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Do It, Don’t Feel It, and Be Invincible: A Prolog of Exercise Addiction in Endurance Sports

The social relevance of endurance sports has increased people’s motivation to engage in these particular physical activities, associating their practice with a particular lifestyle (e.g., feeling victorious and a feeling of self-improvement). Therefore, the dark personality traits (not because they are negative but because they are more hidden), understood as a personal and adaptive response to the psychosocial relationships that athletes establish while practicing these sports. Following these arguments, Grit has been used to trace the response of athletes in their quest to improve performance and endurance in the face of common setbacks suffered as a result of long hours of training. Empirical studies should help to discover how these personality traits can pose real challenges to their adaptation, and what the impact of their psychological response may be in a functional or dysfunctional way [e.g., exercise addiction (EA)], in order to classify them as risk or protective factors. Through transversal design, the present study sought to explore the relationship between Grit and Dark Traits of Personality regarding the appearance of EA in a sample (N = 241) of amateur endurance sport athletes (Mage = 31.80; SD = 9.87). The results show that men not only score higher for addiction levels but also for narcissism (grandiosity feelings) and psychopathy (coldness) factors. If signs of narcissism and Machiavellianism increase, perseverance efforts grow too, and the likelihood of EA increases considerably. The conclusions drawn on the basis of the results allow us to place consistency of interest as a protective factor for the EA, whereas Dark Traits of personality – especially Machiavellianism – constitute a risk factor

Synthesis of Bis-(2,6-dinitroaryl)palladium(II) and Mono-(2,6- dinitroaryl)platinum(II) Complexes. A New Example of the Transphobia Effect and of Transmetallation from Pt to Hg

©2008. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Accepted version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in American Chemical Society. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/om701077yThe reaction of [Pd(k2-Ar)(O,O-acac)] (k2-Ar = k2-C,O-C6(NO2)2-2,6-(OMe); 1) with one equiv of RNC gives [Pd(k2-Ar)(O,O-acac)(CNR)] [R = Xy (2a), tBu (2b)] and with four equiv of XyNC, trans-[Pd(k1-Ar)2(CNXy)2] (k1-Ar = k1-C,O-C6(NO2)2-2,6-(OMe); 3). These complexes has also been obtained (1) by reacting Tl(acac) with one equiv of trans-[Pd(k1Ar)Cl(CNXy)2] (4), obtained in turn by reacting trans-(NMe4)2[Pd(k1-Ar)Cl(µ-Cl)]2 (5) with four equiv of XyNC or (2) by reacting [Pd(k1-Ar)(C-acac)(phen)] (6) with four equiv of XyNC. cis-[Pt(k2-Ar)(k1-Ar)(PPh3)] (7) reacts (1) with Hg(OAc)2 (1:1) to afford a mixture of [Hg(Ar)(OAc)], cis-[{Pt(k1-Ar)(PPh3)}2(µ-OH)(µ-OAc)] (8) and trans-[{Pt(k1-Ar)(PPh3)}2(µOH)2] (9) or (2) with HgCl2 (1:1) to give trans-[{Pt(k1-Ar)(PPh3)}2(µ-Cl)2] (10), which reacts with excess of Ag(OAc) to give 8. The reaction of 10 with excess of KOH, or with Tl(acac) (1:1) gives 9. Reaction of palladium complex 5 with two equiv of Hg(OAc)2 affords trans[Pd(k2-Ar)(µ-OAc)]2 (11). The crystal structures of 2a, 2b, 3, 5, 8, 9, and 11 have been determined

Un modelo tutorial universitario.

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Short Wave Ultraviolet Light (UV-C) Effectiveness in the Inactivation of Bacterial Spores Inoculated in Turbid Suspensions and in Cloudy Apple Juice

Liquid foods might present interferences in their optical properties that can reduce the effectiveness of short-wave ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) treatments used for sterilization purposes. The effect of turbidity as UV-C interference factor against the inactivation of bacterial spores was analysed by using phosphate-buffered saline solutions (PBS) of different turbidity values (2000, 2500, and 3000 NTU) which were adjusted with the addition of apple fibre. These suspensions were inoculated with spores of Bacillus subtilis and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. While higher UV-C doses increased the inactivation rates of spores, these were reduced when turbidity values increased; a dose of 28.7 J/mL allowed inactivation rates of B. subtilis spores of 3.96 Log in a 2000-NTU suspension compared with 2.81 Log achieved in the 3000-NTU one. Spores of B. subtilis were more UV-C-resistant than A. acidoterrestris. Cloudy apple juice inoculated with A. acidoterrestris spores was processed by UV-C at different doses in a single pass and with recirculation of the matrix through the reactor. Inactivation increased significantly with recirculation, surpassing 5 Log after 125 J/mL compared with 0.13 Log inactivation after a single-pass treatment at the same UV-C dose. UV-C treatments with recirculation affected the optical properties (absorption coefficient at 254 nm and turbidity) of juice and increased browning as UV-C doses became higher

Oh, My God! My Season Is Over! COVID-19 and Regulation of the Psychological Response in Spanish High-Performance Athletes

The datasets presented in this article are not readily available because the data taken and recorded for this study are kept under the strictest care of the confidentiality of our institution and collaborating institutions. If you wish to review or use them, the authors must be expressly requested, under specific arguments, to obtain the relevant approvals. Requests to access the datasets should be directed to [email protected] studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by University of Granada. ID: 1494/2020. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.Background: In an unprecedented situation of interruption of the sporting dynamics, the world of sport is going through a series of adaptations necessary to continue functioning despite coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). More than ever, athletes are facing a different challenge, a source of discomfort and uncertainty, and one that absolutely alters not only sports calendars, but also trajectories, progressions, and approaches to sports life. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the levels of psychological vulnerability that may have been generated in the athletes, because of the coexistence with dysfunctional responses during the COVID-19 experience, and which directly influence the decrease of their mental health. Methods: With a descriptive and transversal design, the study aims to identify the state of the dysfunctional psychological response of a sample of Spanish athletes (N = 284). The DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale), Toronto-20 (alexithymia), and Distress Tolerance Scale questionnaires were administered to a sample of high-level Spanish athletes in Olympic programs. Results: The results suggest that the analyzed athletes indicate high levels of dysfunctional response (e.g., anxiety, stress, depression, and alexithymia) when their tolerance is low. In addition, the variables show less relational strength, when the capacity of tolerance to distress is worse and age is lower. At the same time, the greater the anxiety and uncertainty are, leading to more catastrophic and negative thoughts, the younger the athletes are. Conclusions: It is clear that both age and tolerance to distress are considered adequate protective factors for psychological vulnerability in general and for associated dysfunctional responses in particular. Moreover, the psychological resources offered by more experienced athletes are also a guarantee of protection against negativity and catastrophism

El principio de comprensibilidad dentro del aula y su relación con el rendimiento académico de los alumnos de cuarto, quinto y sexto grado del Centro Escolar José Antonio Martínez, municipio de Santa Ana, en el 2018

El principio de comprensibilidad, más allá de plantear que debe organizarse dentro de la planificación didáctica, es un eje motor del desarrollo de los aprendizajes, con objetivos preestablecidos. Por lo tanto, para que el aprendizaje ocurra debe llevarse la planificación ordenada de cada clase, el proceso de aprendizaje va inmerso en el principio de comprensibilidad. Se desarrolla en el transcurso de siete capítulos, dentro de los cuales se destaca la naturaleza de la investigación y la especificación del objeto de estudio donde se encontrará el preámbulo hacia las categorías y subcategorías en las que está dividido

Deterioro del hormigón sometido a ciclos hielo-deshielo en presencia de cloruros

El deterioro del hormigón por ciclos hielo/deshielo en presencia de sales fundentes es causa frecuente de problemas en los puentes e infraestructuras en los países europeos. La resistencia del hormigón frente a este ataque se evalúa con la norma UNE-CENT/TS 12390-9. Esta norma emplea una solución de 3% de NaCl como medio de congelación. El deterioro se mide por la pérdida de masa superficial tras 28 ciclos hielo/deshielo. Este procedimiento de medida tiene algunos inconvenientes de orden práctico. Este artículo propone evaluar el déte rioro mediante el increm ento de deformación, con galgas extensométricas y mediante la modificación de la velocidad de pulsos ultrasónicos. El trabajo presenta los resultados correspondientes al ensayo de dos hormigones, uno con buen comportamiento frente al ensayo y el otro no. En ambos casos se constata experimentalmente la viabilidad y ventajas de las formas de medida propuestas. Los procedimientos propuestos captan el deterioro antes, permiten la medida en continuo y evitan tener que parar el ensayo para realizar las medida

Oncogenic Ras, but not V600EB-RAF, protects from cholesterol depletion-induced apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway in colorectal cancer cells

Cholesterol is necessary for proliferation and survival of transformed cells. Here we analyse the effect of cholesterol depletion on apoptosis and the mechanisms underlying this effect in colorectal cancer cells carrying oncogenic Ras or B-V600E-RAF mutations. We show that chronic cholesterol depletion achieved with lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) treatment results in a significant increase in apoptosis in HT-29 and Colo-205 cells containing the B-V600E-RAF mutation, but not in HCT-116 and LoVo cells harbouring the (G13D)Ras mutation, or BE cells, which possess two mutations, (G13D)Ras and B-G463V-RAF. We also demonstrate that oncogenic Ras protects from apoptosis induced by cholesterol depletion through constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. The specific activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway by overexpression of the (V12)RasC40 mutant or a constitutively active AKT decreases the LPDS plus 25-HC-induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells, whereas PI3K inhibition or abrogation of AKT expression renders HCT-116 sensitive to cholesterol depletion-induced apoptosis. Moreover, our data show that LPDS plus 25-HC increases the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase proteins only in HT-29 cells and that the inhibition of this kinase blocks the apoptosis induced by LPDS plus 25-HC. Finally, we demonstrate that AKT hyperactivation by oncogenic Ras protects from apoptosis, preventing the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase by cholesterol depletion. Thus, our data demonstrate that low levels of cholesterol induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells without oncogenic Ras mutations. These results reveal a novel molecular characteristic of colon tumours containing Ras or B-RAF mutations and should help in defining new targets for cancer therapy

Evaluation of Continuous UVC Treatments and its Combination with UHPH on Spores of Bacillus subtilis in Whole and Skim Milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different UVC treatments, alone or in combination with ultra-high pressure homogenization (UHPH) on Bacillus subtilis spores in milk. Spores of B. subtilis (CECT4002) were inoculated in whole and skim milk to an initial concentration about 6 log CFU/mL. Milk was subjected to different ultraviolet radiation treatments at 254 nm (UVC) using a concentric tubular reactor in a dose ranging from 10 to 160 J/mL. Different number of passes were used to adjust the final dose received by the matrix. In general, increasing the number of passes (defined as number of entries to the tunnel-NET) increased the inactivation of spores of B. subtilis. The best lethality results (above 4 Log CFU/mL) were obtained by applying doses from 100 J/mL with several NET. When the same doses were achieved with a single pass lethality in most cases did not exceed 1 log CFU/mL. Increasing the NET also increased the likelihood for the spores to remain longer in the effective distance from the UVC source, estimated as 0.02 mm for whole milk and 0.06 mm for skim milk. Combination of UHPH and UVC did not clearly increase the efficiency of a single UVC treatment, and a lower lethality was even observed in some cases. UHPH treatments increased the turbidity and absorption coefficient (254 nm) of both whole and skim milk