CONTROL NEURONAL, Y MONITOREO REMOTO DE LA VARIABLE TEMPERATURA EN UN INVERNADERO (NEURONAL CONTROL, AND REMOTE MONITORING OF THE VARIABLE TEMPERATURE IN A GREENHOUSE)

En este trabajo se presenta el control de temperatura dentro de un invernadero mediante el uso de una interfaz de monitoreo HMI SCADA y un control con redes neuronales para mantener una temperatura óptima para el crecimiento de las plantas. La temperatura es uno de los factores que repercute directamente en el cultivo dentro de un invernadero debido a un mal control de esta puede acarrear consecuencias negativas al cultivo, generar un crecimiento desordenado de la hoja y mal crecimiento del fruto. En la región sur de Jalisco existe una gran cantidad de invernaderos que pueden llegar a necesitar un aumento en su producción y ahorro de sus recursos, y una forma de ello es conseguir un buen manejo de las variables encargadas del crecimiento de las plantas. El sistema propuesto de control es un HMI SCADA asistido con redes neuronales para monitorear y controlar los cambios de temperatura dentro del invernadero, llevándose el control a cabo por un control de redes neuronales y un humificador AirWet para regular los cambios requeridos por el cultivo.Palabra(s) Clave: Invernadero, Temperatura, Redes neuronales, Control, HMI, AirWet. Abstract                                     The present project shows a temperature control within a greenhouse by using a HMI SCADA monitoring interface and a control with neural networks to maintain an optimum temperature for the growth of the plants. The temperature is one of the factors that directly affects the crop in a greenhouse due to poor control of this can cause negative consequences to the crop; generate a messy growth of the leaf and poor growth of the fruit. In the southern region of Jalisco there is a large number of greenhouses that may need to increase their production and saving their resources, and one way is to get good management of the variables responsible for the growth of the plants. The proposed control system is a SCADA HMI assisted with neural networks to monitor and control the temperature changes inside the greenhouse, taking control by a neural network control and an AirWet humidifier to regulate the changes required by the crop.Keywords: Greenhouse, Temperature, Neural Networks, Control, HMI, AirWet

Bibliotecas virtuales, acceso abierto y derechos de autor

The book gathers the works presented in III Environmental Observatory Colloquium organized by El Colegio de Chihuahua with the theme of Virtual libraries and their use in research. The purpose is to lay the groundwork for a necessary analysis and permanent in the way that are being given these dizzying changes and the impact they are producing, mainly in the investigation from technical, legal, ethical, economic and social perspectives, among other. For this, a variety of works are presented by professionals who work constantly with information producers, users or as intermediaries of the same. The book should be of interest and useful for those people who fall into one of these categories, which increasingly, we are all

Bibliotecas virtuales, acceso abierto y derechos de autor

The book gathers the works presented in III Environmental Observatory Colloquium organized by El Colegio de Chihuahua with the theme of Virtual libraries and their use in research. The purpose is to lay the groundwork for a necessary analysis and permanent in the way that are being given these dizzying changes and the impact they are producing, mainly in the investigation from technical, legal, ethical, economic and social perspectives, among other. For this, a variety of works are presented by professionals who work constantly with information producers, users or as intermediaries of the same. The book should be of interest and useful for those people who fall into one of these categories, which increasingly, we are all

CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN TERMOHIGRÓMETRO CON REGISTRO DE DATOS A TRAVÉS DE UNA PLACA DE CONTROL ARDUINO (CONSTRUCTION OF A THERMOCHIGROMETER WITH DATA RECORD THROUGH AN ARDUINO CONTROL PLATE)

Resumen   En el presente artículo se presenta la construcción de un termohigrómetro, el cual tiene como finalidad, registrar datos (datalogger) de las variables más importantes del ambiente, como lo son la humedad relativa y la temperatura. Este producto trabaja a través de una placa arduino uno, un sensor SHT21, un reloj RTC DS3231 y Módulo Lector De Micro SD Card. Para efectos de reportar valores, se registró la temperatura (T) y humedad relativa (HR), cada 5 minutos durante 24 horas. Una de las ventajas de nuestro prototipo es que tiene un menor costo a los encontrados en el ámbito comercial.Palabras clave: Datalogger, Arduino uno, SHT21, RTC DS3231.                                              Abstract   In this article we present the construction of a thermo-hygrometer, which aims to record data (datalogger) of the most important variables of the environment, such as relative humidity and temperature. This product works through an arduino one plate, a SHT21 sensor, a RTC DS3231 clock and Micro SD Card Reader Module. For reporting purposes, the temperature and relative humidity were recorded every 5 minutes for 24 hours. One of the advantages of our prototype is that it has a lower cost than those found in the commercial fieldKeywords: Datalogger, Arduino uno, SHT21, RTC, DS3231

COMPARATIVA DE DESEMPEÑO DE LOS OPTIMIZADORES ADAM VS SGD EN EL ENTRENAMIENTO DE REDES NEURONALES CONVOLUCIONALES PARA LA CLASIFICACIÓN DE IMÁGENES ECG (COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF ADAM VS. SGD OPTIMIZERS IN CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK TRAINING FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF ECG IMAGES)

Resumen Las Redes Neuronales Convolucionales (RNC) han demostrado ser una herramienta muy potente al momento de analizar imágenes, por lo cual es preciso conocer y experimentar a detalle las bondades que nos ofrece y poder así generar nuevos métodos o aplicaciones con su uso. En el presente se propone una comparativa entre dos clasificaciones de imágenes electrocardiográficas (ECG) en las que se utilizan imágenes sintéticas diseñadas a partir de ecuaciones diferenciales e imágenes reales, además de que al momento de los entrenamientos se hará uso de dos optimizadores diferentes, el optimizador ADAM y el SGD con el objetivo de dar a conocer las eficiencias de cada uno durante el entrenamiento. Este estudio cuantitativo pretende demostrar la eficiencia de las RNC aplicadas a la clasificación de imágenes de este tipo, la cual resulto ser satisfactoria ya que se puede observar que ambas clasificaciones tuvieron una precisión del 100% al utilizar el optimizador SGD. Palabras Clave: Red Neuronal Convolucional, Optimizadores ADAM y SGD, ECG. Abstract Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have proven to be a very powerful tool when analyzing images, so it is necessary to know and experience a detail of the benefits that it offers us and thus be able to generate new methods or applications with its use. In this paper, we propose a comparison between two classifications of electrocardiographic images (ECG) in which synthetic images designed from differential equations and real images are use, in addition to the fact that at the time of training two different optimizers will be used, the optimizer ADAM and SGD with the aim of making known the efficiencies of each one during training. This quantitative study aims to demonstrate the efficiency of the CNN applied to image classification of this type, which turns out to be satisfactory since it can be seen that both classifications were 100% accurate when using the SGD optimizer. Keywords: Convolutional Neural Network, ADAM and SGD optimizers, ECG

MODELADO Y SIMULACIÓN EN SOFTWARE DE EFICIENCIA EN ACONDICIONAMIENTO DE TEMPERATURA EN ESPACIO EDUCATIVO (MODELING AND SIMULATION IN SOFTWARE OF EFFICIENCY IN TEMPERATURE CONDITIONING IN EDUCATIONAL SPACE)

Resumen Se presenta una investigación de tipo comparativa, relativa a la eficiencia energética de los aires acondicionados denominados “minisplit”, mediante simulaciones en el software Solidworks, específicamente, la interfaz Flow Simulation, tomando en cuenta dos escenarios para la simulación. El primero, la zona de Mazamitla, Jalisco, México y el segundo escenario Manzanillo, Colima, México. Se usarán sus parámetros climatológicos característicos de cada zona; presión atmosférica, temperatura y humedad. Finalizando, se hace una comparativa, en los resultados de la simulación, y los parámetros iniciales, logrando demostrar, el rendimiento que tienen los dispositivos bajo los parámetros establecidos y concluyendo en que zona son más eficientes y consecuentemente disminuye su coste energético. Palabras Clave: Costo, eficiencia, parámetros, simulación, Solidworks. Abstract A comparative research is presented, related to the energy efficiency of air conditioners called “minisplit”, through simulations in Solidworks software, specifically, the Flow Simulation interface, taking into account two different places for the simulation. The first, the Mazamitla area, Jalisco, Mexico and the second stage, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico. Its characteristic climatological parameters of each zone will be used; atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity. Finally, a comparison is made, in the simulation results, and the initial parameters, managing to demonstrate the performance of the devices under the established parameters and concluding in which area they are more efficient and consequently reduces their energy cost. Keywords: Cost, Efficiency, Parameters, Simulation, Solidworks

Clinical and Non-Clinical Variables Associated With Preventive and Curative Dental Service Utilisation: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Central Mexico

Objective The present study aimed to identify preventive and curative dental health service utilisation (DHSU) in the context of associated clinical and non-clinical factors among adolescents and young adults in Mexico. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Applicants to a public university in Mexico. Participants Participants were 638 adolescents and young adults aged 16–25 randomly selected from university applicants. Interventions Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire filled out by the students. For assessment of dental caries experience, we used the index of decayed, missing and filled teeth. Primary outcome The dependent variable was DHSU in the previous 12 months, coded as 0=non-use, 1=use of curative services and 2=use of preventive services. Results The mean age was 18.76±1.76 years, and 49.2% were women. The prevalence of DHSU was 40.9% (95% CI 37.1 to 44.8) for curative services and 22.9% (95% CI 19.7 to 26.3) for preventive services. The variables associated with curative services were age, sex, mother’s education, dental pain in the previous 12 months, caries experience, use of self-care devices and oral health knowledge. For preventive services, the variables associated were mother’s education, dental pain in the previous 12 months, caries experience, use of self-care devices and self-perception of oral health. Conclusions While differences emerged by type of service, a number of variables (sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as dental factors) remained in the final model. Greater oral health needs and socioeconomic inequalities remained as predictors of both types of DHSU. Given the differences revealed by our study, oral health policies should refer those seeking dental care for oral diseases to preventive services, and promote the use of such services among the poorer and less educated population groups

Uso de residuos industriales y metacaolinita para la síntesis de geopolímeros

En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto del reemplazo de metacaolinita por residuos industriales de vidrio (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 y 50%) en geopolímeros basados en metacaolinita, sobre su resistencia a la compresión. La composición química de los residuos industriales basada en SiO₂, CaO y Na₂O, los clasifica como sódico-cálcico. Las técnicas de caracterización empleadas (DRX y FT-IR) permitieron corroborar la geopolimerización. Los geopolímeros de metacaolinita sustituidos con 10 y 20% por residuos industriales mostraron, respectivamente, una resistencia a la compresión de 21.21 y 18.04 MPa después de 3 días de curado. La sustitución de un 50% de metacaolinita por residuos industriales disminuyó significativamente su resistencia de 20.92 a 3.42 MPa, lo que representa una disminución del 83.65%. Debido a lo anterior, los residuos industriales tienen el potencial para reemplazar un 20% de la metacaolinita en la síntesis de geopolímeros.In the present work was evaluated the effect of the replacement of metakaolin by industrial glass waste (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 y 50%), of metakaolin-based geopolymers, on compressive strength. The chemistry composition of industrial waste based in SiO₂, CaO and Na₂O, classifies them as sodium-calcium. The characterization techniques (XDR and FT-IR) allowed to corroborate the geopolymerization. The geopolymers of metakaolin substituted with 10 and 20% by industrial waste showed, respectively, a compression strength of 21.21 and 18.04 MPa after of 3 days of curing. The substituted of a 50% of metakaolin by industrial waste decrease significative its strength of 20.92 and 3.42 MPa that representative a decrease of 83.65%. Due to the above, industrial waste have the potential from replaced 20% of the metakaolin in the synthesis of geopolymers

TRANSMISOR DE TEMPERATURA CON SALIDA ALÁMBRICA DE 4 A 20 mA, SALIDA INALÁMBRICA CON EL PROTOCOLO ZIGBEE, Y CON SALIDA DE CONTROL ON-OFF PROGRAMABLE (TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER WITH 4-20 mA WIRE OUTPUT, ZIGBEE PROTOCOL WIRELESS OUTPUT AND ON-OFF CONTROL OUTPUT)

Resumen En el presente artículo se presenta un Sistema de bajo costo para Control de temperatura y monitoreo remoto de esta variable dentro de un invernadero por medio de una señal RF con protocolo ZigBee. La temperatura en un invernadero favorece el crecimiento de la planta y el desarrollo del fruto, pero un mal manejo de ella, puede llevar a que esta se marchite, su hoja crezca de manera errónea o desarrolle frutos defectuosos, por ello es importante regular la temperatura sobre todo en verano, pues es cuando la temperatura tiende a elevarse a niveles considerable. Los cambios drásticos en la temperatura pueden actuar directamente modificando los procesos fisiológicos y biológicos existentes, principalmente la fotosíntesis, e indirectamente, produciendo un patrón alterado del desarrollo de la planta debido al cambio ocurrido en la temperatura. Para un crecimiento y desarrollo óptimos de la planta, los factores ambientales que intervienen en los procesos que dan lugar a los mismos (fotosíntesis, transpiración, respiración, absorción de agua y elementos minerales), deben ajustarse a unos niveles considerados como óptimos ya que de la interrelación que haya entre ellos dependerá la tasa o velocidad del proceso fotosintético y, por ende, de crecimiento. Para diseñar y construir el prototipo de monitoreo local y remoto de la variable de temperatura se evaluaron varios sensores, microcontroladores, módulos RF y antenas. Se estudiaron antenas de 5 y 10 db con un analizador de espectros. Se desarrollaron también dos medios de comunicación con el cual se controla principalmente la temperatura del invernadero con un medio análogo (4 a 20 mA) y otro digital. El prototipo es capaz de transmitir la señal de temperatura hasta 960 m de distancia con una antena de 10 db. El transmisor genera directamente una señal de control On-Off y puede comunicarse con un PLC de manera analógica y digital. Esta comunicación con el controlador antes mencionado (PLC), hace posible desarrollar otros algoritmos de control. Este prototipo cumplió con los requisitos y estándares de los transmisores de uso industrial, además de que los dispositivos empleados son de fácil acceso y de muy bajo costo que hace posible su reproducción, aunque no se tenga el conocimiento completo en el área de Ingeniería. Palabras Clave: Microcontrolador, Zigbee, db, On-Off, PLC’s. Abstract This article presents a low-cost system for temperature control and remote monitoring of this variable within a greenhouse using an RF signal with the ZigBee protocol. The temperature in a greenhouse favors the growth of the plant and the development of the product, but a bad handling of it, can carry out this march, its leaf grows erroneously or develops defective fruits, therefore it is important the temperature especially in summer, because it is when the temperature has a considerable level of elevation. Drastic changes in temperature can act directly by modifying the affected physiological and biological processes, mainly photosynthesis, and indirectly, producing an altered pattern of plant development due to the change in temperature. For optimal growth and development of the plant, the environmental factors that intervene in the processes that give rise to them (photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, absorption of water and mineral elements), must be adjusted to levels considered optimal since that the rate or speed of the photosynthetic process and, therefore, of growth will depend on the interrelation between them. To design and build the prototype of local and remote monitoring of the temperature variable, evaluate various sensors, microcontrollers, RF modules and antennas. 5 and 10 db antennas were studied with a spectrum analyzer. Two means of communication were also developed with which the greenhouse temperature is mainly controlled with an analog medium (4 to 20 mA) and a digital one. The prototype is capable of transmitting the temperature signal up to 960 m away with a 10 db antenna. The transmitter directly generates an On-Off control signal and can communicate with a PLC both analog and digital. This communication with the aforementioned controller (PLC) makes it possible to develop other control algorithms. This prototype met the requirements and modifications of the transmitters for industrial use, in addition to the devices used that are easily accessible and very low cost, which makes it possible to reproduce them, even if it does not have complete knowledge in the Engineering area. Keywords: Microcontroller, Zigbee, db, On-Off , PLCs