78 research outputs found
LA DISTANCE OBJECTIF-INDICATEUR EXPLIQUEE PAR L'AMBIGĂITE DANS LA GESTION PUBLIQUE. CAS DE LA LOI ORGANIQUE RELATIVE AUX LOIS DE FINANCES (LOLF)
En partant de l'exemple des budgets de l'Ătat Ă©tablis en mode L.O.L.F (Loi organique relative aux lois de finances) cette recherche se centre sur le passage des objectifs affichĂ©s aux indicateurs qui les mettent sous contrĂŽle. En s'appuyant sur un test statistique. Ce travail vise Ă valider l'hypothĂšse de l'existence d'une contrainte paradoxale dans la pratique actuelle du management public : la recherche proclamĂ©e de la performance nĂ©cessite la mise sur pied d'indicateurs alors mĂȘme que la logique politique dont l'empreinte est dĂ©cisive sur la gestion publique s'accommode mal de la prĂ©cision. Les donnĂ©es analysĂ©es trouvent leurs sources dans les projets annuels de performance qui regroupent les objectifs et les indicateurs de mesure de la performance de l'action de l'Ătat pour 2009.Mesure de la performance, management public, rationalitĂ© politique, ambigĂŒitĂ©, distance objectif-indicateur.
Building Detection by Markov Object processes and a MCMC Algorithm
This work aims at detecting buildings in digital aÂerial photographs. Here we model a set of buildings by a configuration of objects. We define a point process on the set of configurations, which splits into two parts : the first one is a prior model on the configurations which use interactions between objects, the second one is a data model which enforces the coherence with the image. Thus we have a posterior distribution whose maximum has to be found. In order to achieve this maximum, we use a MCMC simulation - a Metropolis-Hasting- s-Green algorithm - mixed with a simulated annealing. Then we test this method on both synthetic and real stereo-images
Le management par objectifs met-il fin Ă lâambiguĂŻtĂ© dans la gestion publique ?
En partant de lâexemple des budgets de lâĂtat Ă©tablis en mode LOLF (Loi Organique relative aux Lois de Finances), cette recherche se focalise sur le passage des objectifs affichĂ©s aux indicateurs qui les mettent sous contrĂŽle. Elle entend explorer lâhypothĂšse de lâexistence dâune contrainte paradoxale dans la pratique actuelle du management public : la recherche proclamĂ©e de la performance nĂ©cessite la mise sur pied dâindicateurs alors mĂȘme que la logique politique dont lâempreinte est dĂ©cisive sur la gestion publique sâaccommode mal de la prĂ©cision. Les donnĂ©es analysĂ©es trouvent leurs sources dans les projets annuels de performance qui regroupent les objectifs et les indicateurs de mesure de la performance de lâaction de lâĂtat pour 2009.The french financial âconstitutionâ case. Based on the example of budgets established according to LOLF (Loi Organique relative aux Lois de Finances), this research focuses on the transition from the stated goals to indicators. Using a statistical test, this study aims to explore the hypothesis of the existence of a double bind in the current practice of public management : explicit search of performance needs measures to be implemented while âpolitical rationalityâ, which govern public administration functioning is not precision-friendly. This study data come from the 2009 annual performance project
Building Detection by Markov Object processes and a MCMC Algorithm
This work aims at detecting buildings in digital aÂerial photographs. Here we model a set of buildings by a configuration of objects. We define a point process on the set of configurations, which splits into two parts : the first one is a prior model on the configurations which use interactions between objects, the second one is a data model which enforces the coherence with the image. Thus we have a posterior distribution whose maximum has to be found. In order to achieve this maximum, we use a MCMC simulation - a Metropolis-Hasting- s-Green algorithm - mixed with a simulated annealing. Then we test this method on both synthetic and real stereo-images
Le management par objectifs met-il fin Ă lâambiguĂŻtĂ© dans la gestion publique ?
En partant de lâexemple des budgets de lâĂtat Ă©tablis en mode LOLF (Loi Organique relative aux Lois de Finances), cette recherche se focalise sur le passage des objectifs affichĂ©s aux indicateurs qui les mettent sous contrĂŽle. Elle entend explorer lâhypothĂšse de lâexistence dâune contrainte paradoxale dans la pratique actuelle du management public : la recherche proclamĂ©e de la performance nĂ©cessite la mise sur pied dâindicateurs alors mĂȘme que la logique politique dont lâempreinte est dĂ©cisive sur la gestion publique sâaccommode mal de la prĂ©cision. Les donnĂ©es analysĂ©es trouvent leurs sources dans les projets annuels de performance qui regroupent les objectifs et les indicateurs de mesure de la performance de lâaction de lâĂtat pour 2009.The french financial âconstitutionâ case. Based on the example of budgets established according to LOLF (Loi Organique relative aux Lois de Finances), this research focuses on the transition from the stated goals to indicators. Using a statistical test, this study aims to explore the hypothesis of the existence of a double bind in the current practice of public management : explicit search of performance needs measures to be implemented while âpolitical rationalityâ, which govern public administration functioning is not precision-friendly. This study data come from the 2009 annual performance project
Hepatitis C Virus Controls Interferon Production through PKR Activation
Hepatitis C virus is a poor inducer of interferon (IFN), although its structured viral RNA can bind the RNA helicase RIG-I, and activate the IFN-induction pathway. Low IFN induction has been attributed to HCV NS3/4A protease-mediated cleavage of the mitochondria-adapter MAVS. Here, we have investigated the early events of IFN induction upon HCV infection, using the cell-cultured HCV JFH1 strain and the new HCV-permissive hepatoma-derived Huh7.25.CD81 cell subclone. These cells depend on ectopic expression of the RIG-I ubiquitinating enzyme TRIM25 to induce IFN through the RIG-I/MAVS pathway. We observed induction of IFN during the first 12 hrs of HCV infection, after which a decline occurred which was more abrupt at the protein than at the RNA level, revealing a novel HCV-mediated control of IFN induction at the level of translation. The cellular protein kinase PKR is an important regulator of translation, through the phosphorylation of its substrate the eIF2α initiation factor. A comparison of the expression of luciferase placed under the control of an eIF2α-dependent (IRESEMCV) or independent (IRESHCV) RNA showed a specific HCV-mediated inhibition of eIF2α-dependent translation. We demonstrated that HCV infection triggers the phosphorylation of both PKR and eIF2α at 12 and 15 hrs post-infection. PKR silencing, as well as treatment with PKR pharmacological inhibitors, restored IFN induction in JFH1-infected cells, at least until 18 hrs post-infection, at which time a decrease in IFN expression could be attributed to NS3/4A-mediated MAVS cleavage. Importantly, both PKR silencing and PKR inhibitors led to inhibition of HCV yields in cells that express functional RIG-I/MAVS. In conclusion, here we provide the first evidence that HCV uses PKR to restrain its ability to induce IFN through the RIG-I/MAVS pathway. This opens up new possibilities to assay PKR chemical inhibitors for their potential to boost innate immunity in HCV infection
Cuestiones epistemolĂłgicas y estudios de caso
En un paĂs -Francia- donde el campo del teatro estĂĄ estructurado culturalmente durante dĂ©cadas, el Teatro Aplicado es una nociĂłn que a menudo aparece como ancillar, frente a un arte institucionali-zado, incluso mirificado. Por un lado, estarĂa el Teatro, puro, noble, autĂ©ntico y por otro, estarĂan sus avatares: el teatro de empresa, el teatro para el desarrollo personal, el teatro para patologĂas, etc. Si tienen la misma fuente, su consanguinidad no deja de asustar. ÂżcĂłmo pueden unos artistas que crean alejados de cualquier coacciĂłn exterior pertenecer a la misma familia del teatro que unos actores o directores que "obedecen" a un encargo, en un contexto especĂfico, con un pĂșblico muchas veces participantes de talleres ... y que son por tanto prisioneros, en cierto modo, de un arte instru-mental izado? A este problema Ă©tico, este libro intenta responder, a travĂ©s de ejemplos concretos, para una mayor comprensiĂłn inrerculrural Francia/ Colombia.In a country -France- where the field of theater has been culturally structured for decades, Applied Theater is a notion that often appears as an ancillary, in the face of an institutionalized, even mirified, art. On the one hand, there would be the Theater, pure, noble, authentic and on the other, there would be its ups and downs: company theater, theater for personal development, theater for pathologies, etc. If they have the same source, their consanguinity does not stop frightening. How can some artists who create far from any external coercion belong to the same theater family as some actors or directors who "obey" a commission, in a specific context, with an audience that is often workshop participants... are they therefore prisoners, in a certain way, of an instrumented art? To this ethical problem, this book tries to respond, through concrete examples, for a greater intercultural understanding France/ Colombia.Bogot
Techniques de mise en correspondance et détection de changements
We will present matching techniques for several kinds of objects. We fill first deal with geodesic matching of objects, which consists in defining a geodesic distance on the object set considered as a Riemannian manifold. This distance will have to take into account the action of a group of deformations on the object set and be invariant with respect to this group action. We will use this technique for the matching of images on which a group of diffeomorphisms acts. We will deduce an algorithm that will be improved by a multiresolution strategy. We will also use this geodesic distance to match features such as points or vectors thanks to a spline based modeling of the deformation. Finally, we will present some matching techniques for feature sets which allows a one to one pairing of the features.On présentera des techniques de mise en correspondance de divers types d'objets. On s'intéressera dans un premier temps à la mise en correspondance géodésique d'objets qui consiste, par le biais de l'action d'un groupe de déformation sur un ensemble d'objets, à définir une distance géodésique sur la variété riemannienne formée par l'ensemble en question, qui soit invariante par l'action de groupe considérée. Dans un premier temps, on s'intéressera à la mise en correspondance d'images sur lesquelles agissent des difféomorphismes. On en déduira un algorithme que l'on perfectionnera par une stratégie multi échelle. On adaptera cette technique de mise en correspondance géodésique à des objets tels que des points ou des vecteurs grùce à une modélisation de la déformation à base de splines. Enfin, on présentera des techniques de mise en correspondance d'ensembles de primitives avec appariement des primitives une à une
Techniques de mise en correspondance et détection de changements
On présentera des techniques de mise en correspondance de divers types d'objets. On s'intéressera dans un premier temps à la mise en correspondance géodésique d'objets qui consiste, par le biais de l'action d'un groupe de déformation sur un ensemble d'objets, à définir une distance géodésique sur la variété riemannienne formée par l'ensemble en question, qui soit invariante par l'action de groupe considérée. Dans un premier temps, on s'intéressera à la mise en correspondance d'images sur lesquelles agissent des difféomorphismes. On en déduira un algorithme que l'on perfectionnera par une stratégie multi échelle. On adaptera cette technique de mise en correspondance géodésique à des objets tels que des points ou des vecteurs grùce à une modélisation de la déformation à base de splines. Enfin, on présentera des techniques de mise en correspondance d'ensembles de primitives avec appariement des primitives une à une.We will present matching techniques for several kinds of objects. We fill first deal with geodesic matching of objects, which consists in defining a geodesic distance on the object set considered as a Riemannian manifold. This distance will have to take into account the action of a group of deformations on the object set and be invariant with respect to this group action. We will use this technique for the matching of images on which a group of diffeomorphisms acts. We will deduce an algorithm that will be improved by a multiresolution strategy. We will also use this geodesic distance to match features such as points or vectors thanks to a spline based modeling of the deformation. Finally, we will present some matching techniques for feature sets which allows a one to one pairing of the features.CACHAN-ENS (940162301) / SudocSudocFranceF
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