mismatch repair deficiency mmrd in glioma patients pts frequency and correlation with clinical histological and molecular characteristics

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Avaliação ecotoxicológica da água residuária do café por meio de bioensaios com Danio rerio

Ensaios ecotoxicológicos com organismos bioindicadores permitem obter respostas rápidas acerca do potencial toxicológico de determinados efluentes. Organismos aquáticos como peixes, vêm sendo amplamente estudados por pesquisadores devido a sua eficiência no monitoramento ecotoxicológico, pois algumas espécies sofrem alterações comportamentais, fisiológicas e morfológicas detectadas em um curto espaço de tempo. Assim, objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a ecotoxicidade da água residuária do café (ARC), através de bioensaios padronizados com espécie Danio rerio, um peixe bioindicador conhecido como “paulistinha”. O organismo-teste supracitado foi exposto a diferentes concentrações de amostras de ARC diluídas em água, sem alimentação e sem renovação da solução-teste, a fim de avaliar a concentração letal por um período de 48 horas (CL50-48h). Os organismos-teste foram expostos a amostras do efluente equivalentes a (1,67%, 3,33% e 5% de ARC). Ao final de cada ensaio, observou-se a letalidade provocada por cada concentração. Registrou-se os seguintes percentuais de mortalidade: 84%, 60% e 20% para as concentrações 5%, 3,33% e 1,67% de ARC, respectivamente. De acordo com os resultados obtidos e considerando a norma padrão utilizada, pode-se afirmar que quanto maior a concentração da ARC maior será a CL50-48h. Portanto, é essencial o estudo das características poluidoras da ARC para eleger um tratamento adequado, assim faz-se necessário o incentivo à pesquisa e ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de modo a remover os compostos contaminantes e minimizar o impacto ambiental deste efluente

Sustainability of grape-ethanol energy chain

The aim of this work is to evaluate the sustainability, in terms of greenhouse gases emission saving, of a new potential bio-ethanol production chain in comparison with the most common ones. The innovation consists of producing bio-ethanol from different types of no-food grapes, while usually bio-ethanol is obtained from matrices taken away from crop for food destination: sugar cane, corn, wheat, sugar beet. In the past, breeding programs were conducted with the aim of improving grapevine characteristics, a large number of hybrid vine varieties were produced and are nowadays present in the Viticulture Research Centre (CRA-VIT) Germplasm Collection. Some of them are potentially interesting for bio-energy production because of their high production of sugar, good resistance to diseases, and ability to grow in marginal lands. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of grape ethanol energy chain was performed following two different methods: i) using the spreadsheet BioGrace, developed within the Intelligent Energy Europe program to support and to ease the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC implementation; ii) using a dedicated LCA software. Emissions were expressed in CO2 equivalent (CO2eq). These two tools gave very similar results. The overall emissions impact of ethanol production from grapes on average is about 33 g CO2eq MJ–1 of ethanol if prunings are used for steam production and 53 g CO2eq MJ–1 of ethanol if methane is used. The comparison with other bio-energy chains points out that the production of ethanol using grapes represents an intermediate situation in terms of general emissions among the different production chains. The results showed that the sustainability limits provided by the normative are respected to this day. On the contrary, from 2017 this production will be sustainable only if the transformation processes will be performed using renewable sources of energy

The European Vitis Database (www.eu-vitis.de) – a technical innovation through an online uploading and interactive modification system

The objective of the European Vitis Database is to safeguard and enhance germplasm by monitoring its preservation. Two issues are strongly related to that purpose: (1) participation of collections covering almost all grape biodiversity and (2) assessment of accessions trueness to type. In the scope of the European project GrapeGen06 efforts have been made towards both objectives. The 35 participating grape germplasm repositories are found between the Iberian Peninsula and Transcaucasia, thus covering a broad range of grape diversity. Altogether they maintain 32,410 accessions. However with respect to biodiversity, gaps are still evident and further collections need to be included and trueness to type assessment absolutely needs to be pursued to organize duplication of endangered genotypes. Within the GrapeGen06 project focus was laid on the establishment of a database conferring the collection holders a high degree of responsibility and independence. Hence for the first time in a European Central Crop Database an on-line uploading application and an interactive modification system for data administration was implemented. These innovations disburden the database manager and offer the curators of collections more flexibility. Prerequisites for data import, descriptors applied, access levels, database contents, uploading, export and search functions are described

Tecniche di risanamento nella selezione sanitaria della vite

Il lavoro riporta i risultati di esperienze di risanamento attuate tramite tecniche di coltura in vitro di apici vegetativi e apici meristematici su biotipi in fase di selezione clonale. Gli accertamenti sanitari sono stati condotti con test ELISA e/o PCR per l’esame dei virus sulle plantule in vitro; saggi biologici sono stati eseguiti su alcune piante adulte. I successi del risanamento variano in funzione delle tecniche adottate e dei virus esaminati: la sola coltura in vitro ha permesso di eliminare tutti i virus su circa il 20% degli espianti, mentre con nuovi espianti operati su materiali sottoposti o meno ad interventi di termoterapia in vitro le percentuali di risanamento sono di gran lunga aumentate. Le maggiori difficoltà di guarigione si riscontrano per il virus associato a rupestris stem pitting (GRSPaV). The paper refers the results of virus elimination obtained by in vitro shoot tip and meristem tip culture of grapevine biotypes in clonal selection. Sanitary tests were carried out with ELISA and/or PCR assays for virus identification in plants cultivated in vitro; biological indexing were performed on some plants replanted in the field. Virus elimination depends on adopted methods and on the virus: in vitro meristem tip culture allowed to eliminate the viruses from more than 20% of the shoots, while taking new shoot tips from plant material treated or not treated with in vitro heat therapy gave much better results. The most difficult virus to eliminate was the rupestris stem pitting associated virus (GRSPaV)