Türkiye'nin Modern Para Talebi Fonksiyonu: Gelir Bileşenleri, Ekonomik ve Parasal Belirsizlik Modern Money Demand Function of Turkey: Income Components, Economic and Monetary Uncernainty

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de reel gelirin bileşenleri ile ekonomik ve parasal belirsizliklerin para talebi üzerindeki kısa ve uzun dönem etkilerin tespiti amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye ekonomisinin 1998:Q1-2015:Q2 dönemi için para talebi fonksiyonu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu çalışma para talebi fonksiyonunda gelirin bileşenlerine, ekonomik ve parasal belirsizliğe yer vermesi açısından diğer çalışmalardan ayrılmaktadır. Para talebinin uzun dönem belirleyicileriARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı ile kısa dönemli dinamikleri ise Hata Düzeltme Modeli (ECM) ile tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ampirik sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye’de para talebinin en önemli belirleyicisi Devletin ve Hanehalkı gelirleri toplamı olan nihai tüketim harcamaları olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, mal ve hizmet ihracatına yapılan harcamalarında etkisi görülmüştür.Çalışmanın önemli sonuçlarından biri ise, Türkiye’de uzun dönemde ekonomik belirsizliğin para talebi üzerinde ciddi bir etkisinin olduğu parasal belirsizliğin ise etkisiz olduğu ancak kısa dönemde her iki belirsizliğinde para talebini etkilediği anlaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar altında, Türkiye’de reel gelir bileşenlerinin, ekonomik ve parasal belirsizliğinpara talebini etkilediği söylenebilmektedir. In this study, short and long run effects of real income components, economic and monetary uncertainties on the demand of money were aimed to detect. For this purpose, the function of money demand inTurkish economy between 1998:Q1 and 2015:Q2 is estimated. This study differs from other studies as it includes real income components, economic and monetarily uncertainties in the function. Short and long run determinants of money demand are estimated with Error Correction Model (ECM) Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound Test, respectively. According to the empirical results of the study, the supreme determinant of demand of money in Turkey is the final consumption expenditures, which is the sum of state and household incomes. In addition to this, expenditures on exports of goods and services present remarkable effects. One of the important results of the study is that in the long run, economic uncertainty has a significant effect on the money demand but monetary uncertainty does not. In the short run, however, it is clear that both uncertainties affect the money demand. These results suggest that reel income components, economic and monetary uncertainties do affect the demand for money in Turkey

Determination of Some Paddy Varieties Resistant to Iron Toxicity

The aim of this study is to determine some paddy varieties resistant to iron toxicity. Two different nutrient solutions were applied in the form of iron sulphate (FeSO4.7H2O) (Fe concentrations of I) 45 micro%253BM Fe (sufficient Fe), II) 3.50 mM Fe (toxic Fe) to paddy cultivars grown in sand media. Among the paddy cultivars grown at toxic iron level (3.50 mM Fe), the closest paddy cultivars in terms of investigated traits were identified as Hamzadere and Edirne cultivars, while the furthest cultivars were identified as Biga incisi and Ronaldo cultivars. Present findings revealed that Biga incisi and Edirne paddy cultivars were tolerant to toxic iron levels and Ronaldo paddy cultivar was the most susceptible to iron toxicity. Biga incisi and Edirne paddy cultivars formed a group and the best traits of these cultivars designating iron toxicity were identified as iron ratio transported to shoot, tolerance index to toxic iron level, shoot total iron content and leaf relative peroxidase activity. According to biplot analysis, Ronaldo paddy cultivar formed a different group and the best traits of this cultivar at toxic iron level were identified as iron ratio remained in roots and root cold-extractable Fe%252FZn ratio

Grouping Some Paddy Cultivars in Terms of Zinc Nutrition Capabilities and Identification of the Best Zinc Nutrition Traits of These Cultivars

The present study was conducted to group some paddy cultivars in terms of their zinc nutritional capabilities and to identify the best zinc nutrition traits of these cultivars. Present experiments were conducted with 5 different paddy cultivars (Oryza sativa L. cv Biga İncisi, Osmancık 97, Hamzadere, Ronaldo, Edirne). In the experiment, a complete nutrient solution containing 0 and 2.0 micro%253BM Zn in the form of zinc sulphate heptahydrate was applied to lime-free (0 %25 CaCO3) and lime-added (4 %25 CaCO3) quartz sand media. Experiments were conducted in 5times%253B2times%253B2 factorial design with 3 replications. At the end of the experiments, zinc nutrition traits of paddy cultivars were determined. Both in lime-free and lime-added sand media, Biga İncisi paddy cultivar was identified as tolerant to zinc deficiency. Ronaldo paddy cultivar was identified as the most sensitive cultivar to zinc deficiency. It was observed that in terms of investigated 15 zinc nutrition traits, 5 different paddy cultivars grown under zinc deficiency (Zn0) conditions were gathered under 2 main groups. Biga İncisi and Edirne cultivars constituted the first group%253B Osmancık-97 and Hamzadere cultivars constituted the second group. On the other hand, Ronaldo cultivar was found to be closer to the second group including Osmancık-97 and Hamzadere cultivars. The closest paddy cultivars grown under zinc deficiency conditions in terms of investigated traits were identified as Biga İncisi and Edirne cultivars%253B on the other hand, the furthest cultivars were identified as Biga İncisi and Osmancık-97 cultivars. For Osmancık-97 and Biga İncisi paddy cultivars, SPAD readings in lime-added sand media were identified as the best zinc nutrition traits. For Edirne cultivar, zinc ratio transported to shoot and shoot relative dry matter content in lime-added media were identified as the best zinc nutrition traits. For Hamzadere cultivar, relative chlorophyll content in lime-free media was identified as the best zinc nutrition

The probabilities of type I and II error of null of cointegration tests: A Monte Carlo comparison

This paper evaluates the performance of eight tests with null hypothesis of cointegration on basis of probabilities of type I and II errors using Monte Carlo simulations. This study uses a variety of 132 different data generations covering three cases of deterministic part and four sample sizes. The three cases of deterministic part considered are: absence of both intercept and linear time trend, presence of only the intercept and presence of both the intercept and linear time trend. It is found that all of tests have either larger or smaller probabilities of type I error and concluded that tests face either problems of over rejection or under rejection, when asymptotic critical values are used. It is also concluded that use of simulated critical values leads to controlled probability of type I error. So, the use of asymptotic critical values may be avoided, and the use of simulated critical values is highly recommended. It is found and concluded that the simple LM test based on KPSS statistic performs better than rest for all specifications of deterministic part and sample sizes.2-s2.0-851223101933498276

Towards the new Thematic Core Service Tsunami within the EPOS Research Infrastructure

Tsunamis constitute a significant hazard for European coastal populations, and the impact of tsunami events worldwide can extend well beyond the coastal regions directly affected. Understanding the complex mechanisms of tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation, as well as managing the tsunami risk, requires multidisciplinary research and infrastructures that cross national boundaries. Recent decades have seen both great advances in tsunami science and consolidation of the European tsunami research community. A recurring theme has been the need for a sustainable platform for coordinated tsunami community activities and a hub for tsunami services. Following about three years of preparation, in July 2021, the European tsunami community attained the status of Candidate Thematic Core Service (cTCS) within the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) Research Infrastructure. Within a transition period of three years, the Tsunami candidate TCS is anticipated to develop into a fully operational EPOS TCS. We here outline the path taken to reach this point, and the envisaged form of the future EPOS TCS Tsunami. Our cTCS is planned to be organised within four thematic pillars: (1) Support to Tsunami Service Providers, (2) Tsunami Data, (3) Numerical Models, and (4) Hazard and Risk Products. We outline how identified needs in tsunami science and tsunami risk mitigation will be addressed within this structure and how participation within EPOS will become an integration point for community development

Towards the new Thematic Core Service Tsunami within the EPOS Research Infrastructure

Tsunamis constitute a significant hazard for European coastal populations, and the impact of tsunami events worldwide can extend well beyond the coastal regions directly affected. Understanding the complex mechanisms of tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation, as well as managing the tsunami risk, requires multidisciplinary research and infrastructures that cross national boundaries. Recent decades have seen both great advances in tsunami science and consolidation of the European tsunami research community. A recurring theme has been the need for a sustainable platform for coordinated tsunami community activities and a hub for tsunami services. Following about three years of preparation, in July 2021, the European tsunami community attained the status of Candidate Thematic Core Service (cTCS) within the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) Research Infrastructure. Within a transition period of three years, the Tsunami candidate TCS is anticipated to develop into a fully operational EPOS TCS. We here outline the path taken to reach this point, and the envisaged form of the future EPOS TCS Tsunami. Our cTCS is planned to be organised within four thematic pillars: (1) Support to Tsunami Service Providers, (2) Tsunami Data, (3) Numerical Models, and (4) Hazard and Risk Products. We outline how identified needs in tsunami science and tsunami risk mitigation will be addressed within this structure and how participation within EPOS will become an integration point for community development.publishedVersio

Towards the new Thematic Core Service Tsunami within the EPOS Research Infrastructure

publishedVersio