Quantifying slope-channel coupling in an active gully and fan complex at Tarndale, Waipaoa catchment, New Zealand

Two RIEGL LMS‐Z420i scanner surveys (November 2007 and November 2008) of the Tarndale Gully complex and its associated fan were used to generate a digital elevation model (DEM) of difference in order to quantify gully‐fan‐channel connectivity. The Te Weraroa Stream, into which the first order Tarndale system feeds, is buffered from sediment generated by the gully complex by a fan. Sediment yields and the role of the fan in buffering Te Weraroa Stream are inferred from the TLS of the entire complex. DEM analysis suggests that c.25% of material derived from the gully is buffered from the stream by being stored in the fan. This figure was applied to fan behaviour since December 2004, mapped on nine successive occasions using detailed GPS surveys to get a longer‐term picture of sediment supply within the system and appraise a qualitative assessment of connectivity constructed on the basis of fan behaviour alone

The modelled occurrence of non-thermal plasma in the ionospheric F-region and the possible consequences for ion outflows into the magnetosphere

A global, time-dependent, three-dimensional, coupled ionosphere-thermosphere model is used to predict the spatial distribution of non-thermal plasma in the F-layer. It is shown that, even for steady-state conditions with Kp as low as 3, the difference between the ion and neutral velocities often exceeds the neutral thermal speed by a factor, D', which can be as large as 4. Theoretically, highly non-Maxwellian, and probably toroidal, ion velocity distributions are expected when D' exceeds about 1.5. The lack of response of the neutral winds to sunward ion drifts in the dawn sector of the auroral oval cause this to be the region most likely to contain toroidal distributions. The maximum in D' is found in the throat region of the convection pattern, where the strong neutral winds of the afternoon sector meet the eastward ion flows of the morning sector. These predictions are of interest, not only to radar scientists searching for non-thermal ionospheric plasma, but also as one possible explanation of the initial heating and upward flows of ions in the cleft ion fountain and nightside auroral oval, both of which are a major source of plasma for the magnetosphere

The influence of anisotropic F region ion velocity distributions on ionospheric ion outflows into the magnetosphere

The contribution to the field-aligned ionospheric ion momentum equation, due to coupling between pressure anisotropy and the inhomogeneous geomagnetic field, is investigated. We term this contribution the “hydrodynamic mirror force” and investigate its dependence on the ion drift and the resulting deformations of the ion velocity distribution function from an isotropic form. It is shown that this extra upforce increases rapidly with ion drift relative to the neutral gas but is not highly dependent on the ion-neutral collision model employed. An example of a burst of flow observed by EISCAT, thought to be the ionospheric signature of a flux transfer event at the magnetopause, is studied in detail and it is shown that the nonthermal plasma which results is subject to a hydrodynamic mirror force which is roughly 10% of the gravitational downforce. In addition, predictions by the coupled University College London-Sheffield University model of the ionosphere and thermosphere show that the hydrodynamic mirror force in the auroral oval is up to 3% of the gravitational force for Kp of about 3, rising to 10% following a sudden increase in cross-cap potential. The spatial distribution of the upforce shows peaks in the cusp region and in the post-midnight auroral oval, similar to that of observed low-energy heavy ion flows from the ionosphere into the magnetosphere. We suggest the hydrodynamic mirror force may modulate these outflows by controlling the supply of heavy ions to regions of ion acceleration and that future simulations of the effects of Joule heating on ion outflows should make allowance for it

Expression and interpretation of emotions in multilingual psychotherapy:A literature review

This review aimed at presenting the findings of 19 original studies that were published in the period from 2000 to 2022 in order to outline the current state of the art in the field of emotion communication (i.e., expressing and interpreting emotions) in multilingual psychotherapy. This analysis involves in particular the studies that investigate multilingual phenomena (e.g., code-switching and language-mixing) that occur during psychotherapeutic sessions when client and therapist can speak more than one language, as well as the articles that research emotion communication in this multilingual setting. With this in mind, the articles selected for this review are divided into two main categories: linguistic phenomena in multilingual psychotherapy and emotion communication in multilingual psychotherapy. Results of the studies in the current analysis reveal that code-switching remains one of the main linguistic phenomena that arises in the area of multilingual psychotherapy. Switching languages in therapy tends to be considered as beneficial for both client and therapist. Besides, findings suggest a connection between speaking L1/LX and one's identity (e.g., feeling different depending on the language). Additionally, studies that investigate emotion communication in multilingual psychotherapy show that an individual's first language (L1) is predominantly viewed as more emotionally charged than their language(s) learned later in life (LX). However, some studies also demonstrate that the relationship between L1 and LX is more fluid and context-dependent than it has traditionally been regarded. Propositions are given for future research in the field of emotion communication in multilingual psychotherapy.</p

Effects of Hurricane Katrina on an Incipient Population of Giant Salvinia Salvinia molesta in the Lower Pascagoula River, Mississippi

The objectives of this study were to: 1) survey the lower Pascagoula River Basin and determine the post–storm distribution and abundance of giant salvinia; 2) control any remaining giant salvinia through physical and/or chemical means; 3) determine the fate of the bio–control agents; and 4) determine if re–introduction of salvinia weevils is needed and if so, to decide where best to release them

Moudre ou faire bouillir ?

Moudre ou faire bouillir ? Nourrir les corps et les esprits dans des traditions culinaires et sacrificielles en Asie de l’Ouest, de l’Est et du Sud. Les techniques de préparation alimentaire révélées par l’archéologie pour les différentes régions d’Eurasie, incluant l’utilisation des céramiques, des meules et des plantes domestiques, mettent en évidence des situations contrastées. En Asie de l’Ouest, la mouture, la fabrication du pain et les soles de cuisson en aires ouvertes pour le rôtissage de la viande constituent les modes de préparation de la nourriture, tandis qu’en Asie de l’Est, l’accent porte depuis longtemps sur les techniques de cuisson à l’eau ou à la vapeur développées beaucoup plus tôt qu’à l’ouest. Ces différentes traditions précèdent l’origine de l’agriculture et se sont amplifiées et améliorées avec les avancées de celle-ci. Elles ont aussi des manières très différentes d’approcher le surnaturel. À l’ouest, les dieux, distants, sont nourris par la fumée sacrificielle tandis que le partage des nourritures rituelles promeut une solidarité communautaire ; à l’est, le partage commensal de nourritures s’effectue en vue de conserver un lien entre des esprits ancestraux et des vivants. Cette dernière tradition, en privilégiant les nourritures « gluantes », a influé sur l’évolution du riz glutineux et les millets. Les traditions d’Asie du Sud, spécialement celles de la vallée de l’Indus, suggèrent des liens avec celles du Proche-Orient. L’archéologie révèle que ces traditions ont pénétré graduellement une tradition différente de l’Inde du Sud, laquelle est à relier avec la mouture des haricots et la cuisson à l’eau. Ces observations comparées suggèrent que les systèmes rituels et les modes de préparation de la nourriture sont liés et servent à contraindre et à maintenir des continuités culturelles régionales.To grind or to boil ? Nourishing bodies and spirits in the divergent traditions of food and sacrifice in West, East, and South Asia. Long-term sequences of the development of food technology revealed by archaeology, including use of ceramics, grinding stones, and domesticated crops, in different regions of Eurasia indicate contrasting emphases. In West Asia, food processing focused on grinding stones, preparation of bread and open roasting of meat, whereas in East Asia there has been a long focus on boiling and steaming technologies which developed much earlier there than in the West. These differing food processing traditions precede the origin of agriculture and gain increasing emphasis and elaboration as agriculture advances. These traditions also have very different approaches to the supernatural, with a western emphasis on sacrificial smoke feeding distant gods and ritual food sharing promoting community solidarity, and an eastern emphasis on ancestral spirits kept close to the living through the commensal sharing of foods ; this has promoted « sticky foods » including the evolution of glutinous rice and millets. South Asian traditions, especially from the greater Indus Valley, can be seen as linked to those of West Asia, whereas archaeology reveals their gradual penetration of a different South Indian tradition, which had been more focused on grinding of beans and boiling. These comparative observations suggest that long-term systems of ritual and food-processing are linked and help to constrain and maintain regional cultural continuities

Analysis of the paleomagnetism and rock magnetism of the Surco Intrusion, Peru: an attempt to obtain a Southern Hemisphere reversal record

Investigation of the Surco pluton, a granodioritic body approximately 12 km in diameter and age 20 Ma, located near Lima, Peru, was initiated in order to obtain a geomagnetic reversal record. More than 300 samples provide a complete section through the intrusion. Preliminary results obtained using conventional paleomagnetic techniques indicate that the western part of the pluton records the ambient field behavior well; a consistent reversed direction is followed by a partial reversed to normal transition as one progresses into the core of the intrusion. Plots of NRM vs. IRM(S) demagnetization indicate a steady decrease in the geomagnetic field intensity prior to the reversal. The intrusion does not appear to have recorded the recovery of the normal intensity after the reversal. The existence of a complete section through the intrusion permitted, in principle, the observation of a symmetrical record of the reversal from each side of the pluton. However, the results from the eastern Surco section present a confusing picture and reveal significant variations in rock magnetic and remanence properties along section. Magnetic properties of mineral separates were studied in an attempt to understand variability in the rock as a paleomagnetic recorder. In general, the feldspars contain an unstable magnetization, while the mafic minerals hold a more stable magentization. In the eastern Surco, there are considerable variations in their magnetic properties

Booster Obsolescence and Life Extension (BOLE) for Space Launch System (SLS): Empowering Deep Space Missions

No abstract availabl

From funding gaps to thin markets: UK Government support for early-stage venture capital

Research report'Hybrid' venture capital schemes backed by both private and public sector funding play an increasingly important role in the risk capital funding of early-stage firms with the potential for significant growth. We analysed the impact of investment from six UK government-backed venture capital schemes on 782 funded firms over the period 1995-2008. The six schemes that are the focus of this analysis are the Enterprise Capital Funds (ECFs), Early Growth Funds (EGFs), Regional Venture Capital Funds (RVCFs), Scottish Enterprise-backed Funds, University Challenge Funds (UCFs), and Welsh Hybrid Funds

The Impact of Turnover on Team Performance within Major League Soccer Teams

Success within teams is a result of many factors and may vary across situations and the teams themselves being examined (Morgan, Campione, and Jerrell, 2004). Take for example team success within business. Some may predict that success within teams is due to individual & collaborative efforts, individual & team efficacy, and a shared mental model. But success depends on the context in which the work takes places as well as other factors such as if the work encourages a highly collaborative environment versus work that requires low collaboration within job task completion. One factor not entirely addressed is variance within industry. That is, how is success within athletics achieved? Is it the same, or even like success within a business environment? Moreover, how is high performance within soccer teams, specifically in Major League Soccer, achieved? This study is an attempt to explain variance in team performance within soccer teams in Major League Soccer. We conducted a concomitant time series analysis to determine whether turnover directly or indirectly attributes to team performance. Anecdotally, it is a widespread common belief that poor team performance in sports is due to either poor coaching, or poor individual performance of players. Thus, teams will trade players and/or fire head coaches. This study will attempt to identify how turnover of players and managers contributes to team performance. Archival data obtained from an open-source collection center (mlssoccer.com) was used to gather data