Plan estratégico del sector textil-confecciones con fibras de algodón y camélidos para exportación

La calidad del algodón y de la lana de auquénidos peruanos, los diseños innovadores y acabados a mano, son una herencia milenaria que ha ubicado al sector textil y confecciones con un diferencial de calidad reconocido a nivel mundial. Hasta el 2008 su crecimiento y desarrollo lo ubicó entre los rubros exportadores no tradicionales más importantes del Perú. En la actualidad el sector es considerado como uno de los principales generadores de empleo en el País y representa el 1.0% del PBI. Sin embargo, la inestabilidad de los mercados, la desaceleración de economías como la de Estados Unidos, la aparición de nuevos competidores centroamericanos, los problemas políticos y económicos internos, así como altos costos laborales y la falta de políticas agresivas para desarrollar el sector, han contraído las exportaciones que año a año siguen descendiendo. La industria textil y confección enfrenta grandes retos: la investigación para mejorar la productividad y el rendimiento de las fibras (algodón y lana de auquénido); la mejora en las técnicas de producción; la innovación y originalidad en los diseños; la gestión de empresas; la integración de los sectores involucrados en la cadena de valor; y la creación de un clúster especializado que integre las instituciones públicas y privadas para mejorar la competitividad y rentabilidad del sector textil y confecciones.The top quality of the wool and cotton from peruvians camelids, the innovative designs and the hand-finished products are an ancient heritage that has placed the textile and clothing industry of Peru to a world-wide high quality recognition. Until 2008, its growth and its development placed them among the most important non-traditional industries in Perú. Nowadays, this industry is considered to be as one of the main generators of employment in the country and it represents 1.0% of the total peruvian PBI. Nonetheless, the market instability, the economic stagnation of many countries (such as the economy of the United States), the appearance of new competitors from central america, the internal political and economical problems, the high labor costs and the lack of aggressive policies to develop the sector has lead to a contraction of the exports, which year after year continue to fall. The textile and clothing industry faces big challenges: the investigation to improve the productivity and the performance of the fibers (camelid wool and cotton); the improvement in the production techniques; the originality and the innovation in the designs; the business management; the integration of the sectors involved in the chain value; and the creation of a specialized Cluster that combine both the private and public institutions to improve the competitiveness and profitability of the textile and clothing industry.Tesi

Visiones críticas del patrimonio cultural. Discursos, prácticas y alternativas

Los artículos recogidos en Visiones críticas del patrimonio cultural: discursos, prácticas y alternativas son el resultado de un esfuerzo colectivo por articular distintas miradas sobre el patrimonio cultural y, al mismo tiempo, una crítica a los discursos construidos en torno a él. Los artículos que componen esta obra nos acercan a importantes reflexiones teóricas, a resultados de investigación, a reflexiones críticas, metodológicas y a técnicas de investigación utilizadas en los estudios del patrimonio histórico y cultural en el contexto latinoamericano. Es nuestro interés presentar esta obra a la comunidad académica como un aporte a los debates sobre el patrimonio cultural y sus múltiples representaciones e interpretaciones. Así mismo, es importante destacar que los artículos contenidos en este libro resaltan aspectos que van más allá de los comúnmente asociados a los procesos nacionalistas del Estado, situando la discusión en visiones críticas sobre los discursos y las prácticas que comúnmente se construyen alrededor del patrimonio, para darnos cabida a nuevas formas de tejer alternativas a los discursos homegenizantes del patrimonio histórico y cultural en América Latina

Entomovirological Surveillance in Schools: Are They a Source for Arboviral Diseases Transmission?

Surveillance and control activities for virus-transmitting mosquitoes have primarily focused on dwellings. There is little information about viral circulation in heavily trafficked places such as schools. We collected and analyzed data to assess the presence and prevalence of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in mosquitoes, and measured Aedes indices in schools in Medellín (Colombia) between 2016–2018. In 43.27% of 2632 visits we collected Aedes adults, creating 883 pools analyzed by RT-PCR. 14.27% of pools yielded positive for dengue or Zika (infection rates of 1.75–296.29 for Aedes aegypti). Ae. aegypti was more abundant and had a higher infection rate for all studied diseases. Aedes indices varied over time. There was no association between Aedes abundance and mosquito infection rates, but the latter did correlate with cases of arboviral disease and climate. Results suggest schools are important sources of arbovirus and health agencies should include these sites in surveillance programs; it is essential to know the source for arboviral diseases transmission and the identification of the most population groups exposed to these diseases to research and developing new strategies

Calidad de vida laboral y trabajo digno o decente: nuevos paradigmas en las organizaciones

Este libro está enmarcado en el proyecto de investigación "Determinación de las implicaciones de la subcontratación o tercerización en el trabajo digno o decente", una investigación interinstitucional desarrollada entre la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Seccional Medellín, la Fundación Universitaria CEIPA, la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y la Universidad Vasco de Quiroga de México. Esta publicación es producto de un trabajo colectivo entre varios investigadores nacionales e internacionales, cuyo interés ha estado fundamentado en presentar diversas reflexiones en el marco de la calidad de vida laboral y el trabajo digno o decente, entendidos como nuevos paradigmas en las organizaciones. Con ello se busca reflexionar sobre el valor que representa este tema en la cotidianidad y en el desarrollo de una sociedad inclusiva y fundamentada en el valor de las personas como elemento primordial para el desarrollo organizacional.This book is the result of a part of the project "Determination of the implications of subcontracting or outsourcing in decent or decent work", an interinstitutional investigation developed between the Cooperative University of Colombia, Medellín sectional, the CEIPA University Foundation, the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the Basque University of Quiroga of Mexico. This publication is the product of the collective work between several national and international researchers interested in presenting different reflections on the quality of work-life and decent work, understood as new paradigms in organizations. With this, we seek to reflect on the value that this topic represents in everyday life and for the development of an inclusive society based on the value of people as a fundamental element for organizational development.1. Introducción. -- 2. Panorama del trabajo infantil. -- 3. El derecho de los niños a la educación. -- 4. El derecho a la educación para los niños trabajadores en México. -- 5. Conclusiones.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-734

Calidad de vida laboral y trabajo digno o decente: Nuevos paradigmas en las organizaciones

This book is the result of a part of the project "Determination of the implications of subcontracting or outsourcing in decent or decent work", an interinstitutional investigation developed between the Cooperative University of Colombia, Medellín sectional, the CEIPA University Foundation, the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the Basque University of Quiroga of Mexico. This publication is the product of the collective work between several national and international researchers interested in presenting different reflections on the quality of work-life and decent work, understood as new paradigms in organizations. With this, we seek to reflect on the value that this topic represents in everyday life and for the development of an inclusive society based on the value of people as a fundamental element for organizational development.Este libro está enmarcado en el proyecto de investigación Determinación de las implicaciones de la subcontratación o tercerización en el trabajo digno o decente, una investigación interinstitucional desarrollada entre la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia - Seccional Medellín, la Fundación Universitaria CEIPA, la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y la Universidad Vasco de Quiroga de México. Esta publicación es producto de un trabajo colectivo entre varios investigadores nacionales e internacionales, cuyo interés ha estado fundamentado en presentar diversas reflexiones en el marco de la calidad de vida laboral y el trabajo digno o decente, entendidos como nuevos paradigmas en las organizaciones. Con ello se busca reflexionar sobre el valor que representa este tema en la cotidianidad y en el desarrollo de una sociedad inclusiva y fundamentada en el valor de las personas como elemento primordial para el desarrollo organizacional

Calidad de vida laboral y trabajo digno o decente: Nuevos paradigmas en las organizaciones

This book is the result of a part of the project "Determination of the implications of subcontracting or outsourcing in decent or decent work", an interinstitutional investigation developed between the Cooperative University of Colombia, Medellín sectional, the CEIPA University Foundation, the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the Basque University of Quiroga of Mexico. This publication is the product of the collective work between several national and international researchers interested in presenting different reflections on the quality of work-life and decent work, understood as new paradigms in organizations. With this, we seek to reflect on the value that this topic represents in everyday life and for the development of an inclusive society based on the value of people as a fundamental element for organizational development.Este libro está enmarcado en el proyecto de investigación Determinación de las implicaciones de la subcontratación o tercerización en el trabajo digno o decente, una investigación interinstitucional desarrollada entre la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia - Seccional Medellín, la Fundación Universitaria CEIPA, la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y la Universidad Vasco de Quiroga de México. Esta publicación es producto de un trabajo colectivo entre varios investigadores nacionales e internacionales, cuyo interés ha estado fundamentado en presentar diversas reflexiones en el marco de la calidad de vida laboral y el trabajo digno o decente, entendidos como nuevos paradigmas en las organizaciones. Con ello se busca reflexionar sobre el valor que representa este tema en la cotidianidad y en el desarrollo de una sociedad inclusiva y fundamentada en el valor de las personas como elemento primordial para el desarrollo organizacional

Calidad de vida laboral y trabajo digno o decente: Nuevos paradigmas en las organizaciones

This book is the result of a part of the project "Determination of the implications of subcontracting or outsourcing in decent or decent work", an interinstitutional investigation developed between the Cooperative University of Colombia, Medellín sectional, the CEIPA University Foundation, the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the Basque University of Quiroga of Mexico. This publication is the product of the collective work between several national and international researchers interested in presenting different reflections on the quality of work-life and decent work, understood as new paradigms in organizations. With this, we seek to reflect on the value that this topic represents in everyday life and for the development of an inclusive society based on the value of people as a fundamental element for organizational development.Este libro está enmarcado en el proyecto de investigación Determinación de las implicaciones de la subcontratación o tercerización en el trabajo digno o decente, una investigación interinstitucional desarrollada entre la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia - Seccional Medellín, la Fundación Universitaria CEIPA, la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y la Universidad Vasco de Quiroga de México. Esta publicación es producto de un trabajo colectivo entre varios investigadores nacionales e internacionales, cuyo interés ha estado fundamentado en presentar diversas reflexiones en el marco de la calidad de vida laboral y el trabajo digno o decente, entendidos como nuevos paradigmas en las organizaciones. Con ello se busca reflexionar sobre el valor que representa este tema en la cotidianidad y en el desarrollo de una sociedad inclusiva y fundamentada en el valor de las personas como elemento primordial para el desarrollo organizacional

Paediatric COVID-19 mortality: a database analysis of the impact of health resource disparity

Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric populations varied between high-income countries (HICs) versus low-income to middle-income countries (LMICs). We sought to investigate differences in paediatric clinical outcomes and identify factors contributing to disparity between countries.Methods The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 database was queried to include children under 19 years of age admitted to hospital from January 2020 to April 2021 with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Univariate and multivariable analysis of contributing factors for mortality were assessed by country group (HICs vs LMICs) as defined by the World Bank criteria.Results A total of 12 860 children (3819 from 21 HICs and 9041 from 15 LMICs) participated in this study. Of these, 8961 were laboratory-confirmed and 3899 suspected COVID-19 cases. About 52% of LMICs children were black, and more than 40% were infants and adolescent. Overall in-hospital mortality rate (95% CI) was 3.3% [=(3.0% to 3.6%), higher in LMICs than HICs (4.0% (3.6% to 4.4%) and 1.7% (1.3% to 2.1%), respectively). There were significant differences between country income groups in intervention profile, with higher use of antibiotics, antivirals, corticosteroids, prone positioning, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in HICs. Out of the 439 mechanically ventilated children, mortality occurred in 106 (24.1%) subjects, which was higher in LMICs than HICs (89 (43.6%) vs 17 (7.2%) respectively). Pre-existing infectious comorbidities (tuberculosis and HIV) and some complications (bacterial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocarditis) were significantly higher in LMICs compared with HICs. On multivariable analysis, LMIC as country income group was associated with increased risk of mortality (adjusted HR 4.73 (3.16 to 7.10)).Conclusion Mortality and morbidities were higher in LMICs than HICs, and it may be attributable to differences in patient demographics, complications and access to supportive and treatment modalities

Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 in adults hospitalized in high-income countries compared with those in adults hospitalized in low- and middle-income countries in an international registry

Background: COVID-19 has been associated with a broad range of thromboembolic, ischemic, and hemorrhagic complications (coagulopathy complications). Most studies have focused on patients with severe disease from high-income countries (HICs). Objectives: The main aims were to compare the frequency of coagulopathy complications in developing countries (low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]) with those in HICs, delineate the frequency across a range of treatment levels, and determine associations with in-hospital mortality. Methods: Adult patients enrolled in an observational, multinational registry, the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections COVID-19 study, between January 1, 2020, and September 15, 2021, met inclusion criteria, including admission to a hospital for laboratory-confirmed, acute COVID-19 and data on complications and survival. The advanced-treatment cohort received care, such as admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or inotropes or vasopressors; the basic-treatment cohort did not receive any of these interventions. Results: The study population included 495,682 patients from 52 countries, with 63% from LMICs and 85% in the basic treatment cohort. The frequency of coagulopathy complications was higher in HICs (0.76%-3.4%) than in LMICs (0.09%-1.22%). Complications were more frequent in the advanced-treatment cohort than in the basic-treatment cohort. Coagulopathy complications were associated with increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52-1.64). The increased mortality associated with these complications was higher in LMICs (58.5%) than in HICs (35.4%). After controlling for coagulopathy complications, treatment intensity, and multiple other factors, the mortality was higher among patients in LMICs than among patients in HICs (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39-1.51). Conclusion: In a large, international registry of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, coagulopathy complications were more frequent in HICs than in LMICs (developing countries). Increased mortality associated with coagulopathy complications was of a greater magnitude among patients in LMICs. Additional research is needed regarding timely diagnosis of and intervention for coagulation derangements associated with COVID-19, particularly for limited-resource settings

Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Background: We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods: The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results: Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60 years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions: Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death. The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death