Filières agro-alimentaires et développement territorial : une lecture des dynamiques de proximités institutionnelles

L’analyse des filières agro-alimentaires de qualité incite à interroger les dynamiques territoriales qu’elles peuvent impulser. Cet article s’appuie sur les avancées théoriques du courant « Dynamiques de proximité » pour analyser ces phénomènes en termes de processus de spécification des ressources, de trajectoires territoriales. Le concept de proximités semble a priori éclairant pour identifier les modes de coordination et par là même rendre compte de l’évolution des trajectoires territoriales. Mais l’identification des proximités est-elle suffisante pour comprendre les dynamiques locales de ces filières ? Cette contribution fait état des résultats de deux études de cas menées à partir de cette approche de la proximité. Il s’agit d’une filière « fruits d’été » et d’une filière « veau sous la mère » toutes les deux localisées en Midi-Pyrénées. L’approche par la proximité pose le problème de sa mesure sur le terrain. Cette contribution propose d’explorer plusieurs grilles de lecture des dynamiques collectives associées aux rapports entre acteurs d’une filière. Elle vise à interroger le concept de proximité et sa capacité à clarifier les processus de développement territorial. L’observation de terrains montre que les externalités ne sont pas toujours suffisamment positives, et que les trajectoires territoriales ne sont pas stables. Il convient alors de rechercher de nouveaux outils d’analyse pour appréhender les phénomènes d’accumulation des ressources et les bifurcations de trajectoires auxquelles on peut assister lorsqu’un territoire a été porté par les acteurs de filières agro-alimentaires de qualité. Après avoir examiné, au plan théorique, les dimensions non marchandes des dynamiques collectives, les auteurs suggèrent que la notion de capital territorial pourrait être utile pour comprendre l’articulation entre les dimensions marchandes et non marchandes des dynamiques territoriales générées par ces filières.Research on local agrifood industrial systems calls for the integration of the analysis of territorial dynamics. This article uses the theoretical approach of ‘Dynamics of proximity” in order to analyze the territorial dynamics in terms of specification process and territorial trajectory. The concept of proximity can, indeed, provide some interesting insights to observed coordination patterns and, thus, the dynamics of territories. This paper presents the results of two case studies of local food systems in the region of Midi-Pyrénées : the “summer fruits” and the “veau sous la mère” (calves raised with cow milk) systems. Although it raises the problem of measurement, the use of the concept of proximity allows us to encompass the simple identification of some closed links within the systems. It also helps to understand the complex combination of both competition and cooperation relationships among local actors, who are reunited within a food chain project. Moreover, the dynamic analysis implied by the issue of territorial trajectories brings us to define more precisely the nature of externalities potentially yielded by the different proximities. We show that externalities are not always sufficiently positive and that territorial trajectories are not stable. Other analytical tools can be developed in order to take into account the process of resources accumulation and changes in territorial trajectories. The authors examine various issues to analyze non-market relationships and collective actions. They suggest that the concept of “territorial capital” can be useful to explain the link between market and non-market local dynamics generated by those agrifood supply chains

Chapitre 7 - Innovations et gouvernance des territoires ruraux

L’idée que l’innovation ou la créativité pourraient être à l’origine des processus de développement des territoires est apparue assez récemment dans la littérature, ainsi que dans les politiques et actions publiques. Ce n’est que ces dernières années que s’est imposé le fait que les activités nouvelles pouvaient présenter un intérêt, voire même constituer le moteur de la croissance des territoires (Regional Science Policy and Practic..

Le foncier agricole, nouvel enjeu des politiques d’aménagement de l’espace

Ce numéro spécial a été pensé pour rendre compte de certains résultats des projets PSDR portant sur l’intégration progressive des enjeux multiples du foncier agricole (agri-alimentaires, environnementaux, économiques, paysagers…) dans les processus d’aménagement de l’espace. Il est issu du Symposium virtuel « Transitions pour le développement des territoires » qui s’est tenu du 28 au 30 octobre 2020 afin d’établir un bilan du programme PSDR4 (Pour et Sur le Développement Régional), financé p..

Direct microscopic examination of imprints in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement

BACKGROUND: Bacteriological analysis of cardiac valves might be indicated in patients with suspected endocarditis. METHODS: We report here a prospective study on fifty-three consecutive patients whose native valves were sent to the bacteriological and pathological laboratories, to investigate the performance of direct microscopic examination of imprints and valve culture. RESULTS: On the basis of a histopathological gold standard to classify the inflammatory valve process, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive and the negative predictive values of direct microscopic examination of imprints and valve culture were 21%, 100%, 100%, 60%, and 21%, 72%, 38%, 52% respectively. This weak threshold of the direct microscopic examination of imprints could be due to antimicrobial therapy prescribed before cardiac surgery and the fact that the patients came from a tertiary hospital receiving patients with a prolonged history of endocarditis. CONCLUSION: Clinical context and histopathology are indispensable when analyzing the imprints and valve culture

Linking people, places and products. A guide for promoting quality linked to geographical origin and sustainable geographical indications

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. The views expressed in the contribution by SINER-GI members are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the potential use of the information contained herein

A prospective, observational study of fidaxomicin use for Clostridioides difficile infection in France.

To describe the characteristics, management and outcomes of hospitalised patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) treated with and without fidaxomicin. This prospective, multicentre, observational study (DAFNE) enrolled hospitalised patients with CDI, including 294 patients treated with fidaxomicin (outcomes recorded over a 3-month period) and 150 patients treated with other CDI therapies during three 1-month periods. The primary endpoint was baseline and CDI characteristics of fidaxomicin-treated patients. At baseline, the fidaxomicin-treated population included immunocompromised patients (39.1%) and patients with severe (59.2%) and recurrent (36.4%) CDI. Fidaxomicin was associated with a high rate of clinical cure (92.2%) and low CDI recurrence (16.3% within 3 months). Clinical cure rates were ≥90% in patients aged ≥65 years, those receiving concomitant antibiotics and those with prior or severe CDI. There were 121/296 (40.9%) patients with adverse events (AEs), 5.4% with fidaxomicin-related AEs and 1.0% with serious fidaxomicin-related AEs. No fidaxomicin-related deaths were reported. Fidaxomicin is an effective and well-tolerated CDI treatment in a real-world setting in France, which included patients at high risk of adverse outcomes.Trial registration: Description of the use of fidaxomicin in hospitalised patients with documented Clostridium difficile infection and the management of these patients (DAFNE), NCT02214771, www.ClinicalTrials.gov