Investigation of the Application of a New Method of Extraction Intensification of Pectin Substances From a Beet Pulp

The aim of research is studying a new method for intensifying extraction of pectin substances during acid extraction of pectin-containing raw materials. The description of the experimental setup and the procedure for processing the results of the investigation of the application of a new method for intensifying the beet pulp extraction are described. The results of experimental studies on the application of a new combined mixing element for intensifying the extraction of pectin-containing raw materials (beet pulp) and its effect on quantitative and qualitative output characteristics are presented. Mathematical models are constructed on the basis of regression equations of the full factorial experiment with the use of a new method of intensifying the extraction process to select input technological parameters for the extraction of pectin substances from pectin-containing raw materials. The rational operating parameters of the process of extraction of pectin substances with the use of a new combinable stirring element are determined. Such working parameters are: the process duration is 1 ... 1.1, the temperature of the working medium is 60 ... 70 ºС, and the hydromodule is 8 ... 10. The research results can be used to study other technological parameters of the extraction process of pectin substances, as well as to develop a technological line for the production of pectin products

Tuning Pt characteristics on Pt/C catalyst for aqueous-phase reforming of biomass-derived oxygenates to bio-H-2

Pt/C catalysts with varied Pt sizes and distributions were investigated for aqueous-phase reforming (APR) of ethylene glycol (EG) to H2. APR experiments were performed on a continuous-flow fixed bed reactor with a catalyst loading of 1 g and EG feeding of 120 mL h−1 at 225 °C and 35 bar for 7 h. The fresh and used Pt/C catalysts were characterized by XRF, BET, CO chemisorption, TEM, XTEM, and XPS. Catalyst preparation protocols changed Pt characteristics on Pt/C catalysts, leading to a distinguishable H2 production. The rates for EG conversion and H2 production increased linearly with mean Pt size (3–11 nm), while having a volcano relationship with the mean size of agglomerated Pt particles (17–30 nm). Pt with concentrated Pt particles on surface of Pt/C catalysts was more preferable for APR of EG than the homogeneously distributed in catalysts. Optimal performance was obtained over a Pt/C-PR catalyst, which was prepared by precipitation method, showing a superb turnover frequency of 248 molH2 molPt−1 min−1 for H2 production from EG in APR. Besides, Pt/C catalysts also showed excellent stability. These results have shown the promise of Pt/C catalyst for APR of EG, which can be extended for bio-H2 production via APR of biomass-derived oxygenates in waste streams

Experimental Stand for Investigations of Insulator Degradation and Electrode Erosion in High-current Breaker

An experimental stand for studies of electric arc, electrode erosion and insulator degradation processes in high-current circuit breakers and some preliminary experimental data is described. The setup includes a discharge chamber, a capacitive energy storage with capacitance of 0.11 F, voltage up to 10 kV, and all necessary diagnostic techniques. The stand is designed for modeling current pulse with amplitude of 3–150 kA and duration of the first half period of 1.0–3.0  ms during the process of disconnecting the ring and the pin contacts. The arc is cooled by transverse gas blowing at pressure in the chamber of 0.5–3 MPa. Acquired experimental data can be used for verification of the modelling results of the heat transfer processes in the discharge chamber. At the stand, advanced composite materials based on carbon and iron-copper pseudoalloy are studied

Construction of Polymeric Antigenic Diagnosticum Based on <i>Vibrio cholera</i> О1 Lipopolysaccharide

Representatives of the genus Vibrio cholerae differ in the structure of lipopolysaccharide, in particular, its O-polysaccharide chains (O-antigen), which determines the serological specificity of vibrios. Currently, the water-phenolic method is used to obtain the lipopolysaccharide preparation. However, this technique relates to harsh chemical methods, leads to a change in original molecular organization of biopolymer, violating its structure and biological properties. Modern technologies in the development of diagnostic kits for the immunosuspension reaction of volume agglomeration allow for obtaining synthetic carriers with different reaction groups on the particle surface capable to bind antigens/antibodies. The aim of this study was to construct cholera antigenic polymeric diagnostic kit based on the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 serogroup. Materials and methods. The lipopolysaccharide was used as a sensitizer obtained through the author's modification of enzymatic purification from the cell membranes of Vibrio cholerae using ultrasonic disintegration. Results and discussion. The resulting sensitin contains small impurities of protein (1.5 %) and nucleic acids (0.1 %). Diagnosticum is characterized by high analytical sensitivity in agglomeration reaction with commercial and experimental rabbit serum to Vibrio cholerae O1 serogroup (1:640 - 1:5120) and analytical specificity (the diagnosticum does not interact with heterologous sera, with serums to pathogens of acute intestinal infections, as well as with sera from healthy donors). A polymeric antigenic cholera diagnosticum designed to detect antibodies to lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae in the blood serum of patients who were ill, suspected of the disease or vaccinated people has been constructed

РАЗВИТИЕ СИСТЕМЫ КОНТРОЛЯ ЗА ХОДОМ СТРОИТЕЛЬНО-МОНТАЖНЫХ РАБОТ НА ОСНОВЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРОГРАММНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ Primavera P6 Professional R8.3.2 И ArchiCAD 17.0.0

The paper considers application and development of information technologies while carrying out project management in construction. Organizational and technological support of works throughout its life cycle exerts an influence on quality and efficiency of successful implementation of the construction project. In order to achieve the project goal it is necessary perfectly to organize and plan works, distribute roles and responsibilities of the project participants, regulate composition and content of the project documentation. While analyzing technical and economic indices of construction organization activity and management systems operating in these organizations, conclusion has been made that market experience in functioning of operational management systems has not been adequately applied in practice of domestic construction organizations. Thus, introduction of integrated management systems for quality, costs, time parameters pertaining to project construction, their resource support will contribute to improvement of economic situation of construction organizations. The solution consists in application of up-to-date information technologies, maximum implementation of computer systems and programs in the sphere of production, creation of application software. It has been shown that it is necessary to develop a software model that provides a possibility comprehensively to apply information technology tools for monitoring progress of construction and installation works, systematization of information technology application that allow to control key parameters of construction and installation works, improvement of system for providing actual information in project implementation process. An example of complex application of software products Primavera P6 Professional R8.3.2 and ArchiCAD 17.0.0 is given in the paper.Рассмотрены вопросы применения и развития информационных технологий при управлении проектами в строительстве. На качество и эффективность успешной реализации строительного проекта оказывает влияние организационное и технологическое обеспечение работ на протяжении всего его жизненного цикла. Для достижения цели проекта необходимо четко организовать и спланировать работы, распределить роли и ответственность участников проекта, регламентировать состав и содержание проектной документации. При анализе технико-экономических показателей деятельности строительных организаций, а также систем управления, действующих в этих организациях, сделан вывод, что рыночный опыт функционирования систем оперативного управления не нашел достаточного применения в практике отечественных строительных организаций. Таким образом, внедрение в практику интегрированных систем управления качеством, издержками, временными параметрами строительства объектов, их ресурсным обеспечением будет способствовать улучшению экономического положения строительных организаций. Решение видится в применении новейших информационных технологий, максимальном внедрении компьютерных систем и программ в сферу производства, создании прикладных программных продуктов. Показана необходимость в разработке модели программного обеспечения, предоставляющего возможность комплексного применения инструментов информационных технологий в целях осуществления контроля над ходом строительно-монтажных работ, в систематизировании применения информационных технологий, позволяющих контролировать основные параметры строительно-монтажных работ, усовершенствовании системы обеспечения фактической информацией в процессе реализации проекта. Дан пример комплексного применени

Direct Observation of Single Amyloid-β(1-40) Oligomers on Live Cells: Binding and Growth at Physiological Concentrations

Understanding how amyloid-β peptide interacts with living cells on a molecular level is critical to development of targeted treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Evidence that oligomeric Aβ interacts with neuronal cell membranes has been provided, but the mechanism by which membrane binding occurs and the exact stoichiometry of the neurotoxic aggregates remain elusive. Physiologically relevant experimentation is hindered by the high Aβ concentrations required for most biochemical analyses, the metastable nature of Aβ aggregates, and the complex variety of Aβ species present under physiological conditions. Here we use single molecule microscopy to overcome these challenges, presenting direct optical evidence that small Aβ(1-40) oligomers bind to living neuroblastoma cells at physiological Aβ concentrations. Single particle fluorescence intensity measurements indicate that cell-bound Aβ species range in size from monomers to hexamers and greater, with the majority of bound oligomers falling in the dimer-to-tetramer range. Furthermore, while low-molecular weight oligomeric species do form in solution, the membrane-bound oligomer size distribution is shifted towards larger aggregates, indicating either that bound Aβ oligomers can rapidly increase in size or that these oligomers cluster at specific sites on the membrane. Calcium indicator studies demonstrate that small oligomer binding at physiological concentrations induces only mild, sporadic calcium leakage. These findings support the hypothesis that small oligomers are the primary Aβ species that interact with neurons at physiological concentrations

Evaluation of Biological Properties of New Selective Differential Medium for Cholera Vibrios Isolation Based on the Results of Laboratоry Trials

Previously developed selective differential medium for V. cholerae growth was modernized. The modernized medium called SDMV-M was shown to possess the required sensitivity and germination index. The growth of E. coli was entirely inhibited, that of P. vulgaris was inhibited considerably. The medium possessed good differentiating ability: orange V. cholerae colonies were clearly distinguished from concomitant microorganisms. In the laboratory trials SDMV-M demonstrated some advantages as regards V. cholerae isolation from contaminated faeces in comparison with the reference medium TCBS

Влияние молекулярной массы на адсорбцию и строение граничных слоев эпоксидных олигомеров на жидкой и твердой границах раздела фаз

The effect of molecular mass on adsorption of epoxy oligomers on water-toluene solution interfaces and a glass dispersed filler surface was investigated. Comparison of results (experimental and calculated on the basis of the theoretical adsorption model of) indicated that adsorption on the water-toluene interface was monomolecular. On the contrary, adsorption on the glass dispersed filler surface was polymolecular.Изучено влияние молекулярной массы (ММ) на адсорбцию эпоксидных олигомеров (ЭО) на границе раздела раствор эпоксидного олигомера в толуоле-вода и на поверхности дисперсного наполнителя (стекла). Проведено сравнение полученных экспериментальных результатов с расчетными параметрами адсорбционного слоя на основе теоретической модели адсорбции. Анализ полученных результатов свидетельствует о том, что адсорбция на поверхности раздела раствор эпоксидного олигомера в толуоле - вода является мономолекулярной, а коэффициент заполнения поверхности меньше, чем при наиболее плотной упаковке, также как и для предельно насыщенного адсорбционнго слоя на поверхности стекла. При этом адсорбция на границе раздела со стеклом была полимолекулярной и с ростом ММ уменьшалась с 6 до 2 монослоев

Внедрение цифрового управления проектами строительства и эксплуатации энергоэффективных жилых домов

The paper considers an issue of transition to digital management technologies in the field of construction and housing and communal services in Russia, as well as in other countries. An optimization methodology for the application of  the digital  economy  has been developed using  the example of  the existing  real  estate  management  system in the  Stolichny Microdistrict of Izhevsk city (Udmurt Republic, Russian Federation). The existing and developed new projects of digital technologies are described, the introduction of which will increase the efficiency of the construction and operation of residential buildings. A methodology has been formed for creating an optimization mathematical model for managing construction and operation projects of energy-efficient residential buildings. Prerequisites and a scheme for the joint implementation of this model and digital technologies are given to improve the quality of construction and operation of residential buildings. The paper proposes a phased methodology for the introduction of digital technologies in urban planning, as well as in the field of housing and communal services within the framework of the national program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. The advantages of using block-chain technology in the management of projects for the construction and operation of energy-efficient residential buildings have been studied in the paper. The application of the developed methods that meet the needs of participants in construction activities, as well as the housing and utilities sector, will improve the efficiency of not only the management system for the construction and operation of energy-efficient residential buildings, but also the overall effectiveness of the introduction of digital management in real estate. The proposed ABRIS software can be used in housing and communal services to optimize and track the expenditure of resources vital for a comfortable living of the population.Рассмотрен вопрос о переходе на цифровые технологии управления в сфере строительства и жилищно-коммунального хозяйства в России, а также в других странах. Разработана оптимизационная методика применения цифровой экономики на примере существующей системы управления недвижимостью – в микрорайоне «Столичный» города Ижевска (Удмуртская Республика, Российская Федерация). Описаны существующие и разработаны новые проекты цифровых технологий, внедрение которых повысит эффективность реализации строительства и эксплуатации жилых домов. Сформирована методика создания оптимизационной математической модели управления проектами строительства и эксплуатации энергоэффективных жилых домов. Даны предпосылки и схема совместного внедрения данной модели и цифровых технологий для улучшения качества строительства и эксплуатации жилых домов. В рамках национальной программы «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации» предложена поэтапная методика внедрения цифровых технологий в градостроительную деятельность, а также в сферу жилищно-коммунального хозяйства. Рассмотрены преимущества использования технологии блокчейн в управлении проектами строительства и эксплуатации энергоэффективных жилых домов. Применение разработанных методик, удовлетворяющих запросам участников строительной деятельности и сферы жилищно-коммунального хозяйства, позволит повысить эффективность не только системы управления строительством и эксплуатацией энергоэффективных жилых домов, но и общую эффективность внедрения цифрового управления в сферу недвижимости. Предложенное программное обеспечение «АБРИС» может использоваться в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве для оптимизации и отслеживания расхода ресурсов, жизненно необходимых для комфортного проживания населения