematik derslerinde öğretim kalitesine yönelik algılarının PISA 2012 matematik okuryazarlığı performansı üzerine etkisinin ve bu etkide matematiğe yönelik öz-benlik ve ilginin aracı rolünün ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Betimsel-ilişkisel tarama modelindeki bu araştırmaya Türkiye örnekleminde yer alan 4848 öğrencinin tamamı katılmıştır. Verilerin analizi Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Öğretim kalitesini kavramsallaştıran üçlü (triarşik) modelin teorik çerçevesine dayanarak araştırma kapsamında ele alınan bağımsız değişkenler bilişsel aktivasyon, sınıf yönetimi, öğrenci oryantasyonu ve öğretmen desteği olarak tanımlanırken matematik öz-benlik ve matematik ilgisi gibi duyuşsal değişkenler aracı bağımsız değişkenler olarak tanımlanmıştır. PISA 2012 matematik testinden elde edilen matematik okuryazarlık performansı ise bu çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre matematik okuryazarlığı performansını net toplam etki açısından (negatif de olsa) en iyi açıklayan değişkenin öğrenci oryantasyonu, pozitif yönde en iyi açıklayan değişkenin ise bilişsel aktivasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca matematik okuryazarlığı performansı için sınıf yönetimi ve öğretmen desteği değişkenlerinin anlamlı bir açıklayıcı olmadığı da görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan, öğrencilerin bilişsel aktivasyon ve sınıf yönetimi algılarının matematiğe yönelik öz-benlik algısı üzerinde olduğu gibi öğretmen desteği algısının da matematiğe yönelik ilgi algısı üzerinde düşük düzeyde doğrudan bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Matematik okuryazarlık performansı üzerindeki dolaylı etkiler açısından incelendiğinde, bilişsel aktivasyon ve sınıf yönetimine yönelik algıların pozitif düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonuçları ve sınırlılıkları tartışılmış bu bağlamda gelecek araştırmalar için bazı öneriler sunulmuştur

Pre-service Teachers’ Explanations of Primitive Terms: Point, Line and Plane

The purpose of this study was to investigate how pre-service elementary mathematics teachers explain the concepts of point, line and plane, which are primitive terms of Euclidean geometry. A qualitative exploratory case study design was conducted with 61 pre-service mathematics teachers who were selected by the criterion sampling method. As a data collection tool, an open-ended questionnaire was used to determine how prospective teachers can explain point, line and plane concepts in the classroom environment where they will be teaching, and their explanations were taken in writing. The data analysis was done using content analysis technique by means of NVivo10. The findings showed that pre-service mathematics teachers tended to use some signs related to the characteristics of three primitive terms: point, line and plane they attempted to explain as well as the signs belonging to their essence. This can be due to the fact that the concepts tried to be explained are primitive terms and that the explanations given by Euclid about these terms are not easy to understand at the secondary level. Moreover, in some explanations, it was found that more than one sign was used by focusing on the features, models and symbols of the related concept to make the definition more understandable. On the other hand, considering the explanations made by the pre-service teachers in this study, it should be remembered that although the signs (model, shape, feature, symbol, etc.) used for the concept seem to constitute its definition, these signs cannot always literally represent the concept they try to explain and cannot be used in place of the that concept

Trade and Migration to New Zealand

This paper examines the hypothesis that a greater stock of migrants in New Zealand from a particular country leads to more trade between that country and New Zealand. The literature suggests that migrants can stimulate trade by lowering transaction costs, and by bringing with them preferences for goods produced in their home country. We use panel data techniques within the framework of a standard gravity model of trade. Our sample includes an average of over 170 countries for the years 1981 to 2001. Previous studies of trade and migration have not dealt satisfactorily with problems of unobserved heterogeneity and selection bias. We address these problems using correlated random effects and selection models. Results suggest that larger migrant stocks are associated with higher trade flows

THE EFFECTS OF ANIMATIONS ON PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS' ATTITUDE TOWARD BIOLOGY

Bu çalışmanın amacı bilgisayar animasyonlarının Fen Bilgisi ve Sınıf Öğretmenliği öğrencilerinin biyoloji dersine yönelik tutumlarına etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Sınıf Öğretmenliği ve Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği Genel Biyoloji dersindeki "hücre" ve "dokular" konularında bilgisayar animasyonları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya bu sınıflarda öğrenim gören 28 Fen Bilgisi, 45 Sınıf Öğretmenliği öğrencileri katılmıştır. Öğrencilere uygulama öncesi ve uygulama sonrası Biyoloji Tutum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda Fen Bilgisi ve Sınıf Öğretmenliği öğrencilerinin biyoloji dersine yönelik tutum puanlarının ortalamalarında anlamlı düzeyde artış belirlenmiştir. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using animation on attitude towards biology lesson of prospective teachers. The study was carried out with the participation of 28 prospective Science teachers and 45 prospective Primary teachers at Bartin University during term of 2012-2013. To make animations cells and tissues pictures which taken by microscope were used. Some animations which were ready were used to make new animations. Result of the study reveals that use of animation in lessons was effectively on attitude towards biology lesson of prospective teachers.

Borsa İstanbul sektör endeksleri ile döviz kurları arasındaki ilişkinin kriz dönemlerinde Türkiye’deki varlıklar üzerindeki etkisi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Küreselleşme ile birlikte ekonomik krizler, döviz kurlarındaki değişimler, savaş dönemleri ve doğal afetler gibi birçok durum ülke borsalarını etkilemektedir. Borsa İstanbul'da (BIST) hem yabancı pay ortaklığının fazla olması hem de gelişmekte olan ülke olması nedeniyle yaşanan birçok durum Borsa İstanbul'u (BIST) da etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul (BIST) 100 endeksi ve sektör endeksleri ile döviz kurları (Euro/TL, Dolar/TL ve Euro/Dolar) arasındaki ilişkinin Türkiye'deki kriz dönemlerindeki değişimlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 02/1997-11/2018 dönemi için Borsa İstanbul 100 endeksi ve 22 sektör endeksi ile döviz kurlarına (Euro/TL, Dolar/TL ve Euro/Dolar) ait aylık veriler kullanılmıştır. Serilerin durağanlıklarını araştırmak için geleneksel birim kök testlerinden; ADF(1979), Phillips-Perron(1988) ve KPSS(1992) birim kök testleri kullanılmıştır. Serilerde yapısal kırılma tarihlerini tespit etmek için; Zivot ve Andrews(1992), Lumsdaine ve Papell(1992), Lee ve Strazicich(2003,2004) ve Carrion-i Silvestre(2009) birim kök testleri ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Seriler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki ise; Gregory ve Hansen(1996), Hatemi-J(2008) ve Maki(2012) eşbütünleşme testi ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; serilere uygulanmış olan yapısal kırılmalı birim kök ve eşbütünleşme test sonuçlarında elde edilmiş olan kırılma tarihleri incelendiğinde; 1998 Rusya krizi, Kasım 2000 ve Şubat 2001 bankacılık krizleri ve 2008 konut kredisi krizi tarihleri yapısal kırılma tarihlerini oluşturduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca kriz dönemleri dışında bulunan kırılma tarihleri araştırıldığında; 1999 yılında Türkiye'nin Marmara Bölgesinde yaşanmış olan Gölcük ve Düzce depremleri, 2003 yılında Türkiye'nin jeopolitik konumu nedeniyle ABD-Irak ülkeleri arasında yaşanmış olan savaş gerginliği ve Mayıs 2004'te ABD merkez bankasının faiz artırımı kararı gibi yaşanmış olan durumların endeksler üzerinde kırılma oluşturduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.With globalization, economic crises, changes in Exchange rates, war periods and natural disasters affect many countries' stock markets. Istanbul Stock Exchange(ISE) is also affected by the high number of foreign shareholding in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) and the fact that it is a developing country. In this study, the relationship between the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) 100 Index, sector indices and exchange rates (EUR/TRY, USD/TRY and EUR/USD) aimed to investigate the change in the crisis period in Turkey. Fort he period 02/1997- 11/2018, the data of ISE 100 index and 22 sector index and foreign Exchange rates (EUR/TRY, USD/TRY and EUR/USD) were used. To investigate stationary, traditional unit root tests ADF(1979), Phillips- Peron (1988) and KPSS (1992) were used. In order to determine the structural breaks in the series; Zivot and Andrews (1992), Lumsdaine and Papell (1992), Lee and Strazicich (2003,2004) and Carrion-i Silvestre (2009) were carried out by unit root tests. The long-term relationship between the series were investigated by cointegration test that are Gregory and Hansen (1992), Hatemi-J (2008) and Maki (2012). As a result, the break dates obtained in the structural breaks unit root and cointegration test results applied to the series are examined; 1998 Russia crisis, November 2000 and Frebruary 2001 banking crises and 2008 housing loan crisis dates were the result of the study of structural breaks. In addition, the break dates outside the crisis were investigated. It is concluded that some of the cases formed a break on the indices. These are the 1999 Earthquakes of Gölcük and Düzce in the Marmara Region, due to Turkey's geopolitical position, which experienced tension between the US-Iraq war in 2003 and the US central bank decided to raise interest rates in May 2004

The Impact of Immigration on International Trade in Europe: The Case of the EU-Mediterranean-Eastern Europe Zone

We study the impact of migration to the European Union on the volume of international trade in EU. We focus on Southern Mediterranean (such as Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey) and Eastern Europe (such as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chech Republic, Romania and Moldova, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) partner countries as the migration originating countries. The specific question we address is how the stock of immigrants in the host country, diversified by originating countries, affects international trade (exports/imports). We also address how the effects differ by industry. We assemble a panel data set covering the period 1998-2010 for all EU countries. We employ panel estimation techniques to estimate an augmented gravity model of bilateral trade between countries that includes the standard ?gravity variables? such as distance, language, colonial ties, borders, etc. The key explanatory variable in our study is one measuring the number of migrants from each trading partner. This variable is interacted with a dummy variable for Southern Mediterranean Countries (MPCs) and Eastern Europe Countries (EECs) in order to separate out the effects of immigrants from MPCs and EECs. Our preliminary results indicate that the elasticity of the volume of exports with respect to the stock of immigrants is 0.05. This is consistent with the findings in previous studies about the impact of immigrants on exports. The coefficient of the interaction of the log of immigrants with the EEC dummy variable is found to be statistically insignificant. However, the coefficient of the interaction of the log of immigrants with the MPC dummy variable is statistically highly significant with a magnitude of -0.18. This suggests that although immigration has, in general, a positive effect on the export of EU countries, migration from EEC countries actually has an adverse effect. For imports, the coefficient of the log of the stock of immigrants is found to be statistically insignificant. Unlike it was the case for exports, the coefficient of the interaction of the log of immigrants with the MPC dummy variable is found to be statistically insignificant. The coefficient of the interaction of the log of immigrants with the EEC dummy variable is, however, found to be statistically highly significant with a magnitude of 0.21, suggesting a significant and positive effect on imports for immigrants from Eastern Europe Countries

A New Rule - Base Modification Scheme For The Time Delay Systems

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2006Ölü zamanlı sistemlerde sistemden gözlenen bilgi geçmiş bir ana aittir ve bu gecikmeli işareti kullanmak, kontrol sistemi uygulamalarında başarısız sonuçlara neden olabilir. Bu çalışma, ölü zaman bilgisinin sistem performansını artırmak adına kural tabanının yeniden düzenlenmesinde nasıl kullanılabileceği ile ilgilidir. Temel olarak, sistemin ölü zamanından kaynaklanan bilgi gecikmesinin kural tabanının uygun şekilde kaydırılması ile telafisi önerilmektedir. Kural tabanı kaydırma yöntemini etkileyen değiştirgeler (parametreler) detaylı bir biçimde incelenmiş ve kaydırma yöntemi, sistem model değiştirgelerine göre çizelgelenmiştir. Yeni yöntem birçok farklı sistemde denenmiş ve etkisi ortaya konmuştur. Yöntemin, ölü zaman değişimlerine, yapısal ve ayar değiştirgelerinin değişimlerine ve sistem model değiştirgelerindeki belirsizliklere karşı gürbüzlüğü tüm hatlarıyla ortaya konmuştur.In time delay control systems, the observed information is related to a past instant and using this delayed signal may cause unsatisfactory results in control system applications. This paper deals with how time delay information can be used in reorganizing the rule base so as to improve system performance. Basically, it proposes a new scheme of appropriate shifting of the rule base to compensate the information lag caused by time delay in the system. The parameters affecting the shifting scheme are discussed in detail and the shifting scheme is tabulated with respect to system model parameters. Applications of the new methodology in different systems are simulated and the effectiveness of the scheme is fully illustrated. Robustness in case of time delay changes, structural and design parameter variations and system model parameter uncertainties are also discussed intensively.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

When the bullet moves! Surgical caveats from a migrant intraspinal bullet

Rarely, spinal gunshot injuries result in migrating intraspinal bullets. Use of MRI is controversial and other radiographic imaging might mimic an extradural bullet, even though it is intradural and migratory. Here, we present a case of spinal missile injury resulting in an intraoperatively mobile intradural bullet. The challenges faced during diagnosis and surgical removal are described. We also show that intraoperative ultrasonography may be useful in clarifying whether the bullet is intradural. A 32-year-old male presented with weakness and paraesthesia in his right leg following an accidental gunshot injury to his spine. Facet joint destruction and an intraspinal bullet were detected. Immediate surgical removal and transpedicular instrumentation was performed. The surgical procedure was complicated by lack of an identifying dural perforation at the bullet entry point and a gliding bullet inside the spinal canal during surgery. Gliding of the bullet was caused by the pushing effect of the bone rongeur and further gliding was avoided by performing the next laminectomy with an electric drill. Where other modalities indicated for a possible extradural location, intraoperative USG clearly showed the intradural position of the bullet and provided clear images without major artifacts. Surgical treatment of a mobile intradural bullet is challenging and open to surprises. Location of the bullet may shift as result of surgical procedure itself. Laminectomy should be performed with a power drill. Where fluoroscopy was inadequate and MRI not available, intraoperative USG proved useful in ascertaining the intradural versus extradural position of the bullet and allowed for a tailored dural opening