Constituyentes de la pared celular y digestibilidad del pasto braquiaria (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf) en dos estados de desarrollo.

Ganado de doble propósito-Ganaderia doble proposit

Comportamiento de novillas Holstein alimentadas con ensilaje, heno y pastoreo de kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum, Hochst).

Este experimento se realizó en la Sección de Ganado de Leche de Tibaitatá utilizando 12 novillas Holstein entre 216 y 268 kg de peso vivo, las cuales fueron distribuídas en un diseño al azar en tres tratamientos que consistían en consumo ad libitum de heno, ensilaje, y pastoreo de una mezcla cuya composición botánica era 85 por ciento kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum, H.), 7 por ciento manawa (Lolium multiflorum x Lolium perenne), 5 por ciento azul orchoro (Dactylis glomerata) y 3 por ciento trébol blanco (Trifolium repens). Las novillas que recibieron el heno y el ensilaje se mantuvieron en estabulación permanente y las que estaban en pastoreo tenían rotación cada 15 días. Los consumos de forraje con base a materia seca observados en estabulación fueron de 8,84 y 6,50 kg/novilla/día en los tratamientos de heno y ensilaje respectivamente. Los rendimientos en ganancia diaria de peso fueron: 0,696, 0,005, 0,361 kg/novilla, demostrando ampliamente la eficiencia del heno como alimento para novillas de levante. El análisis de costos e ingresos mostró una utilidad bruta de {dollar}8,80 diarios para tratamientos de heno, mientras que para ensilaje y pastoreo las utilidades fueron de {dollar}30,88 y {dollar}l,65 respectivamentePastos y forraje

Thermostability of cardosin A from Cynara cardunculus L.

The structural stability of cardosin A, a plant aspartic proteinase (AP) from Cynara cardunculus L., has been investigated by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry, intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, and enzymatic activity assays. Even though the thermal denaturation of cardosin A is partially irreversible, valid thermodynamic data can be obtained within a wide pH region. Also, although cardosin A is a heterodimeric enzyme its thermal denaturation occurs without simultaneous dissociation to unfolded monomers. Moreover, in the 3-7 pH region the excess heat capacity can be deconvoluted into two components corresponding to two elementary two-state transitions, suggesting that the two polypeptide chains of cardosin A unfold independently. Detailed thermodynamic and structural investigations of cardosin A at pH=5.0, at which value the enzyme demonstrates maximum stability and enzymatic activity, revealed that after thermal denaturation the polypeptide chains of this protein retain most of their secondary structure motifs and are not completely hydrated.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6THV-47P1SF6-4/1/edc14f851e47459fcd87b748d068439

Organized Disassembly of Photosynthesis During Programmed Cell Death Mediated By Long Chain Bases.

In plants, pathogen triggered programmed cell death (PCD) is frequently mediated by polar lipid molecules referred as long chain bases (LCBs) or ceramides. PCD interceded by LCBs is a well-organized process where several cell organelles play important roles. In fact, light-dependent reactions in the chloroplast have been proposed as major players during PCD, however, the functional aspects of the chloroplast during PCD are largely unknown. For this reason, we investigated events that lead to disassembly of the chloroplast during PCD mediated by LCBs. To do so, LCB elevation was induced with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (a non-host pathogen) or Fumonisin B1 in Phaseolus vulgaris. Then, we performed biochemical tests to detect PCD triggering events (phytosphingosine rises, MPK activation and H2O2 generation) followed by chloroplast structural and functional tests. Observations of the chloroplast, via optical phenotyping methods combined with microscopy, indicated that the loss of photosynthetic linear electron transport coincides with the organized ultrastructure disassembly. In addition, structural changes occurred in parallel with accumulation of H2O2 inside the chloroplast. These features revealed the collapse of chloroplast integrity and function as a mechanism leading to the irreversible execution of the PCD promoted by LCBs

Neuroinflammation and structural injury of the fetal ovine brain following intra-amniotic Candida albicans exposure.

BackgroundIntra-amniotic Candida albicans (C. Albicans) infection is associated with preterm birth and high morbidity and mortality rates. Survivors are prone to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The mechanisms leading to these adverse neonatal brain outcomes remain largely unknown. To better understand the mechanisms underlying C. albicans-induced fetal brain injury, we studied immunological responses and structural changes of the fetal brain in a well-established translational ovine model of intra-amniotic C. albicans infection. In addition, we tested whether these potential adverse outcomes of the fetal brain were improved in utero by antifungal treatment with fluconazole.MethodsPregnant ewes received an intra-amniotic injection of 10(7) colony-forming units C. albicans or saline (controls) at 3 or 5 days before preterm delivery at 0.8 of gestation (term ~ 150 days). Fetal intra-amniotic/intra-peritoneal injections of fluconazole or saline (controls) were administered 2 days after C. albicans exposure. Post mortem analyses for fungal burden, peripheral immune activation, neuroinflammation, and white matter/neuronal injury were performed to determine the effects of intra-amniotic C. albicans and fluconazole treatment.ResultsIntra-amniotic exposure to C. albicans caused a severe systemic inflammatory response, illustrated by a robust increase of plasma interleukin-6 concentrations. Cerebrospinal fluid cultures were positive for C. albicans in the majority of the 3-day C. albicans-exposed animals whereas no positive cultures were present in the 5-day C. albicans-exposed and fluconazole-treated animals. Although C. albicans was not detected in the brain parenchyma, a neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus and white matter was seen which was characterized by increased microglial and astrocyte activation. These neuroinflammatory changes were accompanied by structural white matter injury. Intra-amniotic fluconazole reduced fetal mortality but did not attenuate neuroinflammation and white matter injury.ConclusionsIntra-amniotic C. albicans exposure provoked acute systemic and neuroinflammatory responses with concomitant white matter injury. Fluconazole treatment prevented systemic inflammation without attenuating cerebral inflammation and injury

Percepción del apoyo social en pacientes con cáncer y su influencia en la depresión

Introduction: Different factors influence the appearance of depression in the oncological population, not all of them are modifiable. However, interaction with social networks can be an element that avoids or dampens depression instead of being a generator or maintainer of this disorder. Objective: To study the relationship between "perceived social support" and "depression" in adult patients with cancer. Material and Method: This is a transversal, quantitative, descriptive, correlational study; with a non-probabilistic sample of 112 patients, 22 men and 85 women, from a cancer hospital. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) short version and the MOS-SSS (Social Support Survey) questionnaire were used. Results: Social support was found to be associated with depression [p = 0.007 <α = 0.05], in an inverse manner. The most perceived types of support, according to their functionality, are "emotional support", followed by "instrumental support", the first understood as manifestations of affectivity, andthe second as social aid, material and provision of services by the environment. Depression is moderate in 14% of cases, mild in 24% and severe with 4.7%. The same ones that experience different degrees of sadness, despair and unhappiness, isolation, indecision, feelings of guilt, fatigue, among others. Conclusions: Cancer patients studied who perceive poor social support have depression. The majority of people investigated consider that they have adequate support, some of them present depression because there are multiple factors that are related to depressiIntroducción: Diferentes factores influyen en la aparición de depresión en la población oncológica, no todos ellos son modificables. No obstante,la interacción con las redes sociales puede ser un elemento que evite o amortigüe la depresión en lugar de ser un generador o mantenedorde este trastorno. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre “apoyo social percibido” y “depresión” en pacientes adultos con cáncer. Material y Método: Este es un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, correlacional; con una muestra no probabilística de 112 pacientes, 22 hombres y85 mujeres, de un hospital oncológico. Se utilizaron el inventario de depresión de Beck (BDI) versión breve y elcuestionario MOS-SSS (Social Support Survey). Resultados: Se encontró que el apoyo social se asocia con la depresión [p = 0,007 < α = 0.05], de forma inversa. Los tipos de apoyo más percibidos, conforme a su funcionalidad, son el “apoyo afectivo”, seguido del “apoyo instrumental”, el primero comprendido como manifestaciones de afectividad, y el segundo como ayudas sociales, material y prestación de servicios por parte del entorno. La depresión es moderada en un 14% de los casos, leve en el 24% y grave conun 4,7%. Los mismos que experimentan diversos grados de tristeza, desesperanza e infelicidad, aislamiento, indecisión, sentimientos de culpa, cansancio, entre otros. Conclusiones: Los pacientes de cáncer estudiados que perciben el apoyo social escaso presentan depresión. La mayor parte de personas investigadas considera que tienen un apoyo adecuado, algunas presentan depresión pues son múltiples los factores que se relacionan con la depres

Percepción del apoyo social en pacientes con cáncer y su influencia en la depresión

Introduction: Different factors influence the appearance of depression in the oncological population, not all of them are modifiable. However, interaction with social networks can be an element that avoids or dampens depression instead of being a generator or maintainer of this disorder. Objective: To study the relationship between "perceived social support" and "depression" in adult patients with cancer. Material and Method: This is a transversal, quantitative, descriptive, correlational study; with a non-probabilistic sample of 112 patients, 22 men and 85 women, from a cancer hospital. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) short version and the MOS-SSS (Social Support Survey) questionnaire were used. Results: Social support was found to be associated with depression [p = 0.007 <? = 0.05], in an inverse manner. The most perceived types of support, according to their functionality, are "emotional support", followed by "instrumental support", the first understood as manifestations of affectivity, andthe second as social aid, material and provision of services by the environment. Depression is moderate in 14% of cases, mild in 24% and severe with 4.7%. The same ones that experience different degrees of sadness, despair and unhappiness, isolation, indecision, feelings of guilt, fatigue, among others. Conclusions: Cancer patients studied who perceive poor social support have depression. The majority of people investigated consider that they have adequate support, some of them present depression because there are multiple factors that are related to depressiIntroducción: Diferentes factores influyen en la aparición de depresión en la población oncológica, no todos ellos son modificables. No obstante,la interacción con las redes sociales puede ser un elemento que evite o amortigüe la depresión en lugar de ser un generador o mantenedorde este trastorno. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre “apoyo social percibido” y “depresión” en pacientes adultos con cáncer. Material y Método: Este es un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, correlacional; con una muestra no probabilística de 112 pacientes, 22 hombres y85 mujeres, de un hospital oncológico. Se utilizaron el inventario de depresión de Beck (BDI) versión breve y elcuestionario MOS-SSS (Social Support Survey). Resultados: Se encontró que el apoyo social se asocia con la depresión [p = 0,007 < ? = 0.05], de forma inversa. Los tipos de apoyo más percibidos, conforme a su funcionalidad, son el “apoyo afectivo”, seguido del “apoyo instrumental”, el primero comprendido como manifestaciones de afectividad, y el segundo como ayudas sociales, material y prestación de servicios por parte del entorno. La depresión es moderada en un 14% de los casos, leve en el 24% y grave conun 4,7%. Los mismos que experimentan diversos grados de tristeza, desesperanza e infelicidad, aislamiento, indecisión, sentimientos de culpa, cansancio, entre otros. Conclusiones: Los pacientes de cáncer estudiados que perciben el apoyo social escaso presentan depresión. La mayor parte de personas investigadas considera que tienen un apoyo adecuado, algunas presentan depresión pues son múltiples los factores que se relacionan con la depres

Presentation of a case with Wellens syndrome

This case report is about a 56-year-old male, farm worker with a history of being a smoker and suffering from high blood pressure, who was admitted at the Cardiology Care Department with the diagnosis of coronary artery disease –unstable angina–, because of chest pain related to physical effort and changes in the appearance threshold. Rest-electrocardiogram, painless, shows deep, symmetric negative T waves in anterior wall, without enzyme elevation; but during admission the patient evolves quickly, clinically and electrically, to an extensive anterior wall acute myocardial infarction, without responding to the fibrinolytic reperfusion therapy, and showing a ventricular tachycardia degenerating into ventricular fibrillation. There was no response to the maneuvers of cardiovascular resuscitation, thus, he dies. It is diagnosed postmortem as a Wellens syndrome, because necropsy showed severe atherosclerotic disease of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery with extensive anterior transmural infarction