3,896 research outputs found
Extreme laser pulses for possible development of boron fusion power reactors for clean and lasting energy
Extreme laser pulses driving non-equilibrium processes in high density
plasmas permit an increase of the fusion of hydrogen with the boron isotope 11
by nine orders of magnitude of the energy gains above the classical values.
This is the result of initiating the reaction by non-thermal ultrahigh
acceleration of plasma blocks by the nonlinear (ponderomotive) force of the
laser field, in addition to the avalanche reaction that has now been
experimentally and theoretically manifested. The design of a very compact
fusion power reactor is scheduled to produce then environmentally fully clean
and inexhaustible generation of energy at profitably low costs. The reaction
within a volume of cubic millimetres during a nanosecond can only be used for
controlled power generation.Comment: 10 pages, 5 fugure
Three-dimensional metamaterials with an ultra-high effective refractive index over broad bandwidth
The authors introduce a general mechanism, based on electrostatic and
magnetostatic considerations, for designing three-dimensional isotopic
metamaterials that possess an enhanced refractive index over an extremely large
frequency range. The mechanism allows nearly independent control of effective
electric permittivity and magnetic permeability without the use of resonant
elements
The N-Vortex Problem on a Symmetric Ellipsoid: A Perturbation Approach
We consider the N-vortex problem on a ellipsoid of revolution. Applying
standard techniques of classical perturbation theory we construct a sequence of
conformal transformations from the ellipsoid into the complex plane. Using
these transformations the equations of motion for the N-vortex problem on the
ellipsoid are written as a formal series on the eccentricity of the ellipsoid's
generating ellipse. First order equations are obtained explicitly. We show
numerically that the truncated first order system for the three-vortices system
on the symmetric ellipsoid is non-integrable.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur
Equatorial ozone characteristics as measured at Natal (5.9 deg S, 35.2 deg W)
Ozone density profiles obtained through electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) sonde measurements at Natal were analyzed. Time variations, as expected, are small. Outstanding features of the data are tropospheric densities substantially higher than those measured at other stations, and also a total ozone content that is higher than the averages given by satellite measurements
Photon Conserving Radiative Transfer around Point Sources in multi-dimensional Numerical Cosmology
Many questions in physical cosmology regarding the thermal and ionization
history of the intergalactic medium are now successfully studied with the help
of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Here we present a numerical method
that solves the radiative transfer around point sources within a three
dimensional cartesian grid. The method is energy conserving independently of
resolution: this ensures the correct propagation speeds of ionization fronts.
We describe the details of the algorithm, and compute as first numerical
application the ionized region surrounding a mini-quasar in a cosmological
density field at z=7.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ
Super-resolution provided by the arbitrarily strong superlinearity of the blackbody radiation
Blackbody radiation is a fundamental phenomenon in nature, and its explanation by Planck marks a cornerstone in the history of Physics. In this theoretical work, we show that the spectral radiance given by Planck's law is strongly superlinear with temperature, with an arbitrarily large local exponent for decreasing wavelengths. From that scaling analysis, we propose a new concept of super-resolved detection and imaging: if a focused beam of energy is scanned over an object that absorbs and linearly converts that energy into heat, a highly nonlinear thermal radiation response is generated, and its point spread function can be made arbitrarily smaller than the excitation beam focus. Based on a few practical scenarios, we propose to extend the notion of super-resolution beyond its current niche in microscopy to various kinds of excitation beams, a wide range of spatial scales, and a broader diversity of target objects
Generalized vortex-model for the inverse cascade of two-dimensional turbulence
We generalize Kirchhoff's point vortex model of two-dimensional fluid motion
to a rotor model which exhibits an inverse cascade by the formation of rotor
clusters. A rotor is composed of two vortices with like-signed circulations
glued together by an overdamped spring. The model is motivated by a treatment
of the vorticity equation representing the vorticity field as a superposition
of vortices with elliptic Gaussian shapes of variable widths, augmented by a
suitable forcing mechanism. The rotor model opens up the way to discuss the
energy transport in the inverse cascade on the basis of dynamical systems
theory.Comment: 14 pages, 21 figure
Theory of resistor networks: The two-point resistance
The resistance between arbitrary two nodes in a resistor network is obtained
in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplacian matrix
associated with the network. Explicit formulas for two-point resistances are
deduced for regular lattices in one, two, and three dimensions under various
boundary conditions including that of a Moebius strip and a Klein bottle. The
emphasis is on lattices of finite sizes. We also deduce summation and product
identities which can be used to analyze large-size expansions of two-and-higher
dimensional lattices.Comment: 30 pages, 5 figures now included; typos in Example 1 correcte
Descriptive Data in the EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy
This paper describes the integration of structured descriptive data
in the EDIT platform for Cybertaxonomy. The platform is composed of several
software modules supporting the taxonomic workflow from data capture
and storage to publication. Descriptive data play an important role within
the taxonomic work process. The integration of these data via import/export
modules to and from the platform and the publication as natural language
output or as keys are explained
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