Formation of kinematic subsystems in stellar spiral-spiral mergers

[EN]We show that kinematically peculiar cores may be generated in stellar spiral-spiral mergers. Kinematic segregation appears as the central bulges transport orbital angular momentum inward to the center of the remnant, while the outer parts keep the spin signature of the precursor disks. The peculiar core is composed mostly of bulge material, and its size best matches that of observed peculiar cores for mergers with unequal galaxy masses (~2:1). Population decoupling is predicted by the rapid radial decrease of the bulge fraction in the remnant. In this scenario, a starburst may pump up the remnant metallicity, but otherwise the high metallicity of the kinematically decoupled core is built on the high metal content of the inner bulges rather than on a high selfenrichment of a population built from scratch out of the precursors’ gas. Mergers with galaxy mass ratios 3:1 and above generate disk galaxies with counterrotating bulges.Peer reviewe

Diverse Sources of Social Support and Cognitive Functioning by Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity

This study examines the relationship between social support profiles and cognitive functioning by race, ethnicity and nativity in older adults using cross-sectional data drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (2010 and 2012). We employed a hierarchical clustering routine to generate nine support profiles that differentiated three sources of support: children, wider family relationships and friendships. Cognitive functioning was measured as the score on the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m), a 27 point scale of cognitive function. Our approach explicitly acknowledges the ambivalence and multidimensionality of close relationships and the resources embedded within them. Descriptive analyses revealed significant differences in access to support across demographic groups. White respondents are over-represented in profiles that are characterized by support from friends, and under-represented in family support profiles. The reverse is found among Foreign-born Hispanic respondents who are over-represented in the profiles characterized by high family support and under-represented in those with high friend support. Native-born Hispanic respondents and Black respondents have less clear support patterns, although both are more likely to receive support from family and children compared to friends. Findings from the Poisson regression suggest that the relationship between familial support and cognitive decline is stronger among Hispanic respondents, particularly those who are foreign born. These findings are supported even with the inclusion of other relationship quality indicators including negative support and frequency of contact

Redefinition of the Amplitude Probability Distribution Measuring Function for Electromagnetic Emissions Assessment

The amplitude probability distribution (APD) is a measuring function for assessing electromagnetic disturbances, especially those with a stochastic and time-varying distribution. According to the CISPR 16-1-1, the APD has been defined as the cumulative distribution of the probability of time that the amplitude of disturbance exceeds a specified level. The APD is highly correlated to the bit error rate of digital communication systems, and therefore, a redefinition of radiated emission limits based on the APD would be very meaningful in terms of protecting wireless systems from unintentional interferences. However, establishing emissions requirements based on the current standard APD method can be misleading and not completely traceable metrology-wise. This is because, when analyzing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards, the current specifications for APD measurements are unclear and ill-posed. For instance, the APD is only defined for applications above 1 GHz and with a fixed resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz; both conditions are arbitrarily set due to legacy considerations. Given the capabilities and flexibility of available instrumentation technology, we will propose an improved and more general APD definition accompanied by a calculation algorithm. Moreover, we argue that the APD measurements shall move from a histogram-based approach and implement kernel density estimation instead. We deliver evidence that exemplifies and supports our revised APD definition through numerical simulations. The study closes with a critical discussion about why the APD is so relevant and how it can be redefined to become widely employed as part of EMC assessments.The project (21NRM06 EMC-STD) has received funding from the European Partnership on Metrology, co-financed by the European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and by the Participating States. EMC Barcelona's project under grant number SNEO-20211223 has received funding from CDTI, which is supported by "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación" and financed by the European Union - NextGenerationEU - through the guidelines included in the `Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia". Dr. Azpúrua has received funding from the StandICT.eu 2023 project, financed by the European Union's Horizon Europe - Research and Innovation Programme - under grant agreement No. 951972

Un modelo numérico en elementos finitos para la corriente inducida por la marea. Aplicaciones al Estrecho de Gibraltar

Mediante un modelo numérico quasi-3D en elementos finitos que resuelve las ecuaciones de aguas someras a través de una técnica de descomposición armónica, se ha estudiado el comportamiento de la marea en el Estrecho de Gibraltar. En esta región se acoplan dos regímenes de marea sustancialmente diferentes, el correspondiente al océano Atlántico y el de la cuenca mediterránea. Los resultados del modelo confirman la preponderancia de la circulación inducida por la marea en el flujo local de la zona. También se ha comprobado la importancia que en este ámbito tienen los efectos de la difusión turbulenta, de la fricción con el fondo, de la geometría del dominio y de la interacción de las componentes mareales con la circulación residual. El empleo de una interpolación de orden superior para la altura de la superficie libre y de una formulación no lineal para la fricción con el fondo debe permitir mejorar el grado de ajuste entre los resultados numéricos obtenidos y los datos disponibles.Tidal wave propagation patterns in the Gibraltar Strait are analyzed by means of a quasi- 3D finite element model of the shallow water equations whose solver is based on a harmonic descomposition technique. In this region, two substantially different tidal regimes are coupled, the one corresponding to the Atlantic Ocean and that of the Mediterranean basin. The model results confirm that the tidal contribution is prevailing within local circulation patterns. Moreover, our solutions suggest that the turbulent diffusion of momentum, bottom friction effects, the geometry of the Strait and the tide-current interactions have an important influence on the tidal propagations patterns. The use both of a higher order interpolation scheme for the sea surface height and a non-linear formulation for bottom friction is envisaged as a means to obtain better agreement between model results and experimental data.Peer Reviewe

Life Expectancies With Depression by Age of Migration and Gender Among Older Mexican Americans

Background and Objectives: Prior studies examining depression among older Mexican Americans suggest both women and immigrants are at higher risk of depressive symptomatology than males and U.S.-born Mexican Americans. We use data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly to examine whether life expectancy with depression and without depression varies by nativity, age of migration, and gender. Research Design and Methods: Sullivan-based life tables were used to estimate depression life expectancies among Mexican Americans aged 65 years and older residing in the Southwestern United States. Depression is based on the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D). The CES-D is a continuous scale (0–60) with higher values indicating worse mental health. We dichotomize depression as a score of 16 or greater. Results: Immigrant women, particularly those who migrated in late-life (after age 50) are at a significant disadvantage in the number of years after age 65 lived with depression and the ratio of years spent without depression relative to U.S.-born women. Among men, only late-life immigrants were disadvantaged in the number of years spent with depression. Early- and mid-life immigrant males did not differ from U.S.-born males. Discussion and Implications: Our results highlight the heterogeneity among older Mexican Americans in life expectancies with depression. These findings illustrate the importance of considering age of migration as a high-risk factor for depression among Mexican-origin immigrants. Including this risk factor as a part of depression screening is a key step for timely interventions in preventing disability and comorbidities associated with untreated depression

Life Expectancies With Depression by Age of Migration and Gender Among Older Mexican Americans

Background and Objectives: Prior studies examining depression among older Mexican Americans suggest both women and immigrants are at higher risk of depressive symptomatology than males and U.S.-born Mexican Americans. We use data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly to examine whether life expectancy with depression and without depression varies by nativity, age of migration, and gender. Research Design and Methods: Sullivan-based life tables were used to estimate depression life expectancies among Mexican Americans aged 65 years and older residing in the Southwestern United States. Depression is based on the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D). The CES-D is a continuous scale (0–60) with higher values indicating worse mental health. We dichotomize depression as a score of 16 or greater. Results: Immigrant women, particularly those who migrated in late-life (after age 50) are at a significant disadvantage in the number of years after age 65 lived with depression and the ratio of years spent without depression relative to U.S.-born women. Among men, only late-life immigrants were disadvantaged in the number of years spent with depression. Early- and mid-life immigrant males did not differ from U.S.-born males. Discussion and Implications: Our results highlight the heterogeneity among older Mexican Americans in life expectancies with depression. These findings illustrate the importance of considering age of migration as a high-risk factor for depression among Mexican-origin immigrants. Including this risk factor as a part of depression screening is a key step for timely interventions in preventing disability and comorbidities associated with untreated depression

Evolution induced by dry minor mergers onto fast-rotator S0 galaxies

We analysed collisionless N-body simulations of intermediate and minor dry mergers onto S0s to test whether these mergers can generate S0 galaxies with kinematics intermediate between fast and slow rotators. We find that minor mergers induce a lower decrease of the global rotational support than encounters of lower mass ratios, which results in S0s with properties intermediate between fast and slow rotators. The resulting remnants are intrinsically more triaxial, less flattened, and span the whole range of apparent ellipticities up to $\epsilon_\mathrm{e} \sim 0.8$. They do not show lower apparent ellipticities in random projections than initially; on the contrary, the formation of oval distortions and the disc thickening increase the percentage of projections at $0.4 < \epsilon_\mathrm{e} < 0.7$. In the experiments with S0b progenitor galaxies, minor mergers tend to spin up the bulge and to decrease slightly its intrinsic ellipticity, whereas in the cases of primary S0c galaxies they keep the rotational support of the bulge nearly constant and decrease significantly its intrinsic ellipticity. The remnant bulges remain nearly spherical ($B/A \sim C/A > 0.9$), but exhibit a wide range of triaxialities ($0.20 < T < 1.00$). In the plane of global anisotropy of velocities ($\delta$) vs. intrinsic ellipticity ($\epsilon_\mathrm{e,intr}$), some of our models extend the linear trend found in previous major merger simulations towards higher $\epsilon_\mathrm{e,intr}$ values, while others depart from it. This is consistent with the wide dispersion exhibited by real S0s in this diagram compared with ellipticals, which follow the linear trend drawn by major merger simulations. The different trends exhibited by ellipticals and S0 galaxies in the $\delta$ - $\epsilon_\mathrm{e}$ diagram may be pointing to the different role played by major mergers in the build-up of each morphological type.Comment: Corrected typos. 20 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publishing in A&

Nativity and Country of Origin Variations in Life Expectancy With Functional Limitations Among Older Hispanics in the United States

This study examined racial/ethnic, nativity, and country of origin differences in life expectancy with and without functional limitations among older adults in the United States. We used data from the National Health Interview Survey (1999–2015) to estimate Sullivan-based life tables of life expectancies with functional limitations and without functional limitations by sex for U.S.-born Mexicans, foreign-born Mexicans, U.S.-born Puerto Ricans, island-born Puerto Ricans, foreign-born Cubans, and U.S.-born Whites. We find that Latinos exhibit heterogeneous life expectancies with functional limitations. Among females, U.S.-born Mexicans, foreign-born Mexicans, and foreign-born Cubans spend significantly fewer years without functional limitations, whereas island-born Puerto Ricans spend more years with functional limitations. For men, U.S.-born Puerto Ricans were the only Latino subgroup disadvantaged in the number of years lived with functional limitations. Conversely, foreign-born Cubans spend significantly fewer years without functional limitations. To address disparities in functional limitations, we must consider variation in health among Latino subgroups

12C/13C isotopic ratios in red-giant stars of the open cluster NGC 6791

Carbon isotope ratios, along with carbon and nitrogen abundances, are derived in a sample of 11 red-giant members of one of the most metal-rich clusters in the Milky Way, NGC 6791. The selected red-giants have a mean metallicity and standard deviation of [Fe/H]=+0.39+-0.06 (Cunha et al. 2015). We used high resolution H-band spectra obtained by the SDSS-IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). The advantage of using high-resolution spectra in the H-band is that lines of CO are well represented and their line profiles are sensitive to the variation of 12C/13C. Values of the 12C/13C ratio were obtained from a spectrum synthesis analysis. The derived 12C/13C ratios varied between 6.3 and 10.6 in NGC 6791, in agreement with the final isotopic ratios from thermohaline-induced mixing models. The ratios derived here are combined with those obtained for more metal poor red-giants from the literature to examine the correlation between 12C/13C, mass, metallicity and evolutionary status.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 table