Current status of las tablas de daimiel national park wetland and actions required for conservation

Wetlands are complex ecosystems that play multiple roles. ‘Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park’ (TDNP) undoubtedly plays a role in several ecosystem services and provides a connection between nature, farmers, scientists, residents, and other stakeholders. The state of degradation and/or vulnerability of this ecosystem (with a series of socio-economic implications) have led the publication of numerous articles. The work reported here provides a description of the growing importance of this wetland within the rural landscapes of La Mancha and emphasizes its state of degradation, mainly since pedological point of view. In this way, particular attention is required to assure the conservation of the Tablas of Daimiel Wetland; thus, several measures are proposed to improve the conservation of this area as to control and prohibit any dumping of any type of waste in the park or in its vicinityThis Research was funded by Organismo Autonomo Parques Nacionales (Autonomous Organism National Parks) of Spain (OAPN

Gastronomic Paradigms in Contemporary Western Cuisine: From French Haute Cuisine to Mass Media Gastronomy

Thomas Kuhn brings the concept of “paradigm” as the fundamental engine in the progress of humanity. Kuhn defines paradigms as the set of formal theories, experiments and work methods that define a process (scientific, economic, social, and in this case, contemporary haute cuisine), in a given time. According to Kuhn, progress does not happen by gradual accumulation of knowledge, but rather by abrupt advances. In this review, the conceptual evolution experienced by contemporary gastronomy (from the French Revolution to today) is analyzed applying the paradigm structure in light of the scientific knowledge of each era. It is thus reviewed how the first and second gastronomic paradigms, proposed, respectively, by Carême and Escoffier and based on food smell and taste the first and the flavor of the sauces the second, have been replaced by the third and fourth paradigms, led, respectively, by the Nouvelle Cuisine in France and Ferrán Adriá in Spain, and in whose development touch, sight, and sound have become increasingly prominent in gastronomic pleasure. Finally, it is analyzed how new trends in gastronomy: (1) worldwide diffusion of the Spanish tapas; (2) globalization of ethnic and fusion cuisines; (3) the growing disappearance of the professional gastronomic critique and its replacement bymassmedia influencers; (4) the increase of sustainability in cooking with development of local-, vegan-, and paleo-cooking, comfort, and smart food and finally, (5) the growing role of social networks and the self-itis linked to photography or foodstagramming in the gastronomic experience are leading toward a new gastronomic paradigm based on the global socialization of classic gastronomy

Los 365 gestos de la Giralda de Amalio

El presente artículo trata sobre la obra pictórica sobre las Giraldas de Amalio, como esta ha sido abordada, mantenida y sostenida por este pintor que se enamoro de la Torre sevillana. Tratando sobre un mismo tema en diversos conceptos artísticos y modalidades temáticas, que abarcan desde los paisajes figurativos que tratan de reflejar la estación del año, el día, la hora y el lugar desde donde fueron pintados, hasta las representaciones menos realistas e interpretaciones muy personales, sin olvidar que esta obra se hizo para la ciudad de Sevilla que se identifica con esta torre, Sevilla sin su Giralda no sería Sevilla.The present article is abaut the pictorial worns about the Giraldas of Amalio, as that has been approached, maintained and supported by this painter who foelt in love with topic Sevillan tower trearting about the same the me in diferents artistic concepts and the matics categories that cover from lanscapes that try to reflect the diferants seasons, the day, the time and the place where they were painted, untill the less realistic representations and very personal interpretations, without forget that this work was done for Seville that is associated with this tower. Seville without its Giralda would not be Sevilla

Packing structure of semiflexible rings

Unraveling the packing structure of dense assemblies of semiflexible rings is not only fundamental for the dynamical description of polymer rings, but also key to understand biopackaging, such as observed in circular DNA of viruses or genome folding. Here we use X-ray tomography to study the geometrical and topological features of disordered packings of rubber bands in a cylindrical container. Assemblies of short bands assume a liquidlike disordered structure, with short-range orientational order, and reveal only minor influence of the container. In the case of longer bands, the confinement causes folded configurations and the bands interpenetrate and entangle. Most of the systems are found to display a threading network which percolates the system. Surprisingly, for long bands whose diameter is more than twice the diameter of the container, we found that all bands interpenetrate each other, in a complex fully entangled structure.Fil: Gomez, Leopoldo Raimundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: García, Nicolás. Institut Laue Langevin; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Poschel, Thorsten. Universitat Erlangen-nurnberg. Institute Of Multiscale Simulation.; Alemani

Crystallization dynamics on curved surfaces

We study the evolution from a liquid to a crystal phase in two-dimensional curved space. At early times, while crystal seeds grow preferentially in regions of low curvature, the lattice frustration produced in regions with high curvature is rapidly relaxed through isolated defects. Further relaxation involves a mechanism of crystal growth and defect annihilation where regions with high curvature act as sinks for the diffusion of domain walls. The pinning of grain boundaries at regions of low curvature leads to the formation of a metastable structure of defects, characterized by asymptotically slow dynamics of ordering and activation energies dictated by the largest curvatures of the system. These glassylike ordering dynamics may completely inhibit the appearance of the ground-state structures.Fil: García, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Fisica del Sur; Universidad Nacional del Sur;Fil: Vega, Daniel Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Fisica del Sur; Universidad Nacional del Sur;Fil: Gomez, Leopoldo Raimundo. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Fisica del Sur; Universidad Nacional del Sur

Neuropatic pain physiopathology

El dolor neuropático constituye un importante problema para el médico debido a su relativa frecuencia y a su difícil tratamiento. Surge como consecuencia de distintas enfermedades o lesiones del sistema somatosensorial central o periférico, determinantes de una serie de alteraciones funcionales que conllevan una disminución del umbral de excitación de los nociceptores para distintos estímulos, la génesis de impulsos ectópicos, una inadecuada conexión sináptica o un fallo en los mecanismos de control endógeno del dolor, tanto de carácter inhibitorio o facilitador de la transmisión dolorosa. También surgen cambios estructurales reflejados en una neurogénesis anormal o incluso la propia muerte de células nerviosas. Los mecanismos por los cuales se producen estas alteraciones son muy complejos, pero en muchas ocasiones tienen una importante base en la reacción inflamatoria e inmunológica que acompaña a los procesos etiológicos de este dolor. Como consecuencia de tal reacción se promueven modificaciones en estructuras moleculares de naturaleza proteica, algunas de las cuales conforman canales iónicos y receptores de membrana que juegan un importante papel en la nocicepción. Además, en algunos casos, para que aparezca el dolor neuropático, junto a las lesiones nerviosas, es necesaria la concurrencia de factores genéticos que dan lugar a polimorfismos, responsables de la presencia de subtipos no fisiológicos de canales y receptores y también de cambios en la biodegradación de los fármacos, hechos que pueden explicar que la sensación dolorosa sea muy variable de unos individuos a otros o que la respuesta analgésica sea también muy dispar. A pesar de que en los últimos años se han producido considerables avances en el conocimiento de los mecanismos de producción del dolor neuropático, será preciso profundizar mas aún para saber cuales son los responsables de las alteraciones funcionales o estructurales en humanos, con objeto de dirigir hacia ellas una terapéutica correctora mas especifica, para hacerla así, mucho mas eficaz.Neuropathic pain is a major problem for the physician due to its relative frequency and its difficult treatment. Arises from various diseases or injuries of the peripheral or central somatosensory system, determining a series of functional changes that involve a decrease in excitation threshold of nociceptors to other stimuli, the genesis of ectopic impulses, inadequate or faulty synaptic connection in the mechanisms of endogenous pain control, both inhibitory or facilitative nature of pain transmission. Structural changes occur also reflected in an abnormal neurogenesis or indeed the death of nerve cells. The mechanisms by which these alterations occur are very complex, but often have a strong base in the inflammatory and immunologic processes accompanying the etiology of this pain. As a result of this reaction are promoted changes in molecular structures of protein nature, some of which form ion channels and membrane receptors that play an important role in nociception. Moreover, in some cases, to display neuropathic pain, with nerve damage, is required the concurrence of genetic polymorphisms that lead to responsible for the presence of physiological subtypes of channels and receptors and changes in biodegradation of the drug facts can explain the sensation of pain is highly variable from one individual to another or that the analgesic response is also very uneven. Although in recent years have seen considerable progress in understanding the mechanisms of neuropathic pain, will require even deeper to find out which are responsible for structural or functional changes in humans, in order to head them a more specific corrective therapy to make it so much more effective

Vida y obra de un santo varón: Joaquín Díaz de Rábago. Teórico e historiador del cooperativismo (1837-1898)

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Ensaio histórico de Borobó. Os Dous San Martiño. O primer patrón e o primer apóstol de Galicia

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Nanoparticles for the tratment of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is by far the most frequent metabolic disease affecting bone. Current clinical therapeutic treatments are not able to offer long-term solutions. Most of the clinically used antiosteoporotic drugs are administered systemically, which might lead to side effects in non-skeletal tissues. Therefore, to solve these disadvantages, researchers have turned to nanotechnologies and nanomaterials to create innovative and alternative treatments. One of the innovative approaches to enhance osteoporosis therapy and prevent potential adverse effects is the development of bonetargeting drug delivery technologies. It minimizes the systemic toxicity and also improves the pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy of chemical drugs. This paper reviews the current available bone targeting drug delivery systems, focusing on nanoparticles, proposed for osteoporosis treatment. Bone targeting delivery systems is still in its infancy, thus, challenges are ahead of us, including the stability and the toxicity issues. Newly developed biomaterials and technologies with potential for safer and more effective drug delivery, require multidisciplinary collaboration between scientists from many different areas, such as chemistry, biology, engineering, medicine, etc, in order to facilitate their clinical applications