Impact of different Agents on the Efficacy of Codling Moth Granulovirus in Tank Mixtures

In the control of codling moth it is common to combine the granulovirus with other agents, especially fungicides, in spray application. Therefore the knowledge about the influence of these agents on the efficacy of the virus in tank mix is very important. Studies on this subject were part of a project supported by BMELV (German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer protection) at the Institute for Biological Control of JKI in Darmstadt. The granulovirus of Cydia pomonella (L.) (CpGV) was mixed with 10 different agents at concentrations as applied in the field. After the exposure the virus activity was calculated from larval mortality determined in bioassays with neonates of a susceptible codling moth strain. Only two agents with a pH of 11 (sodium silicate (water glass) and calcium polysulfide (lime sulphur)) reduced the virulence of CpGV significantly

Behavior of fluids in the vicinity of the critical point

Fluid behavior in vicinity of critical poin

The spatial diffusion of a knowledge base: Laser technology research in West Germany, 1960-2005

We analyze the spatial diffusion of laser-technology in Germany during the early phase of development, between 1960 and 2005. Research in this new technological field began in a few larger centers and then spread to other regions. In the early years, a large firm of the electronics industry located in Munich played a dominating role. The intraregional diffusion of the knowledge in laser technology was particularly high in those regions which have started laser research rather early. There is also no significant effect of regional knowledge in the field of laser technology on the number of regional laser-producers, what may be due to the rather early development stage of the system where not many producers entered the market. Mobility of persons as well as co-publications and co-patents between institutions played only a minor role in the period under investigation

The long noncoding RNA neuroLNC regulates presynaptic activity by interacting with the neurodegeneration-associated protein TDP-43

The cellular and the molecular mechanisms by which long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may regulate presynaptic function and neuronal activity are largely unexplored. Here, we established an integrated screening strategy to discover lncRNAs implicated in neurotransmitter and synaptic vesicle release. With this approach, we identified neuroLNC, a neuron-specific nuclear lncRNA conserved from rodents to humans. NeuroLNC is tuned by synaptic activity and influences several other essential aspects of neuronal development including calcium influx, neuritogenesis, and neuronal migration in vivo. We defined the molecular interactors of neuroLNC in detail using chromatin isolation by RNA purification, RNA interactome analysis, and protein mass spectrometry. We found that the effects of neuroLNC on synaptic vesicle release require interaction with the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein-43) and the selective stabilization of mRNAs encoding for presynaptic proteins. These results provide the first proof of an lncRNA that orchestrates neuronal excitability by influencing presynaptic function