Pathologies cutanées vues au laboratoire d’anatomie pathologique à Lomé, Togo

Introduction: Les affections cutanées restent encore un problème de santé publique dans la majorité des pays en développement. Notre étude s'est fixée comme objectif de déterminer les aspects épidémiologiques et histologiques des dermatoses au Togo. Méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive et transversale portant sur les cas de dermatoses diagnostiquées de 2002 à 2013 (10 ans) au laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique (LAP) du CHU- Sylvanus Olympio. Tous les cas d'examen portant sur un prélèvement de peau (biopsie, exérèse, pièces opératoires) ont été colligés de 2002 à 2013 à partir des données des registres dudit laboratoire. Résultats: Au cours de la période d'étude, 1119 (7,6 %) des 14720 prélèvements reçus au LAP étaient des prélèvements de peau, ce qui correspond à une fréquence annuelle de 111,9 prélèvements. L'âge moyen des patients dont les prélèvements de peau appartenaient était de 35,4 ans et le sex-ratio (H/F) de 1,39. Au plan histologique, les lésions cutanées étaient reparties en dermatoses non tumorales (390 cas, 34,8%), dermatoses tumorales et pseudo tumorales (607 cas, 54,2%) et des dermatoses de diagnostic incertain (122 cas, 10,9%). La lèpre (95 cas, 8,5%) et le carcinome épidermoïde (134 cas, 11,9%) étaient les types histologiques les plus fréquents. Conclusion: Les dermatoses tumorales et pseudo tumorales font plus l'objet de demande d'examen anatomopathologique au Togo, ce qui s'explique par la hantise de tumeurs malignes devant toute dermatose tumorale. L'amélioration du plateau technique du LAP (immunohistochimie, immunofluorescence directe) permettra d'accroitre ses capacités diagnostiques.Keywords: Pathologie cutanée, histopathologie, Tog

Mapping data elements to terminological resources for integrating biomedical data sources

BACKGROUND: Data integration is a crucial task in the biomedical domain and integrating data sources is one approach to integrating data. Data elements (DEs) in particular play an important role in data integration. We combine schema- and instance-based approaches to mapping DEs to terminological resources in order to facilitate data sources integration. METHODS: We extracted DEs from eleven disparate biomedical sources. We compared these DEs to concepts and/or terms in biomedical controlled vocabularies and to reference DEs. We also exploited DE values to disambiguate underspecified DEs and to identify additional mappings. RESULTS: 82.5% of the 474 DEs studied are mapped to entries of a terminological resource and 74.7% of the whole set can be associated with reference DEs. Only 6.6% of the DEs had values that could be semantically typed. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the integration of biomedical sources can be achieved automatically with limited precision and largely facilitated by mapping DEs to terminological resources

Obesity Impact on the Attentional Cost for Controlling Posture

International audienceBACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of obesity on attentional resources allocated to postural control in seating and unipedal standing. METHODS: Ten non obese adults (BMI = 22.4±1.3, age = 42.4±15.1) and 10 obese adult patients (BMI = 35.2±2.8, age = 46.2±19.6) maintained postural stability on a force platform in two postural tasks (seated and unipedal). The two postural tasks were performed (1) alone and (2) in a dual-task paradigm in combination with an auditory reaction time task (RT). Performing the RT task together with the postural one was supposed to require some attentional resources that allowed estimating the attentional cost of postural control. 4 trials were performed in each condition for a total of 16 trials. FINDINGS: (1) Whereas seated non obese and obese patients exhibited similar centre of foot pressure oscillations (CoP), in the unipedal stance only obese patients strongly increased their CoP sway in comparison to controls. (2) Whatever the postural task, the additional RT task did not affect postural stability. (3) Seated, RT did not differ between the two groups. (4) RT strongly increased between the two postural conditions in the obese patients only, suggesting that body schema and the use of internal models was altered with obesity. INTERPRETATION: Obese patients needed more attentional resources to control postural stability during unipedal stance than non obese participants. This was not the case in a more simple posture such as seating. To reduce the risk of fall as indicated by the critical values of CoP displacement, obese patients must dedicate a strong large part of their attentional resources to postural control, to the detriment of non-postural events. Obese patients were not able to easily perform multitasking as healthy adults do, reflecting weakened psycho-motor abilities

The amplifier effect: how Pin1 empowers mutant p53

Mutation of p53 occurs in 15 to 20% of all breast cancers, and with higher frequency in estrogen-receptor negative and high-grade tumors. Certain p53 mutations contribute to malignant transformation not only through loss of wild-type p53 but also through a gain of function of specific p53 mutations. How these hotspot mutations turn p53 from a tumor suppressor into an oncogene had until now remained incompletely understood. In an elegant paper published in the July 12 issue of Cancer Cell, Girardini and colleagues show how Pin1-mediated prolylisomerization, a regulatory mechanism intended by evolution to support p53's function as a guardian of the genome, can go haywire and accelerate malignant transformation when p53 carries a dominant-negative mutation

Safety and Clinical Outcome of Thrombolysis in Ischaemic Stroke Using a Perfusion CT Mismatch between 3 and 6 Hours

It may be possible to thrombolyse ischaemic stroke (IS) patients up to 6 h by using penumbral imaging. We investigated whether a perfusion CT (CTP) mismatch can help to select patients for thrombolysis up to 6 h.A cohort of 254 thrombolysed IS patients was studied. 174 (69%) were thrombolysed at 0-3 h by using non-contrast CT (NCCT), and 80 (31%) at 3-6 h (35 at 3-4.5 h and 45 at 4.5-6 h) by using CTP mismatch criteria. Symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH), the mortality and the modified Rankin Score (mRS) were assessed at 3 months. Independent determinants of outcome in patients thrombolysed between 3 and 6 h were identified.The baseline characteristics were comparable in the two groups. There were no differences in SICH (3% v 4%, p = 0.71), any ICH (7% v 9%, p = 0.61), or mortality (16% v 9%, p = 0.15) or mRS 0-2 at 3 months (55% v 54%, p = 0.96) between patients thrombolysed at 0-3 h (NCCT only) or at 3-6 h (CTP mismatch). There were no significant differences in outcome between patients thrombolysed at 3-4.5 h or 4.5-6 h. The NIHSS score was the only independent determinant of a mRS of 0-2 at 3 months (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.97, p = 0.007) in patients treated using CTP mismatch criteria beyond 3 h.The use of a CTP mismatch model may help to guide thrombolysis decisions up to 6 h after IS onset

The development of computational biology in South Africa: successes achieved and lessons learnt

Bioinformatics is now a critical skill in many research and commercial environments as biological data are increasing in both size and complexity. South African researchers recognized this need in the mid-1990s and responded by working with the government as well as international bodies to develop initiatives to build bioinformatics capacity in the country. Significant injections of support from these bodies provided a springboard for the establishment of computational biology units at multiple universities throughout the country, which took on teaching, basic research and support roles. Several challenges were encountered, for example with unreliability of funding, lack of skills, and lack of infrastructure. However, the bioinformatics community worked together to overcome these, and South Africa is now arguably the leading country in bioinformatics on the African continent. Here we discuss how the discipline developed in the country, highlighting the challenges, successes, and lessons learnt

Pengaruh Brand Trust dan Brand Equity terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen pada Produk Kosmetik Wardah (Survey Konsumen pada PT. Paragon Technology And Innovation Cabang Pekanbaru)

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of brand trust ( X1 ) and brand equity ( X2 ) customer loyalty ( Y ) in cosmetic products Wardah ( consumer survey on PT . Paragon technology and innovation branches pekanbaru ) . The method in this research is quantitatively using SPSS 21 program , where samples were used that consumers using cosmetic products Wardah by respondents as many as 100 people sampling technique is accidental sampling using the formula slovin . The results showed that the test results simultaneously obtained from the F count was 34.888 while the value of F table 3.090 . This means that F count> F table and significant value 0,000 < alpha of 0.05 . This means that brand trust and brand equity simultaneously significant effect on consumer loyalty to cosmetic products Wardah