3,819 research outputs found
A privacy preserved and credible network protocol
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordThe identities of packet senders and receivers are treated as important privacy information in communication networks. Any packet can be attributed to its sender for evaluating its credibility. Existing studies mainly rely on third-party agents that contain the packet sender's identity to ensure the sender's privacy preservation and credibility. In this case, packet senders run the risk that their privacy might be leaked by the agent. To this end, this paper proposes a Privacy Preserved and Credible Network Protocol (PCNP), which authorizes the agent to hide the identities of senders and receivers, while guaranteeing the credibility of a packet. The feasibility of the PCNP deployment is analyzed, and its performance is evaluated through extensive experiments.Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of Scienc
A comprehensive review on the applications of coal fly ash
Coal fly ash, an industrial by-product, is derived from coal combustion in thermal power plants. It is one of the most complex anthropogenic materials, and its improper disposal has become an environmental concern and resulted in a waste of recoverable resources. There is a pressing and ongoing need to develop new recycling methods for coal fly ash. The present review first describes the generation, physicochemical properties and hazards of coal fly ash at the global level, and then focuses on its current and potential applications, including use in the soilamelioration, construction industry, ceramic industry, catalysis, depth separation, zeolite synthesis, etc. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these applications, themode of fly ash utilizationworldwide anddirections for future research are considered
A new tow-parameter integrable model of strongly correlated electrons with quantum superalgebra symmetry
A new two-parameter integrable model with quantum superalgebra
symmetry is proposed, which is an eight-state electron model with correlated
single-particle and pair hoppings as well as uncorrelated triple-particle
hopping. The model is solved and the Bethe ansatz equations are obtained.Comment: 6 pages, RevTe
A novel CO₂-responsive systemic signaling pathway controlling plant mycorrhizal symbiosis
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO₂) concentrations promote symbiosis between roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), modifying plant nutrient acquisition and cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate. However, the biological mechanisms by which plants transmit aerial eCO₂ cues to roots, to alter the symbiotic associations remain unknown.
We used a range of interdisciplinary approaches, including gene silencing, grafting, transmission electron microscopy, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), biochemical methodologies and gene transcript analysis to explore the complexities of environmental signal transmission from the point of perception in the leaves at the apex to the roots.
Here we show that eCO₂ triggers apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)‐dependent auxin production in tomato shoots followed by systemic signaling that results in strigolactone biosynthesis in the roots. This redox‐auxin‐strigolactone systemic signaling cascade facilitates eCO₂‐induced AMF symbiosis and phosphate utilization.
Our results challenge the current paradigm of eCO₂ effects on AMF and provide new insights into potential targets for manipulation of AMF symbiosis for high nutrient utilization under future climate change scenarios
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Flexural behavior of UHPCbeam reinforced with steel-FRP composite bars
YesThis paper numerically investigates flexural performance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) beam reinforced with Steel-Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composite Bars (SFCBs) in terms of flexural stiffness, moment capacity, deflection, ductility and energy dissipation. The effect of various parameters, include the inner steel core area ratio of SFCB, yield strength of inner steel core, elastic modulus and ultimate strength of outer-wrapped FRP, reinforcement ratio, type and strength of concrete were studied. The results demonstrate that the inner steel core area ratio of SFCB, reinforcement ratio and the elastic modulus of SFCB's outer FRP have significant effect on the overall flexural performance of SFCB reinforced UHPC beam. The overall flexural performance of SFCB reinforced UHPC beam is slightly improved by increasing the yield strength of inner steel core of SFCB, but not affected by the ultimate strength of SFCB's outer FRP when specimen occurred compression failure. The results also exhibit that the flexural performance of UHPC beam reinforced with SFCBs is significantly improved when compared to those of reinforced high strength concrete (HSC) beam and normal strength concrete (NSC) beam. The flexural stiffness and the moment capacity of SFCB reinforced UHPC beam at the ultimate point were 2.0 and 2.4 times, respectively, of those of reinforced NSC counterpart.Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20201436), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M642335), the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Construction System, China (2018ZD047, 2021ZD06), the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Construction System, China (JK2021-19), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51678514), the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Yangzhou University, China (2020-65), the Open Foundation of Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Prefabricated Building and Intelligent Construction, China (2021), the Science and Technology Cooperation Fund Project of Yangzhou City and Yangzhou University, China (YZU212105), the Practice and Innovation Plan for Postgraduates in Jiangsu Province, China (SJCX21_1589), the Blue Project Youth Academic Leader of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province, China (2020) and the Deputy General Manager Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province, China (FZ20200869). Reference
The interface between silicon and a high-k oxide
The ability to follow Moore's Law has been the basis of the tremendous
success of the semiconductor industry in the past decades. To date, the
greatest challenge for device scaling is the required replacement of silicon
dioxide-based gate oxides by high-k oxides in transistors. Around 2010 high-k
oxides are required to have an atomically defined interface with silicon
without any interfacial SiO2 layer. The first clean interface between silicon
and a high-K oxide has been demonstrated by McKee et al. Nevertheless, the
interfacial structure is still under debate. Here we report on first-principles
calculations of the formation of the interface between silicon and SrTiO3 and
its atomic structure. Based on insights into how the chemical environment
affects the interface, a way to engineer seemingly intangible electrical
properties to meet technological requirements is outlined. The interface
structure and its chemistry provide guidance for the selection process of other
high-k gate oxides and for controlling their growth. Our study also shows that
atomic control of the interfacial structure can dramatically improve the
electronic properties of the interface. The interface presented here serves as
a model for a variety of other interfaces between high-k oxides and silicon.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures (one color
Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Fe65Co35–ZnO Nano-Granular Films
A series of nano-granular films composed of magnetic metal (Fe65Co35) granules with a few nanometers in size and semiconductor oxide (ZnO) have been fabricated by a magnetron sputtering method, and excellent soft magnetic properties have been achieved in a wide metal volume fraction (x) range for as-deposited samples due to the exchange coupling between FeCo granules (a ferromagnetic interaction in nano-scale). In a wide range (0.53 <x < 0.71), the films exhibit coercivity HC not exceeding 15 Oe, along with high resistivity. Especially for the sample with x = 0.67, coercivities in hard and easy axes are 1.43 and 7.08 Oe, respectively, 4πMS = 9.85 kg, and ρ reaches 2.06 × 103 μΩ cm. The dependence of complex permeability μ = μ′ − jμ″ on frequency shows that the real part μ′ is more than 100 below 1.83 GHz and that the ferromagnetic resonance frequency reaches 2.31 GHz, implying the promising for high frequency application. The measured negative temperature coefficient of resistivity reveals that may be the weak localized electrons existing in samples mediate the exchange coupling
In Situ Imaging of the Conducting Filament in a Silicon Oxide Resistive Switch
The nature of the conducting filaments in many resistive switching systems
has been elusive. Through in situ transmission electron microscopy, we image
the real-time formation and evolution of the filament in a silicon oxide
resistive switch. The electroforming process is revealed to involve the local
enrichment of silicon from the silicon oxide matrix. Semi-metallic silicon
nanocrystals with structural variations from the conventional diamond cubic
form of silicon are observed, which likely accounts for the conduction in the
filament. The growth and shrinkage of the silicon nanocrystals in response to
different electrical stimuli show energetically viable transition processes in
the silicon forms, offering evidence to the switching mechanism. The study here
also provides insights into the electrical breakdown process in silicon oxide
layers, which are ubiquitous in a host of electronic devices.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Evidence for Anthropogenic Surface Loading as Trigger Mechanism of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
Two and a half years prior to China's M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008,
at least 300 million metric tons of water accumulated with additional seasonal
water level changes in the Minjiang River Valley at the eastern margin of the
Longmen Shan. This article shows that static surface loading in the Zipingpu
water reservoir induced Coulomb failure stresses on the nearby Beichuan thrust
fault system at <17km depth. Triggering stresses exceeded levels of daily lunar
and solar tides and perturbed a fault area measuring 416+/-96km^2. These stress
perturbations, in turn, likely advanced the clock of the mainshock and directed
the initial rupture propagation upward towards the reservoir on the
"Coulomb-like" Beichuan fault with rate-and-state dependent frictional
behavior. Static triggering perturbations produced up to 60 years (0.6%) of
equivalent tectonic loading, and show strong correlations to the coseismic
slip. Moreover, correlations between clock advancement and coseismic slip,
observed during the mainshock beneath the reservoir, are strongest for a longer
seismic cycle (10kyr) of M>7 earthquakes. Finally, the daily event rate of the
micro-seismicity (M>0.5) correlates well with the static stress perturbations,
indicating destabilization.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, 3 table
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