Solving the Pose Ambiguity via a Simple Concentric Circle Constraint

Estimating the pose of objects with circle feature from images is a basic and important question in computer vision community. This paper is focused on the ambiguity problem in pose estimation of circle feature, and a new method is proposed based on the concentric circle constraint. The pose of a single circle feature, in general, can be determined from its projection in the image plane with a pre-calibrated camera. However, there are generally two possible sets of pose parameters. By introducing the concentric circle constraint, interference from the false solution can be excluded. On the basis of element at infinity in projective geometry and the Euclidean distance invariant, cases that concentric circles are coplanar and non-coplanar are discussed respectively. Experiments on these two cases are performed to validate the proposed method

Roles of STAT3 in the pathogenesis and treatment of glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant of astrocytomas mainly involving the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebral cortex. It is one of the fatal and refractory solid tumors, with a 5-year survival rate of merely 5% among the adults. IL6/JAK/STAT3 is an important signaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis and progression of GBM. The expression of STAT3 in GBM tissues is substantially higher than that of normal brain cells. The abnormal activation of STAT3 renders the tumor microenvironment of GBM immunosuppression. Besides, blocking the STAT3 pathway can effectively inhibit the growth and metastasis of GBM. On this basis, inhibition of STAT3 may be a new therapeutic approach for GBM, and the combination of STAT3 targeted therapy and conventional therapies may improve the current status of GBM treatment. This review summarized the roles of STAT3 in the pathogenesis of GBM and the feasibility of STAT3 for GBM target therapy

Efficient perpendicular magnetization switching by a magnetic spin Hall effect in a noncollinear antiferromagnet

Current induced spin-orbit torques driven by the conventional spin Hall effect are widely used to manipulate the magnetization. This approach, however, is nondeterministic and inefficient for the switching of magnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy that are demanded by the high-density magnetic storage and memory devices. Here, we demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome by exploiting a magnetic spin Hall effect in noncollinear antiferromagnets, such as Mn3Sn. The magnetic group symmetry of Mn3Sn allows generation of the out-of-plane spin current carrying spin polarization collinear to its direction induced by an in-plane charge current. This spin current drives an out-of-plane anti-damping torque providing the deterministic switching of the perpendicular magnetization of an adjacent Ni/Co multilayer. Due to being odd with respect to time reversal symmetry, the observed magnetic spin Hall effect and the resulting spin-orbit torque can be reversed with reversal of the antiferromagnetic order. Contrary to the conventional spin-orbit torque devices, the demonstrated magnetization switching does not need an external magnetic field and requires much lower current density which is useful for low power spintronics

Mechanical Properties of MJ-Class Toroidal Magnet Wound by Composite HTS Conductor

An MJ-class superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system has a wide range of potential applications in electric power systems. The composite high-temperature superconducting HTS conductor, which has the advantages of carrying large critical currents and withstanding high magnetic fields, is suitable for winding an MJ-class magnet coil. However, the Lorentz force of an HTS wire is so large that its induced mechanical stresses should be examined to ensure that the magnet is in good condition. By means of the equivalent material properties method and the sequential coupling method, this paper studies the mechanical properties of a three MJ toroidal SMES magnet wound by a composite HTS conductor. Based on the electromagnetic-structural coupling analysis, the Von-Mises stress, the radial stress, and the hoop stress of a magnet coil are calculated and employed to validate the stability of the MJ-class toroidal SMES magnet

Numerical Study on AC Loss Properties of HTS Cable Consisting of YBCO Coated Conductor for HTS Power Devices

High-current high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables have been developed for use in HTS power devices. This paper presented the structures of HTS cables, including Conductor on Round Core (CORC) cable, Twisted Stacked-tape Conductor (TSTC) cable, and Double coaxial cable. Subsequently, three-dimensional finite element method numerical models were built to analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of the cables, and the critical current of the cables is about 380 Ampere 77 K, self-field. Using the T-A formulation, the numerical model assumed a sheet approximation for conductors, which shortened computational time. The T-A formulation were verified by experiments on a superconducting tape. Then HTS cables with different configurations were made, as functions of different transport current and background magnetic field, and different pitches of Double Coaxial Cable inner conducting layer. According to the results, the ac losses of Double coaxial cable and CORC cable decreased 40% than the TSTC cable with different transport current, and the Double coaxial cable ac loss decreased 20% than the CORC cable when background magnetic field was in the range of 20-60 mT. Conclusions obtained from this study will be helpful for understanding the ac loss properties of HTS cables and useful in design of HTS power devices (such as HTS transformer), using HTS cables

Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Importance The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. Objective To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. Evidence Review The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world