Análisis comparativo de los refugios de alta montaña

141 p.En la alta montaña, las condiciones climáticas se vuelven más extremas y cambian rápidamente, existiendo mayor riesgo para la vida de los alpinistas. Por ello, la existencia de refugios en los que resguardarse juega un papel muy importante en su supervivencia. La construcción en este tipo de habitáculos es un gran ejemplo de adecuación al clima y al entorno, por lo que este trabajo tratará de hacer una aproximación histórica a los refugios y a su construcción. En primer lugar, se estudiará el concepto de refugio para el ser humano y su evolución en el tiempo. En segundo lugar, se clasificarán los refugios de interés por altimetrías y se hará un estudio comparativo entre ellos, con el fin de lograr unas conclusiones de su relación con el lugar, arquitectura, construcción y abastecimiento.In the high mountains, the weather conditions become more extreme and change rapidly, with a greater risk to climbers’ lives. For this reason, the existence of refuges in which to take shelter plays a very important role in their survival. The construction of this type of habitat is a great example of adaptation to the climate and the environment, so this work tries to make a historical approach to shelters and their construction. First of all, the concept of refuge for the human being and its evolution over time will be studied. Second of all, the refuges of interest will be classified by altimetries and a comparative study will be carried out between them, in order to reach conclusions about their relationship with the place, architecture, construction and supply.Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Young creators in open spaces: digital ethnography

The goal of this paper is to analyze the creative processes undertaken in a community of teenagers participating in entertainment workshops designed to develop digital literacies. The main goal is to outline support strategies to generate digital literacy among young people who participate in social networks. We adopt an ethnographic and action research approach to explore the creative process undertaken in an informal educational environment. Methodologically, narrative reconstructions are combined with an analytical approach. The results obtained were three-fold: 1) Specific audiovisual content depends on the material and social context in which it was generated. 2) When multimodal discourses are used, their use is conditioned by the mobile applications that young people use and the need to integrate different modes. 3) The conversations and practices that take place in the workshop focus young people’s attention on creative and critical practices when using social networks such as Vine and Instagram

Contribución de las Redes Sociales a la creación de narrativas transmedia a partir de las series de ficción en Televisión.

Las redes sociales, los foros, chats o blogs son algunos de los objetos culturales que han transformado el modo de “ver televisión” y entran en juego como medios que favorecen y amplían el contenido de ficción de la televisión. Ante esta oportunidad la audiencia ha dejado a un lado su actitud pasiva para participar en la creación de contenidos a través de estos medios digitales, que conectan de forma más directa al usuario y la cadena de televisión. Tomando estas ideas como punto de partida, nos interesa conocer cómo los nuevos medios están presentes no sólo en la vida social de las personas sino también en la interacción con otros medios de comunicación como la televisión. Descubriendo tanto su lenguaje como las formas de expresión y las practicas discursivas, que se derivan de su uso. Para ello se adopta un marco sociocultural, que nos lleva a plantear un estudio de caso a través de un enfoque cualitativo. Analizaremos el modelo de producción generado por TVE de la serie de ficción “Víctor Ros” en la cuál ha utilizado una nueva estrategia basada en los Social Media para potenciar la originalidad de la serie y ofrecer nuevo contenido relacionado con la serie para promover y ampliar el valor activo de la audiencia.Social networks, forums, chats or blogs are some of the cultural objects that have transformed the way of “watching TV” and emerges as a medium to promote and expand the content of television fiction. For this reason, the audience has left aside his passive attitude to participate in the creation of content through digital media, to connect more directly the user and television. Taking these ideas as a starting point, we are interested in how new media are present not only in the social life of people but also in the interaction with other media such as television. Discovering both its language and ways of expression as well as discursive practices, which are derived from their use. According to this, we adopted a sociocultural framework, which leads us to propose a case study through a qualitative approach. We analyze the production model generated by TVE on the drama series “Victor Ros” in which they used a new strategy based on social media to enhance the originality of the series and offer new content related to the show to promote and expand asset value of the audience.post-print2001 K

Vitamin E protects against the mitochondrial damage caused by cyclosporin A in LLC-PK1 cells

27 p.Cyclosporin A (CsA) has nephrotoxic effects known to involve reactive oxygen species (ROS), since antioxidants prevent the kidney damage induced by this drug. Given that mitochondria are among the main sources of intracellular ROS, the aims of our study were to examine the mitochondrial effects of CsA in the porcine renal endothelial cell line LLC-PK1 and the influence of the antioxidant Vitamin E (Vit E). Following the treatment of LLC-PK1 cells with CsA, we assessed the mitochondrial synthesis of superoxide anion, permeability transition pore opening, mitochondrial membrane potential, cardiolipin peroxidation, cytochrome c release and cellular apoptosis, using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy procedures. Similar experiments were done after Vit E preincubation of cells. CsA treatment increased superoxide anion in a dose-dependent way. CsA opened the permeability transition pores, caused Bax migration to mitochondria, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and cardiolipin content. Also CsA released cytochrome c into cytosol and provoked cellular apoptosis. Vit E pretreatment inhibited the effects that CsA induced on mitochondrial structure and function in LLC-PK1 cells and avoided apoptosis. CsA modifies mitochondrial LLC-PK1 cell physiology with loss of negative electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane and increased lipid peroxidation. These features are related to apoptosis and can explain the cellular damage that CsA induces. As Vit E inhibited these effects, our results suggest that they were mediated by an increase in ROS production by mitochondriaJunta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Manch

Effect of the implementation of clinical guidelines on management of candidemia in elderly patients

Introduction: Mortality from candidemia is higher in elderly population than in younger patients, which may be related to suboptimal management. The aim of the present study is to evaluate adherence to the recommendations for the clinical management of candidemia in a population over 75 years before and after implementing specific training. Patients and Methods: We recorded retrospectively data from candidemia episodes in elderly patients during two periods of time: 2010–2015 years (before training) and 2017–2022 years (after training), as well as adherence to the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines, mortality and consultation to infectious disease specialists. Results: Forty-five episodes of candidemia were recorded in the first period and 29 episodes in the second period. A better compliance to the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines was observed in the second period: echocardiogram performance (75.9% vs. 48.9% p= .021), fundoscopy (65.5% vs. 44.4% p= .076), follow-up blood cultures (72.4% vs. 42.2% p= .011), removal of central venous catheter (80% vs. 52.9% p= .080) and adequate antifungal treatment (82.6% vs. 52.6% p= .018). A trend towards lower mortality was observed during the second period (27.6% vs. 44.4% p= .144). Conclusion: The improvement of knowledge of clinical guidelines on candidemia and the participation of infectious disease specialists may increase the quality of care in elderly patients with candidemia. It would be necessary to enlarge the sample size to evaluate the real impact of this intervention on mortality

Predictors of in-hospital mortality in HIV-infected patients with COVID-19

Background Underlying immunodeficiency is associated with severe COVID-19, but the prognosis of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) with COVID-19 is under debate. Aim: assessment of the mortality rate and major determinants of death in HIV-infected patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain before vaccine availability. Design: Retrospective nationwide public database analysis. Methods Nationwide, retrospective, observational analysis of all hospitalizations with COVID-19 during year 2020 in Spain. Stratification was made according to HIV status. The National Registry of Hospital Discharges was used with the ICD-10 coding list. Results A total of 117 694 adults were hospitalized with COVID-19 during 2020. Only 234 (0.2%) were HIV-positives. More than 95% were on antiretroviral therapy. Compared to HIV-negatives, PWH were younger (mean age 53.2 vs. 66.5 years old; P<0.001) and more frequently male (74.8% vs. 56.6%; P<0.001). Most co-morbidities predisposing to severe COVID-19 (diabetes, hypertension, dementia and cardiovascular disease) were more frequent in HIV-negatives. In contrast, the rate of baseline liver disease was over 6-fold higher in PWH (27.4% vs. 4.4%; P<0.001). In-hospital mortality was lower in PWH (9.4% vs. 16%; P=0.004). In multivariate analysis, older age, dementia and especially advanced liver disease (relative risk (RR): 7.6) were the major determinants of death in PWH hospitalized with COVID-19. Conclusion HIV-infected patients hospitalized in Spain with COVID-19 during 2020 had better survival than HIV-negatives, most likely explained by younger age and lower rate of co-morbidities. However, advanced liver disease was a major predictor of death in PWH hospitalized with COVID-19

Mitochondrial DNA insertions into nuclear DNA affecting chromosome segregation: Insights for a novel mechanism of immunosenescence in mice

Mitochondrial DNA sequences were found inserted in the nuclear genome of mouse peritoneal T lymphocytes that increased progressively with aging. These insertions were preferentially located at the pericentromeric heterochromatin. In the same individuals, binucleated T-cells with micronuclei showed a significantly increased frequency associated with age. Most of them were positive for centromere sequences, reflecting the loss of chromatids or whole chromosomes. The proliferative capacity of T lymphocytes decreased with age as well as the glutathione reductase activity, whereas the oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations exhibited a significant increase. These results may point to a common process that provides insights for a new approach to understanding immunosenescence. We propose a novel mechanism in which mitochondrial fragments, originated by the increased oxidative stress status during aging, accumulate inside the nuclear genome of T lymphocytes in a timedependent way. The primary entrance of mitochondrial fragments at the pericentromeric regions may compromise chromosome segregation, causing genetic loss that leads to micronuclei formation, rendering aneuploid cells with reduced proliferation capacity, one of the hallmark of immunosenescence. Future experiments deciphering the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon are needed

Vitamin D treatment prevents uremia-induced reductions in aortic microRNA-145 attenuating osteogenic differentiation despite hyperphosphatemia

In chronic kidney disease, systemic inflammation and high serum phosphate (P) promote the de-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to osteoblast-like cells, increasing the propensity for medial calcification and cardiovascular mortality. Vascular microRNA-145 (miR-145) content is essential to maintain VSMC contractile phenotype. Because vitamin D induces aortic miR-145, uremia and high serum P reduce it and miR-145 directly targets osteogenic osterix in osteoblasts, this study evaluated a potential causal link between vascular miR-145 reductions and osterix-driven osteogenic differentiation and its counter-regulation by vitamin D. Studies in aortic rings from normal rats and in the rat aortic VSMC line A7r5 exposed to calcifying conditions corroborated that miR-145 reductions were associated with decreases in contractile markers and increases in osteogenic differentiation and calcium (Ca) deposition. Furthermore, miR-145 silencing enhanced Ca deposition in A7r5 cells exposed to calcifying conditions, while miR-145 overexpression attenuated it, partly through increasing α-actin levels and reducing osterix-driven osteogenic differentiation. In mice, 14 weeks after the induction of renal mass reduction, both aortic miR-145 and α-actin mRNA decreased by 80% without significant elevations in osterix or Ca deposition. Vitamin D treatment from week 8 to 14 fully prevented the reductions in aortic miR-145 and attenuated by 50% the decreases in α-actin, despite uremia-induced hyperphosphatemia. In conclusion, vitamin D was able to prevent the reductions in aortic miR-145 and α-actin content induced by uremia, reducing the alterations in vascular contractility and osteogenic differentiation despite hyperphosphatemia